TAP CHi KHOA HOC QUAN Vi GlAO DUC ?̂ Sd 02/2014 GIAO DUC GIA DiNH CAI NOI HJNH T H A N H NHAN CACH CON NGU''''ai VIET NAM NGUYEN TH! TRANG *̂ ddi trong Ijch su phat trien cua'''' ddt nudc Gido dye gia dinh[.]
TAP CHi KHOA HOC QUAN Vi GlAO DUC ?^ Sd 02/2014 GIAO DUC GIA DiNH - CAI NOI HJNH T H A N H NHAN CACH CON NGU'ai VIET NAM NGUYEN TH! TRANG ^* TOM TAT Giio due gia dinh cOa ngwdi Vigt Nam hidn li sw ki thira, phit triin nhirng gli tri truyin thong tit dgp vi tiip thu, chgn Igc nhu'ng gli tn tw twdng tien tiin eua thdl dgi Trong thdi ky doi mdi, giao due gia dinh Vigt Nam cd nhiiu thdi ca vi thich thire dat Nhin thuv diy dO, sau sie vai trd cOa giio due gia dinh, de mue tieu, ndi dung, giii phip nhim xiy dwng, phit triin nhin cich ngwdi eong dan chin ehinh li diiu hit sire quan trgng co y nghTa siu sic cdng cugc xiy dwng vi phit triin dit ntrdc Trong Ijch su phdt triln xa hOi, gia dinh cd vaiti-dddc biet quan trgng Bdi vi tu gia dinh eon ngudi sinh vd trudng thdnh ea ve the ehit vd nhdn edeh Tim hilu ve gia dinh va chdc ndng giao dye cua gia dinh Vidt Nam dli vdi vide hinh va phat triln nhdn each eon ngudi Viet Nam nhdm khai thde, k l thua vd phdt triln nhdng ylu to truyin thong tich cye cua cha dng ta trude ddy ddi vdi viec ren Iuyen, gido dye the he tre giai doan hipn Id mOt vipe Idm cd y nghTa sdu sac cdng cuOc xdy dyng va phdt tridn dit nudc ngudi Viet Nam KHAI QUAT NHU'NG NQI DUNG C a BAN COA GIAO DUC GIA DJNH VIET NAM TRUYEN T H N G Xd hpi Viet Nam truyin thong ed sy ton tgi Idu dai cua nln van minh ndng nghiep lua nude Sy on djnh eua td chuc xd hOi ndng thdn va san xuat theo hO gia dinh mang tinh chat tu cung, ty d p Id dgc diem tin tgi Idu ••' Thgc ST Tru-dng Ogi hpc XSy dyng Mien TSy ddi Ijch su phat trien cua' ddt nudc Gido dye gia dinh truyin thing Vigt Nam ehju anh hudng nhieu cua hg tu tudng Nho giao vd Phdt giao Gia dinh giu vai trd ehu ylu, ca ban vige hinh nhdn edeh ngudi Chi trd mOt so rat it em gia dinh khd gia, quan lgi dge biet lam mdi ed em nhdn ddn lao ddng ddn trudng "Myc tieu cua gido dye gia dinh truyin thong theo cdeh ndi ndm na eua dng cha xua Id "dgy ndn ngwd? (Ld Ngpc Van, 1996) Gido dye gia dinh truyin thing ludn hudng eon edi phdt tridn thdnh ngudi hilu thao bilt kinh trdn nhudng dudi hien hdu, d n cQ chat phac, hay lam hay Idm Tham gia vdo gido dye tre ngodi eha mg, edn cd dng bd nOi ngoai cd dl chQ bdc ruOt thjt song gan gui mpt khu dit, mOt manh vudn, vd edn cd ca ddn ldng, Idi xdm eung cd vai trd gidm sdt dda tre, ho trg eho gia dinh Trong xa hOi Vipt Nam truyin thing ede ylu to ca ban, elt Idi vd thang gia tri cua mOt nhdn edeh khdng may phue tgp vd khdng cd sy dao lgn, bidn dOng thudng xuyen Cho nen gido dye gia dinh cQng khdng ggp nhung trd ngai gl ldn vide hinh thdnh va phdt triln nhung ylu t l nhdn cdch ea ban theo nOi dung: "Trai thdi tmng hilu Iam dau/ Gai thdi tilt hgnh Iam cdu trau minh" (Nguyen Oinh Chidu); xdy dyng tinh cam gan bd vdi gia dinh, cOng dong; yeu que huang dit nudc; ghet thdi chdy ludi, dya dim; Idn dn Idi sing ich ky, ca nhdn "song ehdt m$c bay tien thay dQt tQi" GIAO DUC GIA DINH TRONG THai KY Ddl Mai HIEN NAY NGUYSN THI TRANG TD' d l i mdi, dit nyde ta chuyin sang nln kinh t l thi trydng dinh hydng xa hgi chu nghTa, cDng vdi sy biln d l i mgnh me cDa ca xa hOi, gia dinh cOng dang biln doi ngiy cing sau sic Do sy thay d l i cic quan hg v i cSc hO thing gia tri x i hOi boi canh toin c i u hda nin v i n d l giio due gia dinh cQng dang dD'ng trydc nhO'ng biln d l i manh me Nlu trydc diy chu y l u la gia dinh truyin thing (3 t h i h# ) thi cau tnjc gia dinh hign It nhan khiu It t h i h§ (gia dinh hat nhin) ngiy cing p h i biln, tuli tho cua ngudi gia ngiy cing ting, tlnh da dgng, nhilu ehilu cua c i nhin gia dinh cQng hit sile phong phD Sy da dgng hda v l nginh nghi d i n den tlnh trgng rit It gia dinh c6 sy ding nhit v l nghi nghigp, k l ca d ndng thon cDng khdng cdn mly gia dinh thuin toy lim ndng nghiep Tlnh phong phD, CO dpng ve nghe nghigp treng gia dinh theo sy dilu tilt eua co c h l thj trydng d i tgo nen sy gia ting v i thu nhip ehenh i^ch khic nhau, dpe l^p vdi cua cic thinh vien treng gia dinh Nln kinh t l theo co c h l thj trydng rO ring da tgo dilu kien eho lye lypng san xuit phit triln, san phim x i hOi ngiy cing nhilu, co sd vat chit hg ting dype cDng c l , Idn mgnh nhanh chdng, cic m$t vin hda, giio dye, khoa hge kT thu^t, dypc md rpng v i nang cao Bin cgnh nhO'ng tic dpng tich eye, nhO'ng co hpi phit trien mdi, giip dye gia dinh Vigt Nam cDng dang dyng trudc nhieu nguy eo v i thich thuc "Do l i tlnh trgng ly hdn cd xu hudng ting cao; ngogi tinh; sing chung khdng kit hdn; to ngn mgi dim; tinh dye dong gidi; tlnh trgng tre em nghidn hot; tre em hu, phgm tpi, iang thang ed xu hydng ting; bac lyc gia dinh; budn bin phy nD'; bit blnh ding gidi; mua bin hdn nhin ed y l u t l nydc ngoii; xu hydng tdn sDng tiln bgc quan hO giya ngydi vdi ngydi" (Nguyin Linh Khilu, 2011); dang tic dpng d i n tO'ng cgng ding, tOp thi, c i nhin, bao higu mpt sy xuIng eip v l dgo due, die biOt l i d l i vdi t h i he thilu nien, 3, NHU'NG VAN o £ DAT RA D | VOi GIAO OgC GIA DiNH HIEN NAY Thie nhit, cDng vdi qui trinh toin ciu hda, sy bDng no cDa cdng nghg thong tin, hO thing truyin thdng da phyong tien, mpt mjt tgo dilu kiOn eho cic bOe eha mg ning eao hilu bilt v l mpi m$t, cd nhung tri thuc v l giio dye gia dinh Thi hg tre cd nhung dilu kiOn thuOn ipi d l trau doi kiln thyc van hda, khoa hpe ky thuOt, tin hpc, ngogi ngO' tgi gia dinh Nhyng mat khac, bung n l thdng tin, nhilu logi phim anh, bing hinh, dTa nhac, sich truygn vdi nhO'ng ngi dung khong linh mgnh, kich dOng lli sing bgo lyc, yeu cuong song vpi, d l eao qui myc lli sing tieu dung, eii tdi thypng d l giy tac hgi khOng nhp dli vdi t h i hO tre CDng qua eie phyong tign thdng tin, lli sing eua x i hgi phyong Tiy vdi cic miu hinh gia dinh xa Ig vdi vin hda truyin thing Hing ngiy, hing gid xim nhip vao nydc ta eing lim cho v i n d l gia dinh v i giio due gia dinh trd nen phD'C tgp hon Thu' hai, qui trinh hgi nh§p kinh t l quic t l , toin eiu hoi v i phit triln kinh t l thj trudng, ben cgnh nhO'ng tic dpng tieh cyc, cung CO khOng It nhOng tac dOng tiiu cue dli vdi giio dye gia dinh d hign Cic thinh vien gia dinh dang dan dan tham gia boat dgng san xuit ehu yeu ben ngoii khuon kho gia dinh, mpt b | phgn cha mg khong du ning lye, tri thuc d i p dng vdi yeu eiu mdi giio dye t h i hg tre Uy tin eua cha mg bj yy tin cua nhi trudng cgnh tranh, vi dd la noi dam bao nhilu han cho sy tiln thin cua t h i he tre Chya k l mOt s l bio cha me don hit tam lyc vio viOc tien thin, thinh dgt TAP CHl KHOA HOC QUAN LY GIAO DUC gidu cd bd bd vige gido dye, chdm sdc edi Thir ba, hign su kit hgp giua gido dye gia dinh gido dye nhd trudng vd xa hOi cdn Idng leo, hipu qua thdp ndn mdt mgnh cua moi thilt chl chua dupc phdt huy, b l sung eho qua trinh gido dye thi hd tre Gido dye nhd trudng thudng thidn v l truyin dgt nhdng tri thdc khoa hge, k? thudt chuyen mdn nghigp vy Ma chua ehQ trpng dQng mdc din gido dye eho hpc sinh nhung kiln thue tdp thd, tri thuc "ldm ngudi" "hge an, hpc ndi hpc gdi, hge md" Gido dye xd hOi thdng qua ede td ehde dodn hdi ehu ylu quan ly hOi vidn, thudng ylu v l nil dung, nghdo ndn v l hlnh thuc td ehue V l phia gia dinh, mOt so bgc eha mp ehua nhgn thuc dung tim quan trpng eua gido dye gia dinh ndn cd tu tudng phd mdc cho giao dye nhd trudng cd ehdng chT din hpp phy huynh nlm kit qua hgc tap tiidng qua dilm s l Vl vgy, tdng cudng su phdi hpp ede Iye lupng gido dye vide eham sdc vd gido dye t h i he tre, cd y nghTa hit sde to Idn Sy thdnh cdng gido dye ehi cd t h i dgt duge kit qua tli uu ede ylu to he thing gido dye gia dinh - nhd trudng - xa hOi thong nhlt vdi v l mye tieu, nOi dung vd phuang phdp MUC TIEU, V! TRI, PHiraNG PHAP NANG CAO C H A T LU'aNG GIAO DUC GIA DINH 4.1 Mifc tieu cua giao due gia dinh Myc tidu cua gido due gia dinh cua nhd trudng vd xd hOi d Vipt Nam Id thong nhat Od Id: "Nhlm xdy dyng eon ngudi vd t h i hd thilt tha gin bd vdi ly tudng dOe ldp dan tOe va chu nghTa xa hOI, cd dao due sdng, ed y chi kien eudng xdy dyng va bao vd t l quoe; edng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda dit nude; gin giu vd phat huy cdc gid tri van hod cua dan tOe, cd nang lyc tilp thu tinh hoa Sd 02/2014 vdn hod nhdn logi; phdt huy tilm ndng cua ddn tdc vd eon ngudi Viet Nam, ed y thue eOng ddng vd phdt huy tlnh tich eye cua ed nhdn ldm ehu tri thdc vd khoa hpe cdng nghp hidn dai, ed tu sdng tgo, cd ky ndng thye hanh gidi, ed tdc phong cdng nghigp, ed tinh to ehde vd ky ludt; ed sue khoe, la nhdng ngudi thda k l xdy dung Chu nghTa xa hOi vua "hong" vua "ehuyen" nhu Idi can dgn eua Bdc Hd (Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, 1997) 4.2 Noi dung chu ydu cua giao due gia dinh Giao dye gia dinh khdng phai Id cudn gido trinh hoan hao, cd hd thong, mang tinh hdn idm md phai dap dng, gial quyit nhung tinh huong ed t h i xay dilu kien sdng hipn Do dd, nOi dung gido dye gia dinh hit sdc phong phQ, da dang va linh hogt Tuy nhien, ed thd djnh nhung nOi dung ca ban cua giao dye gia dinh gom: Giio due dgo dire, loi song Nlu nhu gido dye dgo due, ldi sdng Id nOi dung cdt loi gido dye gia dinh Vigt Nam truyin thong, thi hien gido dye dgo ddc, ldi song van ddng val trd vd ciJng quan trgng vd dugc dgt d vj tri hdng dau Gido dye dgo ddc 111 sing cho t h i hd tre gia dinh nhdm xdy dyng y thde dgo due, ren luydn thdi quen va hanh vi dgo due, dd Id nhung phdm ehdt quan trgng nhlt cua nhan each ngudi Giao dye dgo ddc, loi sing gia dinh gdp phdn hinh Idng nhan di, thdi dO dQng dan vdi lao dOng, trdeh nhi^m doi vdi gia dinh vd xa hOI, bilt chdm Io lgi ieh eua gia dinh va ban thdn, ding thdi biet tdn trpng cOng ddng, tudn thu phdp ludt vd chuin myc xa hOi, biet ding cam vdi noi dau cua ngudi Giio due tri thirc Gido dye tri thuc eho thi hp tre Id mOt nOi dung quan trgng eua gido dye gia dinh Nlu khdng cd tri thue NGUYEN THj TRANG khdng cd sy hilu bilt thi khdng thi trd nhdng ngudi cd kha nang Idm chu ty nhidn, ldm chu xa hOi vd ldm chu ban thdn Trong gido dye tri thdc, gido dye hge tap eho the hd ti-e Id cdng vide ehQ ylu VI vdy tu nhd cha me d n giup eon tre xde djnh dQng myc dich dOng ea, thdi dp hpe tdp Hpc tdp Id mpt edng vigc quan trgng bdc nhlt ddi vdi cac em nhlm ndng eao kiln thue v l mgi mdt d l trudng thdnh trd thdnh ngudi huu ieh cho xd hgi DQ ed khd khdn, gia dinh cung phai ddnh cho tre nhung didu kidn thugn lgi nhlt cho hgc tdp, ddng thdi, phai thudng xuyen kilm tra, ddn die nhle nhd vigc hpe tdp eua cdi Khdng chi tidp thu nhdng tri thdc mOt each thy dOng, cha mp phai ren Iuyen cho tre tinh ndng dOng, sdng tgo, nhanh nhgy nam bit vd thich dng vdi mdi trudng Muln vdy, cha mg nen dgy do, hudng dan tre em biet ty Idp, ty hgc tu nhd, tgo cho tre y thdc ty giao dye, tu y thuc vuan Idn bdng sy no Iuc, sy sdng tgo cua minh Giio due lao dgng Giao dye Iao dOng eho thi hd tre Id mOt nOi dung, khdng thd thieu cua gido dye gia dinh Npi dung gido dye Iao dOng bao gIm: gido dye thdi dd, ky nang thdi quen, tlnh cam, ky lu^t lao dOng Giao dye cho tre thdi dO tdn trpng Iao dOng chan tay cQng nhu tri dc, vi Iao dOng ndo cQng diu tgo san phlm vgt chat va tinh than d n thilt cho gia dinh va xa hOi Lao dOng theo y thde ty nguypn, ty gidc, cd trach nhipm eao V l nhigm vy eua moi ngudi cdng ddn doi vdi Iao dOng, Hd Chi Minh vilt: "Lao dOng Id nghTa vy thieng lieng cua mli ngudi cdng ddn d l i vdi To quoc Ai cQng phai theo kha nang cua mtnh md ty nguydn, ty gide tham gia Iao dpng gdp phdn xdy dyng nudc nha" ( H i Chi Minh, 1995) Nhd giao dye Xd vilt V.A.Xu-khdm-Iin-xki ndi: "Ldng yeu Iao dOng - mOt ddc didm bde nhlt eua bO mdt dgo due ngudi dugc gido dye tot qud trinh ddi sing tinh thin, tue Id ddi sdng tri tue, cam xQc vd y chi" (V.A.Xu-khdm-Iin-xki, 1997) Giio due swe khoe, thim my Gido dye sdc khoe Id gido dye cho t h i he tre gia dinh thdy sy d n thilt, quan trpng eua sdc khoe doi vdi moi ngudi cung nhu doi vdi xd hOi, td dd cd y thue vd thdi quen chu dpng giu gin, rdn luyen vd nang eao sue khde ban than vdi nhung ndi dung ea ban nhu: dn uIng, giu gin vd smh ca nhdn, giu gin vd sinh cOng dong sdc khoe gidi tinh luyen tdp thi dye, the thao, Gido dye thdm my nhdm giup thi he tre bilt cam thy edi dpp, phdn biet dugc cdi dpp vd cdi xlu, cdl thipn edi dc ddi sdng, hogt dOng vd quan hp ung xu cua eon ngudi, eua eOng ding xa hOi, gido dye tlnh yeu cai dgp, bilt eo vu va phln diu vi cdi dep thye hdnh edi dep Giio due gidl tinh Chung ta ed thd hieu, gido dye gidi tinh Id he thong cdc bien phdp tdm, sinh Iy nhdm gido due thd he tre ed thdi dp dQng ddn ddi vdi cde van dd v l gidi vd gidi tinh Gido dye gidi tinh la tao dieu kidn eho sy phdt trien hdl hda cua thd hp tre, eho sy hlnh thdnh dly du gid tn ehde ndng sinh san, cho vide nang cao nhdng kiln thue v l tinh dye hgc Theo A.Ma-ea-ren-cd "gido dye gidi tinh dupc xem Id mOt nhung vdn d l khd nhat cua khoa hgc giao dye" (A.Ma-ea-rencd, 1998) 6ng cdn eho rang, ehua mOt vdn dd ndo Iai bj ngudi ta Iam cho trd rac rdi vd ehua cd vdn d l ndo cd nhieu y kiln sai lech nhu vin d l ndy d n phai cd sy kit hgp ddng bO giua giao dye gia dinh, nha trudng va xd hOi 4.3 Phuang phap giao due gia dinh Phuong phdp gido dye gia dinh rat Imh hoat, tQy vao tdng ddi tupng, hoan eanh, mdi TAP CHl KHOA HQC QUAN LY GIAO DUC trudng khdc md moi gia dinh ed nhung phuang phdp gido due khdc nhung cd thi khdi qudt thdnh nhung phuang phap ehung ea ban sau ddy: Giio due bing tlnh cim, thdng qua tinh edm Ody Id t h i mgnh cua giao dye gia dinh Td m l i quan hp rudt thjt, quan hp vp chong, da tgo ndn nhung tlnh cam ddc bipt d l cam hda, gido dye ngudi md khdng d dau ngodi gia dinh c6 dugc Od Id phuang phdp gido dye dOe ddo, thdn thidn md kit qua lgi vd eQng to Idn Cha mg ludn Id ngudi khdng tile edng sue dgy bao, hudng dan eon edi, eon edi ed hdnh vi sai ti-di, chua dung, chua tdt, ehua dpp thi phdn tieh, khuydn bao bing ldi le, kidn tri, nhdn ngi cho din chQng ldm dupc Gido dye gia dinh bdng tinh cam, thdng qua tinh cam Id dac trung noi bdt cua gido dye gia dinh Tuy nhidn, mgt so bgc cha me vl tinh thuang eon din din tlnh trgng nudng chieu qud mdc, td dd bao bipn, ldm thay, Idm hgn che tinh ty ldp eua the hO tre Mat khde, gia dinh qud nudng chieu se Idm cho chung sinh tinh ich ky, chi bilt ddl hdi chd khdng thly nghTa vy cua minh Giio due thong qua lao dgng vi bing lao ddng Ody td hinh thdc giao dye gia dinh mang tinh thilt thye, thye tien vd thyc t l , Id dac dilm uu trOi eung Id t h i mgnh cua moi gia dinh Ngay td nhd, cha me Iudn gin gui bilt tap cho tre Idm vide theo sue eiJa minh, phan cdng Iao dOng theo Ida tudi d l cho tre ty y thue dupe gid tn eua Iao dOng eua ngudi khde eQng nhu cua ban thdn Od Idn Idn cd y thuc lao dOng nudi sing ban than, ed trach nhiem vdi gia dinh va xa hOi Cd lao dpng mdi bilt thuang ydu ngudi Iao dOng, mdi biet quy trpng san phlm Iao dOng ndi chung Giio due gia dinh bing phwang phip ndu gwang Thdng qua tai nghe, mdt thly nhung hdnh ddng, nhung vigc Idm ma dng bd, b l mp, anh ehj md the he tre ed the tiep thu mOt cdch nhanh chdng vd ed hipu qua nhung vin d l cupc sing nhu cdeh dng xu, vide Idm, dgo dire, edeh song Do dd, cha mp Iudn Idm guang cho tre noi theo tiidng qua Iao dOng, quan hp ung xu vdi mgi ngudi gia dinh cQng nhu quan he xd hOi, nip song, sinh hogt cQng nhu tinh thin hgc tdp khdng mdt moi d l ndng cao tilnh dO eua minh Chinh vi t h i diu an nhan cdch, dgo ddc l l i sing cua eha mp, anh ehj duge tai hign d hdnh dpng eua thd hd tre Giio due bing phwang phip phin hda vi ci bidt hda Nlu nhu gido dye xa hOi, nhd trudng cd nhung phuang phdp toi uu cd thi phdt triln tre em todn didn nhung chi Id phuang phdp chung cho t i t ca hpe sinh, edn gia dinh Id nai md ngudi cha, ngudi mp gin gQi, hilu tinh cdch, sd thich eua tung ngudi eon cua minh se cd phuang phdp giao dye khde Nd ddi hdi nhdng ngudi thdn gia dinh, dng ba, cha mp, anh ehj phai ndm vung nhdng dde diem cua em d l vdn dyng linh hogt, mem deo ede phuang phdp gido dye TAI UEU THAM K H A O A.Ma-ca-ren-cd (1978), Ndi chuy$n vi giio due gia dinh, Nxb Kim Olng, Hd NOI Oang COng san Vipt Nam (1997), VSn kiin hii nghi lin thir hai Ban chip hinh Trung wang khda VIII, Nxb Chinh trj qude gia, Hd NOi Le Nggc Vdn (1996), Gia dinh Vigt Nam vdi chirc nang xS h^i hda Nxb gido dye Nguyen Linh Khilu (31/04/2011), Giio dgc Vi$t Nam vdi chdc nang giio due gia dinh bii canh toin eiu hda, Bdo Olng Nai H i Chi Minh todn tgp (1995), tdp 8, Nxb Chinh til quic gia, Hd NOi NGUYEN TH! TRANG V.A.Xu-khdm-lin-xki (1997) Giio due thii di? cdng sin dii vdi lao dgng, Nxb Thanh Nidn, Hd NOi ABSTRACT Currently, family education of the Vietnamese is the inheritance, development of good traditional values and the acquirement, selection of progressive ideas of time During the renovation period, Vietnamese family education has many opportunities and challenges Fully aware of the profound role of family education, setting targets, content and solutions to build, develop the personality of righteous citizen is very Important, having profound significance in the construction and development of the country In the history of society development, the family plays an particulariy important role For the human was bom and matured both in physic and personality from the family Study about the family and education function of Vietnamese families for the formation and development of the human personality in order to exploit, inherit and develop the positive traditional elements of our ancestors for training and educating the young generation in the current period is a profound, significant work in the construction and development of Vietnamese country and people ... (Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, 1997) 4.2 Noi dung chu ydu cua giao due gia dinh Giao dye gia dinh khdng phai Id cudn gido trinh hoan hao, cd hd thong, mang tinh hdn idm md phai dap dng, gial quyit nhung... giua giao dye gia dinh, nha trudng va xd hOi 4.3 Phuang phap giao due gia dinh Phuong phdp gido dye gia dinh rat Imh hoat, tQy vao tdng ddi tupng, hoan eanh, mdi TAP CHl KHOA HQC QUAN LY GIAO... dye gia dinh - nhd trudng - xa hOi thong nhlt vdi v l mye tieu, nOi dung vd phuang phdp MUC TIEU, V! TRI, PHiraNG PHAP NANG CAO C H A T LU''aNG GIAO DUC GIA DINH 4.1 Mifc tieu cua giao due gia