Quan triet va thuc hien Ngjii quyet Dgi hgi XI crua Dang lidp chf C^ng sdn /CdNG TAC QUAN LY VA SU DUNG TAI NGUYEN 6 NUOC TA HIEN NAY THUC TRANG, VAN DE DAT RA VA GIAI PHAP KHAC PHUC NGirstN MINH QUAN[.]
Quan triet va thuc hien Ngjii quyet Dgi hgi XI crua Dang lidp chf C^ng sdn /CdNG TAC QUAN LY VA SU DUNG TAI NGUYEN NUOC TA HIEN NAY: THUC TRANG, VAN DE DAT RA VA GIAI PHAP KHAC PHUC NGirstN MINH QUANG * Cong tdc qudn If tdi nguyen huetng toi ldm ro tiem ndng, trU lixgng, gid trf cdc nguon tdi nguyen cua ddt mr&c, tie bdo dam khai thdc, sir dffng tdi nguyen h^ iy, hieu qud vd ben vOng ^ doi v&i bdo ve, phffc hdi vd tdi tgo cdc nguon tdi nguyen dith^ hifn cdc muc tieu phdt triin kinh ti - xa hgu Thifc tien cong tdc qudn ly, sdr dgng idi nguyen & nu&c ta hi§n dd vd dang dgt nhieu titdch thin:, doi hoi phdi co cdch tiip cgn he thing tii nang cao nhgn thirc Si m&i, hodn thien cliinh sdch, phdp lugt din ti chic Ihuc hifn de khde phgc nhiing bit c^p, yiu kem cua cong tdc ndy, ddp Ang yiu ciu, nhi$m vg linh hinh m&L Tinh hinh chung Tai nguyen thien nliien (sau day gpi la tai nguyen) c6 cac phSn moi frudng, tdn tai duoi dang tu nhien, khong phu thuoc vao y chi cua nguoi Tai nguyen la p h ^ khdng the thieu, duac khai thae, su dung phuc vu cu$c song va sir phat triln cua xS hgi loai nguoi Vi v^y, voi moi qu6c gia, dan toe, tai nguyen lii ngu5n tai san, ngu6n luc, ngufln von tu nhien djc biet quan trpng dS xay dung va phat trien dat nuoc CSng tac quan ly tai nguyen phai nhSm bao dam cac yeu ciu sau: 1- HiJu bijt cang day du hon, toan dien hon v6 tijm nang, trii lupng, gia tri ciia cac ngudn tai nguyen; 2- Phat huy, cSn d6i ngudn lire tai nguySn cho phat tridn kinh td - xa hdi; 3- Bao dam khai thae, su dyng tii nguyen hpp ly, hieu qui va ben virng; 4- Bao ve, phuc hdi, phat trien cac ngudn tai nguySn tai t?io Ndi dung, phuang thiic, bi?n phap quan ly tai nguyen phu thudc 16 s l 862 (thang nSm 2014) nhieu vao didu kien tu nhiSn, logi hinh tai nguyen, md hinh tang truong, d}c didm, trinh dp phat tridn kinh td - xa h^i Trong thi gi6i hifn nay, tai nguyen trd nguSn luc khan hilm, la ddi tupng b) tranh chap quylt li^ d nhieu noi tren the gidi, nhat la cac nguon tii nguyen khdng tii tpo Bdi canh dd diit ta yeu ciu, thach thurc cing ldn ddi vdi cdng tac quin ly tai nguyen d nudc ta Vidt Nam cd didn tich tu nhien khoang 331.698km^ bd biln dai hon 3.260km, dupc xip guy mo trung bmh, diing thii 59 tdng sd 200 qudc gia vi viine linh tho tren thi gidi Tuy nhidn, dan so ddng (hon 90 trieu ngudi, xip thii 13 tren thi ^di) nen bmh quin didn tich tvr nhidn tren dau ngudi rat thap (khoang 0,38 ha), chi bing 1/5 mite bmh quan cua thi gidi (1,96 ha) Vi$t Nam cd • Uy vien Trung irong B^g, nguyeo v^ Moi tiu^g ) iTuong B$ Tii Quan triet va t h i ^ hien Nghi quyet Dgi hoi XI cua Dang • chf sy da dgng vl dja chit, dia hinh, tai nguyen khodng sdn taong ddi phong phu ve chflng logi, mdt so logi cd tru Iugng, tilm nang tdi nguydn Idn cd till i)hatttilntiidnhcac ngdnh cdng nghi^, nhu ddu khi, bd-xit,ti-tan,than, ddt hidm ; tilm ndng nang lugng tdi tgo ldn, ddc bipt ndn| Iugng gid, mgt trdi, dia nhipt, sinh khdi Mac du ting Iugng nudc mgt (khodng 830 ty mVnam), nudc dudi dit (khodng 63 ty mVnam) khd Idn, nhung dja hmh hpp, nhilu vflng die biln, hon 60% Iugng nudc mgt co ngudn glc ta nudc ngodi, ndn tinh trang thidu nudc eye bd theo viing va theo mua vdn xdy ra, ed Iflc, cd noi gay gat Trdi ddi tien nhieu vT tayIn, ta nhidt ddi dm din d nhi$t ddi, vdi nhieu vflng nfli cao, Vipt Nam cd nhidu h§ sinh thdi rflng vdi sy da dgng vd phong phu ve eac lodi dpng vdt, tiiyc vgt Vdi di|n tfch vflng bidn thudc chfl quydn, quyin chfl quyen va quyen tdi phdn tren tti?u km^, Yi^t Nam thyc sy Id mOt qudc gia bifin vdi nhleu logi hinh tai nguyen da dgng va phong phfl, nhit Id ngudn Ipi thfly sdn, tidm ndng vj the phdt trien giao thdng, cdng bien, du ljch da bd tri vdn ta ngan sdch, ban hdnh nhieu CO chd huy dgng ngudn vdn xd hdi diu ta cho cdng tac qudn ly tai nguyen, nhdt Id cdng tdc didu tra co ban Idem ke, thdng ke, ddnh gid cdc ngudn tdi nguydn Chfl truang, chfnh sdch, pha^ ludt ve qudn ly tdi nguyen lien tyc dugc ddi mdi, hodn thien, ddp flng ydu cdu cfla qud trinh phat trien, sy nghiep cdng nghiep hda va hidn dai hda ddt nudc Co che, cdng ey, bien phdp qudn Iy tdi nguydn cung cd nhfing budc chuyen ddi tich cyc, nhit la co chetiepcan cac ngudn tdi nguydn Cde quan he cung eau, co chd dinh gid, ddu gid, diu thiu budc ddu da hinh thanh, tao budc ehuydn bien cdng tdc qudn I^ tdi nguydn phu hop hon vdi thd ehd kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi chfl nghia Ddt dai, khoang sdn, ngudn nudc, rflng, ngudn Ipi thfly san dd dupc didu tra, ddnh gid, quy hoach, can ddi phyc vy ede mye dieh, yeu cau phat tridn kinh te - xa hdi theo tiing k^, tflng giai doan phat tridn Ngudn thu ta tdi nguyen ddng gdp quanttpngcho ngdn sdch hdng nam cfla Nha nude Hoat dpng san xuat, kinh doanh lien quan ddn khai thdc, sfl dung tdi nguydn da Y thuc dupc tam quan trpng cfla cac tao ndn vide Idm, thu nhgp cho sd ddng ngudi ngudn tdi nguyen ddi vdi sy phdt tridn vd sy dan tten cd nudc Mdc khai thdc, sfl dung tdi thjnh vupng cfla ddt nudc, ta nhieu nam qua, nguydn ed sy ehuyen bien theo hudng hgp ly, Ddng va Nha nudc ta dd quan tdm d€n edng hieu qud vd bin vfing hon Vdn dl bdo vd, phyc tdc qudn \f tdi nguydn Cuong ITnh xay dyng hdi, tdi tao cae ngudn tai nguyen dugc chu ^; dit nudc tiong thdi ky qud dp len chfl nghta dau ta phat tridn cde ngudn nguydn, nhidn lipu xd hdi, vdn ki^n cdc ky Dgi hpi Dang deu da thay the da dugc quan tdm dl cgp den vdn de qudn ly tai nguydn, nhat Id dit dai, khoang sdn Trung uong ciing da Nhung van de dat ban hdnh m0t sd nghj quyet chuydn vd cac Trude yen eau cfla giai dogn phdt trien nhdm tdi nguyen, dd Nghi quydt sd mdi, chuyen ddi md hinh tang trudng va nang 24-NQ/TW, 03-6-2013, cfla Ban Chip cao chit Iugng phdt tridn, nhidu vdn dd thyc hdnh Trung uaujg khda XI ve Chu dgng img tien dang dat thdch thflc cdng Idn ddi phd vai bien ddi fchi hgu tdng cudng qudn vdi cdng tdc qudn ly tdi nguyen ly tdi nguyen vd bdo vg mdi tru&ng da dinh Mgt la, hieu bidt cfla chflng ta vd tidm hirdng todn di^n cdng tde qudn Iy tdi nguyen nang, tru lu^g, gid tri cfla cdc ngudn tdi den ndm 2020 vd tim nhin din ndm 2050 nguyen cfla dit nudc cdn han che; thdng tin, Hp thong to chflc bp may nhd nudc ve quan dfl lieu ve cde ngudn tai nguyen khdng ddy Iy tdi nguyen dugc hinh thdnh ddng bp ta du, thidu todn didn, khdng thdng nhdt vd chua Trung ucmg din dja phuang Nhd nudc cflng dupc chuan hda S5 862 (thang nam 2014) 17 Quan triet va thi^c hien Nghi quyet Dgi hgi XI cua Dang Tdi nguydn dit, nudc, khodng sdr^ cac he sinh thdi, cdnh quan, tilm ndng vi thd chua dugc didu tra, ddnh gia ddy dfl, toan didn vd tidm ndng, trfl lugng, gid tri Dia chit khodng san chu ylu mdi dugc didu tra d phin bd mat hoac din sdu 100m cfla hon 60% didn tich; dja chit khodng sdn biln mdi dugc didu tra d khu vyc cd dd sdu ddn 100m nudc Hogt ddng dieutta,thdm dd ngudn nudc cdn rdt hgn chd, nhat Id ngudn nudc dudi ddt; thdng tin, dfl lidu vl tai nguyen nudc cdn rdt thieu Phin ldn cdc he sinh thai ty nhidn chua dupc dieu tra, ddnh gid diy dfl, toan dipn, kiem ke djnh ky Sd lieu ve rflng cdn nhieu bat egp, khdng thdng nhat Tiidng tin, dfl lidu vl ngudn Igi tiifly sdn ehua dfl dptincdy Vipc didu tra, danh gid, lugng hda gid trj kinh te cfla cdc ngudn tai nguyen chi mdi dugc thfl nghiem d mdt sd nhdm, loai Dinh gid tdi nguydn chi mdi thye hien ddi vdi m0t sd nhdm tai nguyen, cdn nhilu bit cgp, chua phii hgp vdi thd chi kinh tl tiii trudng Viec thidt Igp cdc tdi khodn qudc gia vd edc ngudn tdi nguyen ehua dugc nghien cflu xdy dyng Ngudn Iyc tdi nguyen chua dupc hgch todn diy dflttongndn kinh tl Thdngtin,dfl lieu ve cdc ngudn tdi nguyen chua dupc chudn hda, dp tin c ^ khdng eao, khdng duge qudn Iy thing nhdt nen gay nhieu khd khan cho vipc su dung Thdng tin, sd Ii?u ddu vao chat Iugng thdp ddn din vipc danh gid, du bao thidu chfnh xde dang la vin de Idntionghogeh dinh ehfnh saeh qudn Iy tai nguyen ndiridngva phdt ttiin kinh tl - xa hdi ndi chung d nude ta Hai la, ngudn Iyc tai nguyen chua dugc cdn ddi, phan bl hop Iy, sat vdi yeu ciu, myc tieu phat trien kinh td - xa hdi; xung dot myctidu,lpi fch khai thdc, sfl dung, mdt can ddi cung cdu vl cac ngudn tai nguyen dang gia tang Dan sl tang nhanh, kinh ti phdt ttiln mgnh, ndng dpng, da dgng, nhu cdu su dyng khdng gian, mgt bang, tai nguyen dit, nudc, nang lugng, nguyen nhien, vat lipu dd dd thi hda, 18 ^i; 862 (tltang n^m 201-1) T^p chf C^ng sAn cdng nghidp hda, phat triln hg ting ky thugt, giao thong, bao dam an ninh ndng Iugng, an nirih luong thyc, an ninh sinh fliai, ndng cao chit lugng cudc sing cua nhdn dan ngdy cdng Idn khdng gian, mat bang, nguin Iyc tdi nguyen cd han, tii|un chi dang giam ddn, dang dgt vdn dl cdn ddi, phdn bo ngudn lyc tdi nguydn trudc nhiing thach thiic rit idn Thyc td cho thiy, cdng tac hien chua dugctiiuchidn bdi ban, thidu chudn myc, cdn nhieu Iflng tflng, bat cap, chua tinh het Ipi fch ting thd, hdi hda trudc mat va lau ddi din din mau thuan, thgm chf xung dot giua cac ngdnh, Imh vyc, nhdm xa hdi, giua hidn tai vd taong lai; cd luc, cd noi dang cdn trd sy phdt triln, gay nhung he luy ve sinh thai, mdi trudng Trong dd, d nhilu nai ddt dai, ngudn luc tai nguyen Ididng dugc sfl dyng dung muc dfch, tham chf khdng dugc su dyng gdy Idng phi, that thodt Ba Id, vide khai thdc, sfl dung nhidu nhdm tai nguydn chua hgp Iy, kem hieu qua va khdng ben vung dan den lang phi ngudn Iyc qudc gia, mgt sd ngudn tdi nguyen bi suy tiiodi, can kidt Cudng dp su dung tdi nguyen (sfl dyng tdi nguyen dl tgo I don vi GDP) cdn d mflc eao Tdc dd tang ndng suat su dung tai nguyen ed xu hudng chdm lai, mpt sl logi tai nguyen cd nang suat sfl dyng thip so vdi muc ttung binh trdn the gidi Nang suit sfl dung dit cua Viet Nam cd sy gia tang theotiidigian vd dgt muc sfl dung eao so vdi cdc nudc khu vyc'", song dang chiing Igi, thdm chi di ngang ta nam 2010J^' Theo ddnh gid cfla mpt sd td chflc qudc td, Vidt Nam dflng tiong sd cdc (1) Cy th£, nSng suit sii dyng ddt ciia Vi§t Nam giai do^n 1991 - 2008 tSng hon 1,5 1^ so vdi giai doan 1980 - 1990, tii miic 981,89 USD/ha Ien 1.569,51 USD/ha, thuOc lo?i cao nh^t khu vy chSu A (Theo Bao c^o Chi s6 phit trien th^ gi6i, NgSn hing ThS gioi 2013) (2) Theo ket qua nghifin cihi ciia UNESCAP vi Vi$n Quan ly kinh te Trang uong 2009 Quan trigt va tiiyc hipn N g ^ quyet Dai hoi XI cua Dang nudc cd ndng sudt su dyng nudc vao logi thdp nhit till gidi'3» Ngudn Iyc tai nguydn cdn bj sfl dyng lang phf, kem hipu qua, hgn chi khd ndng ddng gdp cho phdt trien kinh td - xa hpi Ddt da dugc giao, cho thud chgm dugc sfl dyng; sfl dung dit ndng, ldm trudng kdm hidu qud; tlnh trgng thodi hda ddt, ddt bi hoang mge hda cdng gia tdng Khoang sdn cdn bj khai thdc manh mfln, nhd Ie,ttraiphep; xuit khiu khodng sdn dudi dgng nguydn lipu thd; edng nghp khai thdc, chi biln cdn Igc hdu, chdm dugc ddi mdi ddn ddn ton that, lang phi ngudn tdi nguydn khdng tdi tao quan ttpng ndy Tai nguydn nudc chua dupc khai thae tong hgp, phyc vy da muc tidu din din hi^u qua thdp; tinh tigng thidu nudc theo mfla, cyc bp theo viing cdn nghiem trgng Dipn tfch che phfl cua rimg cd tdng nhung chit Iugng riing gidm, rung ty nhien xudng cip mgnh Ngudn lgi thfly san ngdy cdng suy gidm, ndng suit, hi^u qud khai thdc thdp Tai nguydn vi thd chua dugc phdt huy het tiem ndng, till mgnh Bdn Id, ngudn thu ta tdi nguyen chua dugc sfl dyng mOt cdch bin vihig, Ipi ich ta tdi nguyen chua dugc phdn bd hgp ly, hdi hda; chua chfl ttgng dflng mflc ddn cdng tdc bao vp, tdi tgo, phyc hdi vd phdt triln ede ngudn tdi nguydn tdi tgo Ciing vdi vide kiem sodt cdc hogt dOng khai thdc nhdm bdo dam cdc nguin tdi nguyen tdi tgo dugc khaitiidctionggidi han phyc hdi, khd ndng tdi tgo, edn chfl y ddn cdng tdc bdo vp, phyc hdi, tdi tgo nham phdt tridn ngudn lyc tdi nguyen cua dit nudc Tuy nhidn, fliyc te chottiay,cdng tdc ndy chua dugc quan tdm dflng mflc, chua dugc dau ta hpp Iy ndn nhilu nguon tdi nguydn tdi tgo cua dit nudc dang ti^ dd suy g i ^ mgnh vd sd Iugng cung nhu chit lupng Nguin nudc, tdi nguyen rflng, ngudn Igi thfly sdn ngdy cang suy gidm, thgm chf vdi tic dp nhanh hon Mdt sd ngudn tdi ydn tdi tgo bj suytiiodi,cgn ki|t qua mflc din mit khd ndng tdi tgo, phuc hdi r Tifip chf C^ng i Bdi hpc vd "Idi nguyen tai nguyen" dang cdnh tinh cac qudc gia cd Igi the ve ngudn tdi nguyen khdng tdi tao Ddu khf, than, cdc Ioai Idiodng sdn cfla dit nudc dang gidm din trfl lugng vd sd cim kidtttongthdi gian tdi Ngudn thu tii tdi nguyen khdng tdi tao chua duge sfl dung mdt cdch bin vftng, lgi Ieh thu dupc ta ngudn tdi nguyen chua dugc phdn bd mdt cdch hgp ly, hai hda Ngudi dan d nhung nai khai thae tdi nguySn chua dugc hudng Igi mdt cdch xflng dang, cdn chiu nhieu dnh hudng bit Igi ta vide khai thdc tdi nguyen gdy Diu ta tim kiem, md rdng hogt dpng khodng sdnranudc ngodi, phdt trien cdc ngudn tdi nguydn tdi tgo, nguyen, nhidn vdt lipu thay thd Cling chua dugc quan tam dflng mflc Hdu hit chit thdi chua dugc tai chd, tdi tao, thu hdi ndng Iugng dl sfl dyng nhdm gidm mpt phdn dp lye ldn edc ngudn tai nguydn thidn nhien GiSi phap khde phuc D I khac phyctinhttgngnay,ttdneo sd th6 ehd hda ddng bp vd kjp thdi cdc chfl truong, djnh hudng cfla Ddng ndu cdc vdn kipn qua cdc ky Dgi hgi, cac nghj guylt cfla Trung uong, nhdt Id Nghi quydt sd 24-NQ/ TW vl Chu dgng ung phd vai biin ddi hgu, tdng cudng qudn ly tdi nguyen vd bdo v^ moi niedng,^ cin thyc hi^n ddng bp nhidu gidi phdp, cy the Id: T^ii-n/id/,tayentmydn, gido dye, nang eao nhdn thflc vl vai ttd, tim quan tipng va yeu cdu khai thdc, sfl dyng hpp ly, hipu qud vd bin viing tdi nguyen Tai nguydn cdn dupe nhin nhgn, ddnh gid dung vai ttd la ngudn vdn, ddu vao cfla nen kinh tl, Id tdi sdn qudc gia ed han, phdi duge (3) S6 MM thdng k£ cua Ngan hing The gioi cho thiy, n ^ g suit sii dyng nudc (tinh theo khoi luting nudc sit dyng d6 t^o 2.000 USD GDP) cua Vi?t Nam chi tuong duong voi Lio, bing 1/4 so voi tnmg binh cua the gidi, bing 1/4 cua Thii Lan va In-do-ne-xi-a v i chi bing 1/938 ciia Xin-ga-po - nudc cd nSng suit sii dyng nudc cao nhit trgn the gidi (Theo Bio cio Chi so phit tn^n the gidi, Ngan hing The gidi, 2013) SOS62 ( t t i i i i i o S n u m 2014) 19 Quan triet va tiiuc hien Nghi quyet V^ hpi XI cua Dang khai thdc, sfl dung tiet Idem, hidu qua va bin vfing; coi vide khai thdc, sfl dyng hpp Iy, hidu qua tai nguyen la mpt nhung thudc ddnh gia chat Iupng tdng trudng kinh te de khae phuc tinh trang chay theo thdnhtichtang trudng bang vide khai thdc qua muc cdc ngudn tdi nguyen Vdn dd sd hiiu, quydn khai thdc, chd dp sfl dung tai nguyen can duge nhgn thflc mdt cdch sau sac, dung ddn, phu hpp vdi thd che kinh td thi tmdng, qua dd hinh thdnh ca ehdtidpcan, trdch nhidm qudn Iy, chd dp khai thdc phfl hgp nhdm phdt huy tdt nhdt ngudn Iyc tai nguyen cho phdt tridn kinh td - xa hdi, ddng thdi chfl trpng vide bdo vd cdc ngudn tai nguyen Phat huy vai tro cfla cae phuong tien thdng tin dgi chflng ttong vide ndng cao nhgn thuc vd sfl dyng hop Iy, hi^u qud vd bdn viing tdi nguyen; thilt ldp ca chd tiifch hpp, tgo didu kien dd nhan ddn tham gia hoac hd trg dde lyc cho viee giam sat, qudn Iy tai nguyen, diu tranh, ngdn chdn eae hdnh vi gay suy thodi tdi nguyen Thu hai, day manh cdng tac didu tra, ddnh gid tilm nang, ttii lugng, gia tri kinh tl, hgch toan, thidt lap co sd dfl lieu, tdi khoan cdc ngudn tdi nguyen cfla ddt nude Quan triet quan diem didu tra co ban phai di trudc mdt budc, can tap trung ddy manh diduttaCO ban, ddnh gia chat lupng, tilm nang cde logi tdi nguyen cfla dit nude; tiing budc xde dinh, ddnh gid cdc gia tri kinh tl ddi vdi cde logi tdi nguyen; thyc hien vide hgch toan tdi nguyen ddu vao cho tang tmdng kinh tl va tiing budc thidt lap tdi khoan qude gia v8 tdi nguydn dit, nudc, khodng sdn, rflng, thfly sdn Chudn hda co sd dfl lieu, tang cudng cdng tac quan Iytiidngtin, du lieu vl tai nguyen dap flng yeu ciu phuc vy hogch dinh chinh sach quan Iy tai nguydn, phat triln kinh tl - xa hpi Thu ba, thue day chuyen ddi md hinh tang ttndng, tdi co cdu nin kinh tl theo hudng tang tiirdng xanh Thdng qua tiep tuc diy mgnh qud trinh ehuyen ddi co ciu ngdnh, co ciu vung, eo ciu 20 Sd 862 (thdng ndm 2014) ¥9p