lAO DUC GIA DiNH ^ GIAO DUC GIA DINH diem nhan quan trpng cua hoat dong khuyen hoc HO HUONG WhQng hoat ddng gido due (GD) da dang didn hdng ngdy cdc cpng ddng xa hpi (XH) cua chung ta thudng dUde quy thdnh bp phdn cd ban Id GD nhd trUdng, GD gia dinh (GD) vd GD xa hdi (XH) Mdi bp phdn deu cd vai trd vd chQc ndng ridng khdng t h i t h a y t h i cho nhau, nhUng ca deu hudng den mdt muc tidu chung Id xay dQng vd phdt t r i l n ngudn iQc Con NgQdi phuc vu cho sQ phdt triln kinh t l - xa hdi (KT-XH) Npi dung vd phUdng phdp GD cua tQng bd phdn ndi chung Id khdng gidng nhau, nhOng cung khdng khdc bidt mpt cdch tuyet ddi, vi deu thdng nhat djnh hQdng chung cua nguydn ly GD xd hpi chu nghTa ma Luat GD da ndu Trong he thdng GD thi GD GD cd vai trd ddc bidt, vdi nhQng ddc trQng ridng, vd qud trinh van hdnh cua ca he thdng thi nd lai ludn Id d i l m tOa quan trpng cho ca hai bd phdn cdn lai Nhu chQng ta deu bid't, GD Id t l bao cua XH, Id thiet che XH ddc bidt qud trinh XH hda ngQdi vd qud trinh phdt trien KT- XH ndi chung Odd, mdi eon ngUdi dUde nudi dudng, chdm sdc, nUdng tQa sudt ca cudc ddi, to sinh cho dd'n IQc tQ gia cudc ddi Dd Id mdi trQdng quan trpng d l hinh thdnh nhdn cdch vd GD Idi sd'ng, bd sung nhQng tri thQc va ky ndng sd'ng cho mdi ngOdi Ddi vdi ngUdi Viet Nam chung ta thi GD mai mai la mpt gia tn ben vOng, trudng tdn, du XH cd bie'n doi, ca hidn trUdc nhQng tac dong tidu cue cua nen KT thi trudng GD GQ dupc hieu la toan bp nhOng tdc ddng tQ gidc, thQdng xuydn, cd he thdng vd ed muc dfch, tQ mdi trQdng GD dd'n sQ phdt triln todn didn eua mdi ngUdi, trUde h i t Id ve nhdn cdch, vd ddc bidt Id vdi Idp tre GD GD cd nhOng ddc trUng sau ddy: - Bat dau tQ dQa tre mdi ddi va theo sudt cudc ddi cua mpt ngudi - Ludn xuat phdt tQ tinh cam, vi ldi fch cua mdi ngUdi vd eua GD, khdng vi muc dfch vu ldi nao khdc - Gan lien vdi tQng ngQdi ndn rd't eu t h i va mang tfnh cd bidt - Phong phu, tdng hpp, vd cd tfnh phdi hdp cao, bdi sQ khdng thuan nhat cua cdc thdnh vidn GD - PhUdng phdp GD chu yd'u Id ndu gUdng, gidng gidi, thuyet phuc bang tinh cam vd hdnh vi Qng xQ, nhat Id hdnh vi gOdng m l u cua ngQdi Idn - HQdng tdi muc tidu cao nha't va xuydn sudt Id xdy dUng nhQng eon ngOdi mdi de ddp Qng dQdc vai trd ldm chu ddi vdi ban than, GD vd dd't nude, Nhu vay thi rd rdng Id GD XH vd GD nhd trUdng du cd quy md vd sQc manh rat to Idn, nhung cung khdng t h i thay thd dUde GD GD Trong mdt XH hidn dai thi he thdng cdc hoat ddng GD "tay 3" ndy ludn cd sQ phdi hdp nhjp nhdng, rat cd hidu qua, vd dd chinh Id dien mao cua XH hpc tap ma chung ta dang md Udc vd sQc xay dUng Hoat dpng khuye'n hpc (KH) la mpt tac nhan quan trpng tao nen sU phd'i ke't hdp Da cd nhQng ddng thdi KH hudng v l GD, de eao GD GD, ndi bat nhd't Id chu trUdng xdy dQng GD hieu hpe NhUng ddnh gid mdt each thQc chat thi cd le nhQng tdc ddng ndy chua du lieu lupng d l bid'n GD GD thdnh mdt d i l m nha'n hidu qua, dung vdi vi the' dac bidt cua GD GD he thdng GD ndi trdn Ldu nay, nhQng tdc ddng eua hoat ddng KH dd'n GD GD mdi chi d mQc dp tuydn truyen, kdu gpi, rdi ddn dpi k i t qua tQ thdn cua nd d l md khfch Id, khudeh trOPng Idn, chQ chOa di vdo boat ddng thOc tiin eua GD GD, chUa tao dupe chuyin bid'n ddng k l cho chd't lUdng GD GD Do dd da den luc phai ddt lai van de nay, nhat Id bdi canh mdi cua XH ta hidn nay, md GD va GD GD dang dQng trOde nhOng thdch thQc to Idn, khdng d i gi vQpt qua I That vdy, GD GD dang chiu mdt sQc dp khd ndng ne tQ sQ bid'n ddi vd chat IQdng cudc sdng GD todn XH trudc bdi canh mdi cua dd't nude NhQng cdn quan tdm dd'n sQ phdt trien ben vQng vd sQ trQdng ton cija GD, dd'n van menh cua dd't nude, thi deu phai lo lang, trdn trd nhin thay sU bid'n ddng cua ddi sdng GD, va kdo theo dd la sQchudnh choang, xudng cap cua GD GD tO nhieu chuc ndm Bdt dau tQ sQ chuyin ddi dQdng Id'i phdt trien KT-XH, tQ sQ thay ddi the che quan ly KT-XH, ma diem khac bidt ndi bat nhd't Id tQ nen KT tap trung bao cap chuyen sang nen KT thj trudng (TT), tQ XH nha nUdc hda chuyen sang XH cdng dan Dd la mot sUthayddiratcanban, matQddkeo DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO 6-2009 theo sQ b i i n ddi v l cdc chuan gia tri XH(ly tudng, sQ nghidp, dao ly, trdch nhidm, tinh ydu, hanh phuc, quan d i l m tham my, quan d i l m ve thidndc, dQc- tdi, Idi sd'ng, tdng trOdng KT, edng bang XH, ) Ngodi nhQng net tidn bd vd ede tdc ddng tfch cQc ddi vdi ddi sdng KT-XH so vdi thdi bao cap, thi cung thd'y ndi rd Idn khd nhieu nhOng hd luy tidu cQc vd nguy cd suy thodi Da Id nen K l I I (du Id ed djnh hudng XHCN) thi dUdng nhidn sU canh tranh ludn dUde coi Id quy luat tuyet ddi, ldi nhudn dUdc coi Id muc dich tdi thupng, vide Idm giau dupe khuyd'n khi'ch het cd vd hau nhu la vd dieu kidn - ke ca bang hdnh vi bdc lot tu ban chu nghTa, Trong vdng xody cua mdt XH thUdng trUdng khdc liet nhung day hap ddn nhu dang diin lau thi nhdn thQc ciJa ngQdi cung theo dd md thay ddi mdt cdch rd't tQ nhidn vd to gide: tdn thd dong tiert Nhieu ngQdi da vol cho rang: mpi gid tri vdt chat vd tinh than XH hidn ddu cd the mua bdn, trao ddi nhQ Id hdng hda trdn TT, ke ca cdng lao vd tdi ldi! Vd cung to dd ma da xuat hidn quan niem rat khdc la ve hinh mdu ngOdi thdnh dat XH hidn nay, khdng tUPng ddng vdi muc tidu GD md Ludt GD da ndu Than tUdng ma Idp tre dang theo dudi Id nhQng ngUdi giau cd, khdn ngoan, thQc thdi, cd Id'i sd'ng "sanh didu", khdng can bid't tu cdch that cilia hp Id the nao, khdng can bid't dQc vd tai cua hp cd hPn ngUdi khdng, khdng can bid't cdch lam giau eua hp cd dang hodng, chinh dang khdng, Mpt mat khdc, sU hpi nhdp van hda di theo cung vdi sU hpi nhdp KT da mang vao nUde ta day rdy nhOng yd'u td xa la cua vdn hda phUPng Tay, ma diem nhay cam ndng bdng nhd't la ldi sdng thUc dung, tU cd nhdn Id thui vj ky Nhu the Id bdi canh mdi thi tridt ly sdng dang thay ddi mdt each rd't cdn ban: tQ dao ly song Tmh Nghia, sdng vi cdng ddng, vl dan, vl nUdc, dang chuyen manh sang triet ly sd'ng VI tien, sdng cho ca nhan minh, \ DQdng nhidn sQ thay ddi d mdi ngUdi la khac ve mQc dp, nhUng nhanh vd manh me nhat cd le la Idp tre vd nhdm cQ dan hanh tien XH Ddy ed t h i coi Id tidu diem va cung Id diem khdi dau cua hdng loat nhQng thay ddi khdc ddi sdng KT- XH Dieu nguy hai ddng quan tdm Id sQ thay ddi ndy dang didn hdi XH ta vdn dang Id mdt XH t i i n Idn hidn dai nhOng chOa hodn chinh, dao ly vd phdp ludt chQa du sQc didu chinh dQdc hdnh vi cua ngudi NhOng thay ddi trQdc h i t da vd dang anh hodng trQc tidp dd'n ddi sdng GD Chat IQdng cudc sd'ng GD bj giam sut, gia phong bi bid'n dang, sQ binh yen vdn ed eija GD bj day lui nhanh ve qud khQ, Cd ngQdi da gpi sQ bid'n ddng ndy Id khung hoang GD: mQc sdng thi tdng Idn nhOng vdn hda sdng thi dang tha hda Trdn binh didn rdng cua ca nUde, GD truyen thd'ng (phu quydn, ddng con, nhilu the he, ) dang hudng manh tdi GD hidn dai md b i l u hidn trUde tidn Id sQ chuyen ddi sang md hinh GD hat nhdn (ft con, the he, ) Id so chuyen ddi nhanh sang Idi sdng hidn dai (mQc sdng, nhjp sdng, van hda sdng, deu khudn theo XH cdng nghidp, tidu dung, giau cd, ) SQ chuyen ddi hdy bilu hidn tap trung d nhQng ddi thay vd chUc nang cua GD Thdng thQdng thi GD chung ta vdn ludn thQc hidn chQc nang cd ban Id: chQc nang tdi San xua't XH (tdi sinh san), chQc nang KT, chQc ndng GD va chQc ndng van hda Cdc chQc ndng ndy neu dope thOc hidn cdn ddi, hdi hda vd cd chdt IQdng thi GD cija chung ta se phdt trien ben vQng vd tdt dep NhOng hidn vide thQc hidn cdc chQc ndng ndy dang cd nhQng thay ddi bat thQdng rat nhieu GD, ma xu hQdng chung la: chQc ndng nao cung thQc hidn khdng day du vd cd chd't lOdng, thdm chf Id bj meo md, sai lech di, chQc ndng KT ld'n dt cdc chQc ndng khde, chQe ndng vdn hda bj xem nhe, chQc nang GD bj giam sut n g h i e m trpng, He qua rd nhat Id ddi sdng GD bi xdo trdn, sQ gan ket GD trd ndn Idng leo, nhieu bieu hidn tieu cQc trudc ehi la chuydn cd bidt thi dang trd nen phd bien den mQc nhQc nhdi, nhat Id nhQng vi pham ve dao ly va trdch nhidm cdc quan J8 DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO 6-2009 he vd- chdng, bd me- cdi, Tat ca nhQng gi dang xay ddi sdng GD hidn deu gay nhQng tdc dpng xau dd'n chat IQdng GD GD vd cung Id he qua xd'u cua chat IQdng GD GD yd'u kdm, dang Id thdch thQc rat Idn ddi vdi GD GD GD GD hidn dang phai ddi mat vdi nhieu lung tung, khd khan, bat cap khd la cd ban, chang ban: - Npi dung GD GD ehUa dUde xdc dinh rd rang, phUdng phdp cua GD GD chUa dUde hudng ddn eu t h i Do dd vide thQc hidn chQc ndng GD d cdc GD nhin chung Id rd't lung tung, ddn dd'n tidn, Idm dope dd'n ddu thi cQ Idm, khdng cd chuan, khdng cd ngOdng, rat khd ddnh gid hidu qua Dung IdchUa cd mpt tdi lieu khoa hpc GD chfnh thdng ndo v i i t ve GD GD, chUa cd mdt cO quan chuydn mdn ndo phu trdch hudng ddn thQc hidn boat dpng GD GD, nholdvdi GD nha trOdng NhOng gi chung ta da bie't dope ve GD GD hinh nhO deu mdi Id nhOng y kien bdn thao, trao ddi, cdn Id te vd phien didn, chOa du dp day vd sdu d l hinh thdnh mdt ly luan khoa hpc ve GD GD - ChUa ed dUde mdt cP c h i phdi k i t hdp "tay 3" thQc sQ cd hidu iQc vd mang lai hidu qua rd ndt ddi vdi chat lupng GD ndi chung, md dd GD GD phdt huy dung vai trd Id mpt diem nhan quan trpng SO phd'i ket hdp hidn dang dQa trdn cd sd tQ nguydn, to tim d i n vdi nhau, chO chQa cd ed sd phdp ly rd rdng, chOa phai Id mdt quy trinh chat che Vd cP quan chOc ndng theo ddi van dd GD vd GD GD thi cd Id chQa du sOc d l dam doong dope nhidm vu, trOdc het Id ve uy tfn khoa hpc - Trong dd thi trinh dp ddn tri cija XH ta ndi chung cdn thd'p so vdi ydu cau cao cija GD GD Hidn rd't nhieu GD ngUdi ta da cam thd'y rd't lung tung vide trd giup cdi hpc hdnh, tu dudng dao dQc eon chi mdi hpc phd thdng thdi, cdn ddi vdi cdc ydu cau hpc cao hdn va da dang hdn cua cdc thdnh vidn khac thi dung Id cdn xa vdi Vd da ed rat nhieu GD dang that sO bd't IQc trOdc cac hidn tUdng hu hdng cija cai - Cung chi'nh vi trinh dp ddn tri thd'p, cung vdi su hudng d i n khdng kjp thdi vd thieu tfnh thiet thUc cua cd quan chQc nang, md GD GD da khdng tQ lUc giai quye't dUdc nhQng khd khan thudng xuyen phat sinh hoat dpng Chang han nhU: Khdng lam the ndo d l thQc hidn dupe hai hda ca chQc nang cd ban cua GD, han chd dope sQ lan dt cua chQc ndng KT ddi vdi chQc nang GD Trong cdc GD ngheo thi bd me phai Idn iQng vd cat lUc ma kiem sdng, khdng cdn thi gid va tdm sQc de cham sdc vide hpc hanh cija cdi, dd cdi cQ cdng hpe kem di, phai "ngdi nham Idp", rdi bd hpc, Cdn cdc GD giau cd thi bd me cQ mai md vdi chuydn kidm that nhieu tien ma bd be vide GD cdi, de cho eon cdi cdng lun sdu vdo eon dudng hu hdng Hoac nhU: Khdng tim dUdc bidn phdp GD phu hpp vdi tQng thdnh vidn GD ma GD khdng the ndm bat dope day dij vd chuan xdc boat dpng thudng cua cdc vien, hp tham gia boat dpng san xud't XH d ben ngodi khudn khd GD, ke ca cdc chdu dang tudi di hpe (khde vdi d GD truyen thdng thdi trudc day) Ma nhdn each thi thudng bilu hidn hanh vi Hoac nhU: Rd't khd sQ dung phQdng phdp GD bang ndu gOdng mpt cdch phd bid'n vd cd hidu qua, vi hidn khd nhilu GD vdn thQdng xuydn xay cdc hdnh vi khdng gOdng m l u , thdm chf la ho hong, cija ngOdi Idn md khdng cd each ban c h i Hodc nhO: Nhieu GD dang that sQ be tdc vd dd dd bd qua vide GD ddng ed hpc tap vd hQdng nghidp cho Idp tre, vi ban thdn ngQdi Idn cung khdng the ndo ly giai dOde vd van nhQng nghjch ly cua sQ phdt then KT- XH hidn nay, vi thQc tiin dang rat khdc xa nhQng didu rao gidng ly thuyet, khdc xa ly ludn vd niem tin truyen thdng Rd rdng la GD GD dang rat can sU trd giup cua toan XH, trUdc het va dang tin cay nhat la td chQc Hpi KH cdc cap Co le tQ bay gid, hoat dpng KH nen coi GD GD la mot trpng diem can den sO tac dpng thudng xuyen cua minh, de tQ day ma cd the cham lo eu thd hPn nQa cho GD GD TrUdc mat, cd le GD GD dang can sQ trd giup cua boat dpng KH cdc vide nhO: - Tham gia xdc djnh ndi dung eua GD GD cho phu hpp vdi "sd trQdng" va "sd doan" eua GD Viet Nam: Trong tQng ndi dung GD cdc mat cua nen GD ndi chung thi ndn hodng cho GD GD nhQng ndi dung ndo (GD chi'nh tri, dao dOc va ldi sdng, GD tri thQc van hda khoa hpc, GD ky thuat va tay nghe, GD lao dpng, GD the chat, GD tham my, ) Vd vdi tQng npi dung dd thi ndn giao cho GD GD cdng doan ndo: GD khdi dau de tao nen tang, GD bd sung, td chQc thQc hanh, ren luydn, kiem chOng, td chQc ddnh gia vd nghidm thu hieu qua, Hoac trOde nhQng bid'n ddi KT-XH hidn cd nhOng ndi dung GD todn didn can dope bd sung vd tang eUdng, nhUng xet tha'y hai bd phdn thQc hidn khdng x u l hodc ehUa tdt thi cung ndn giao thdm choGD GDcung Idm (vf du: GD lao ddng, GD tfnh tU lap va y thOc cpng ddng, GD ky nang sdng, GD sQc khde sinh san vj nidn, ) - To chOc tap huan den tan cdc GD ve ndi dung vd phUPng phdp GD GD vd nhOng van de lidn quan Can ddc bidt quan tdm dd'n chOc ndng vd trdch nhidm cua ngudi chi huy cdc boat ddng GD GD (chij GD) cae npi dung hud'n luydn chuydn mdn - Chi dao that tdt phong trdo xdy dQng GD hieu hpc (chu y ke't hdp vdi phong trdo xdy dQng GD vdn hda) d l qua dd rut dQdc nhOng bdi hpc thiet thQc cho GD GD - Hdi KH cd t h i chu dpng td chQc nhQng dd tdi nghien cOu khoa hpc ve GD GD, hOdng vao nhOng vOdng mdc phd bid'n cija GD GD hidn nay, Du XH Viet Nam cd phdt trien hidn dai dd'n dau thi v i n phai dQa trdn n i n tang ed ban Id GD Vdn hda GD vdn ludn la cdi ngudn sQc manh cija dat node GD GD vdn ludn Id bd phdn quan yd'u cija he thdng cdc boat dpng GD ciJa toan XH Hoat ddng KH ne'u bie't dUa vd GD GD, coi dd la diem nha'n quan trpng thi chle chdn se cd them sue manh mdi va se tao them dUdc nhOng tUu mdi sQ mang ve vang cija minh Khuyen khfch (Tiep theo trang 60) Ndi chung, mpi sQ gap deu d chd hod hdp, sQ hod hdp giOa ddi ben khdng the gOdng dp, ne'u xa rdi dao li, vQt bd dao nghTa de theo dudi cdi khdng the hod hdp, md lai bdt dp ngodi ta phdi tdn trpng minh, nho the chang phai la khd khan sao? cho ndn ngOdi thay nhd't djnh phai ldm cho dao ly chie'n thang d chd thOc hdnh dao nghTa, thi sau dd mdi dope tdn trpng Tang TQ ndi: "Trong sd nhQng ngodi qudn tQ di trdn dodng kia, nhQng ngOdi cd cha ta cd the bid't rd, nhQng ngUdi cd thay ta cung cd t h i bid't rd, cdn nhOng ngOdi khdng cd cha lai chang cd thay, thi ta khdng the bid't hp nhU the ndo?" dieu chfnh la ndi vide kfnh thay cung gidng nhU tdn kfnh cha minh vdy! Tang Diem sai Tang Sam di lam vide, da qud hen quy dinh md Tdng Sam v i n chUa thd'y v e NhQng ngOdi gap tdng diem ddu ndi: - Cd phai Tang Sam da gap nan chdng? Tdng Diem ndi: - Cho du cd xay chuydn gi, tdi cdn sdng day, thi nd Idm chd't dupe? hay Khdng TQ bj vdy khdn d dd't khudng, Nhan Hdi rdt lai sau mdi dd'n, Khdng TQ ndi: - Ta cho rang da chd't rdi dd! Nhan Hdi thQa: - Thay cdn sdng ddy, Nhan Hdi ddu dam chd't Nhan Hdi kfnh thay Khdng TQ cung gid'ng nhQ Tang Sdm thd cha minh vdy! Cdc bdc thdnh hien thdi xQa, chfnh vi tdn kfnh thay tdi mOc nho vdy, cho ndn thay mdi dd'c sOc iQc va dao ly de day bdo hp Cho du la to todng thdi xOa hay thdi thi deu cd chung mdt didu dd Id sQ tdn kfnh thay can phdi dope dat len hang dau "nha't to vi sQ, ban tU vi sU" ngUdi cd tdm cd dOc cd long hieu Id, bie't trpng thay thi khdng cd gi md thay lai khdng dd'c long ddc sOc, dem tri lyc day bao DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO 6-2009 ...theo sQ b i i n ddi v l cdc chuan gia tri XH(ly tudng, sQ nghidp, dao ly, trdch nhidm, tinh ydu, hanh phuc, quan d i l m tham my, quan d i l m ve thidndc, dQc- tdi, Idi sd'ng, tdng... da xuat hidn quan niem rat khdc la ve hinh mdu ngOdi thdnh dat XH hidn nay, khdng tUPng ddng vdi muc tidu GD md Ludt GD da ndu Than tUdng ma Idp tre dang theo dudi Id nhQng ngUdi giau cd, khdn... ddi trQdc h i t da vd dang anh hodng trQc tidp dd'n ddi sdng GD Chat IQdng cudc sd'ng GD bj giam sut, gia phong bi bid'n dang, sQ binh yen vdn ed eija GD bj day lui nhanh ve qud khQ, Cd ngQdi da