Hoạt động khuyến học ở làng mộ bạch nhìn từ truyền thống đến đương đại

HOAT DONG KHUYEN HOC O LANG M Q TRACH NHIN TU" TRUYEN T H N G DEN DU^ONG DAI NGUYEN HUtJ MUI**' Torn tdt: Ldng Mg Trach xa Tan Hong huy?n Binh Giang tinh Hdi Duong Id noi co truyfin thfing hieu hgc va khoa bdng dttng dau fl nuflc ta Can ctt theo Ddng khoa lyc cho bifit Iang Mg Trach c6 35 ngufli dai khoa qua cac ky thi Hgi nha nuoc quan chu Viet Nam tfi chtte Dfl chua ke so ngufli trang khoa qua cac thai ky Ijch su DS co thdnh tuu nhu vgy, ldng MQ Trgeh da ttien khai hoat d^ng khuyen hgc rat mgnh me tren hai phuang diSn, id khuyen hgc bang vdt chat va khuyen hoc bang tinh than Nhung thfing tin ghi ttong khoan Ifi, vdn bia, gia phd vd cdc tai !i?u khac nhung chua cfl cfing trinh nao dgt vdn de nghien cttu hogt dgng neu tren ttt chinh nhttng nguon tdi li?u Do la Iy de chiing tfii thi^c hifin bai viet Tu khda: Lang Mg Trach, hoat dfing khuydn hgc, khuyen hgc bdng vat chit, khuyen hgc bing tinh than Abstract: Mo Trach hamlet Tan Hong village, BinhGiang district, Hai Duong province has a long ttadition of smdy and a great number of people with previlege degree ranked top I in Vietnam According to Dang Khoa Luc, Mo Trach hamlet has 35 candidates who were awarded PhD degree at Hoi examinations hosted by Vietnam Monarchy That number does not include the candidates awarded Bachelor degree at different eras This achievement proved that Mo Trach hamlet had successfiilly established a motivated leaming ttadition in two aspects: material awards and mental awards This information was written in khoan !e, stelae, family histoiy and other documents but so far there hasnt been any research targeting at the problem So, this article touches upon this field Keywords: Mo Trach hamlet, study-encouraging activities, material study-encouraging, mental study-encouraging L Dan nhap ^^'^ )s:hoa bang dttng dau a nuflc ta vfli Lang Mo 'irach ten Nom la lang ^5 vi da d,i khoa"' va nh«u nguM d6 Chim, tmoc Cach mang thang Tam thu6c tflng Tuyte Cu huyen Binh Giang tinh H a Duong Lang M6 Trach hi6n thuoc xa Tan H6ng huyen Binh'Giang tinh Hai Duong, Noi dSn Mo Tiach la n6i den mot ngfli lang co t r u y k thflng hi^u ' ™ g ^°^ "^ '^'^ ''5' ** ^ h " "^ ^ ' ^ " - ^ ^ q " ^ -^W Viet Nam to chfc ^ ^ '»" " ? " * ^ "^""S ib, mot < * ã * ô ằ ô dong vai tro quan "^"^ '^ ''°»' "^"g ^''^^ ^'^ ° ^^^ M T S Vi?n Nghien ciiu Han Nora TAP CHI HAN NOM sfi I (140) -2017 dugc ddc bifit coi ttgng Tuy nhien cho dfin chua co bdi vifit ndo di sau nghien cttu hoat dgng khuyfin hgc d Iang Mg Trgeh, nhat la giai doan khuyfin hgc ttuyen thfing gdn vcri nfin gido due khoa ctt Nho hgc nuoc nha Bai vifit sau day se khoa lap phan nao cho vin de neu ra, sau dfi xuat mgt vdi kien ngh; cho cong tac khuyen hgc khuyfin tdi hien a Idng Mg Trach, cung nhu hogt dgng khuyen hgc hifin or nude ta Nguon tai lieu Nguon tai lieu dfi cap den hoat dgng khuyfin hgc ctta Iang Mg Trgeh truoc day va hifin bao gfim mdng chinh: NGUYiN Hdu MOI Trgeh Vu toe thi he sg tich S J? ^ ^ # #, ^ ] ^ , ky hieu A.659; Md Trgeh tu diin cd li ^ 'i^ ^ ^ -^ ^'1, k^ hi^u A.743; Mg Track Li thi gia phd ^ if ^ ^ ^ i t , ky hifiu A.658 Mdng hr lieu cung Iiru trtt tgi VNCHN Iam can ctt nghien cuu hogt dfing khuyfin hgc ctta cdc dong hg a ldng Mg Trgeh + Mang thtt ba Id cong trinh vd bai bao xuat ban ttong thoi gian gan day lifin quan dfin ldng Mg Trach nhu Cdc nhd khoa bdng Viet Nam^'*^^; Tien st Nho hoc tinh Hdi Duang (I075-1919)^^\ Mg Track ldng Tiin st ^^K Hg VU ldng Mg TrgckPK Cling nhifiu bdi bdo dang tren cac trang mang difin hi (Dan tri, Tintuconhne, Vn Express ) Mang tdi lieu Iam cdn ctt hfi trg vific tim hifiu vfi hogt dfing khuyfin hgc duong dai a lang Mfi Trgeh + Mang thtt nhit la khoan uac: voi van ban vifit tay hifin luu tru tai Vifin Nghien cuu Han Nfim (VNCHN) Ban thtt nhit la Dank huang khodn li Z^ -#•^'1, ky hifiu A.742; ban thtt hai la Mg Trgeh xd cuu kkodn ^ i ? i ^ # , ky Ngoai chttng tfii tifin hanh difiu tra hifiu VHv 1215 Qua xem xet cho thdy dien dd tai dia phuang nhdm thu thdp cd hai van ban dugc ttt mfit ban thong tin bfi sung cho bdi vifit ctt luu tru a Idng Mg Trgeh truoc ddy Hoat dong khuyen hgc truyen Ca hai ban giong vfi ngi dung, ghi thong cua lang Mo Trach vfi khoan I§ ctta Iang Mg Trach leip lin Hoat dOng khuyfin hgc truyfin thfing diu vdo nam Canh Tri thtt (1665), sau cua Iang Mg Trach dugc dfi cgp ttong qua 18 lan bfi sung, chinh ly, kfit thttc khodn uoc cua Iang Khoan uac cua vdo nam Canh Thjnh thtt (1792), thdnh lang, nhu dfi cap phin diu bai vifit, lap 95 difiu khodn'^l Trong ban thi ban vao nam 1665 Cac hoat dgng ve khuyen A.742 dugc dich Qufic ngtt, in ttong Tyc li CO truyin ldng xa Viet Nam^^\ hgc ctta Iang ghi thdnh tung difiu khodn, xen kfi voi cdc difiu khoan lifin quan dfin vay chttng toi stt dung ban dich Iam cdc hogt dgng khac ctta dia phuong (trj can cu cho nghien cttu vfi hoat dgng khuyen hgc ctta Iang Mg Trach ttong an, ki?n timg, khuyfin nfing, khuyfin thifin, nhap tjch, ciu phue ) Ket qua qud khtt khao sat cho thay hogt dgng khuyen hgc + Mdng thtt hai la gia phd: nhu Mg cua Iang Mg Trgeh xuit hifin ttt Trgeh thi phd % '^ it |#, ky hifiu lap khoan uoc cua Iang, sau dugc bfi 'A.985; Mg Trgeh Vu tgc bdt pkdi phd S sung, hoan chinh qua tttng thoi ky, kfit !? ^ ^ / \ ii^ &#, ky hieu A.660; Mg thuc vdo ndm 1797, 27 difiu tten 10 HOAT DONG KHUYEN HQC LANG M O TR^CH tfing so 95 difiu khoan, chiem ty Ifi 28% Ty ie cho thdy Mg Trgeh Id noi co phong ttao khuyfin hgc dttng diu nuoc ta phdn dnh ttong khoan uoc'^* ttong xa, ttt truoc dfin phai ngp ntta sudt tifin thufi dung Nay nfin theo Ie khoan mien, dugc mien quy tien de khuyfin khich"* "*\ Cling nhu cdc dja phuang khac ovttng dfing bang Bic Bg, hoat dgng khuyen hge ctta lang Mg Trach dugc trien khai theo hai hinh thttc Id khuyfin hgc bing vat chat va khuyfin hgc bing tinh thin Nhu vdy viec mifin giam cac khoan dong gop cho nguoi di hgc a Mg Trgeh dugc quy djnh cu thfi, dp dung cho nguoi di hgc theo trinh hgc van khac nhau, duong nhifin la phai qua sdt hgch, ttong cac dia phuang khdc thuong dp dung dieu mgt each chung chung, ghi thdnh mfit difiu khodn, dgi Ioai nhu "mifin suu sai tgp djch cho nguoi di hgc" Quy dinh nhu thfi khong thay stta dfii ttong khodn uoc ctta ldng, chttng to day la quy djnh mang tinh on djnh lau ddi dfi khuyfin khich vific hgc ttong lang Hinh thuc khuyin hgc bdng vdl chdt: Xuat phdt ttt quan niem cua nguoi Idng Mg Trach coi di hgc nhu mgt nghe: Nghe theo nghifip Nho, ghi tgi Diiu 23, lap nam 1665, vgy dfi tgo dieu kien thuan Igi cho hgc sitih hgc tap, nguoi dan noi ddy dd mifin trtt sai dich cho hg So dl noi dieu Id vi nguoi di hgc xua v6i tu each vifin Iang thi phai chiu dong gop cho Idng vfi cdc khodn sai djch Tai Mg Trach ciing vay, Iang khfing bat hg phai Iam cong vific nang nhgc de chuyfin tam vao dfin sach Bieu 7, lap vdo ndm 1771 quy dinh: 'Tat ca cac hoang dinh, chinh dinh xa, ngucd nao tu truoc dfin da den tuoi dfiu chiu mgi sai djch, nen co sir phdn bifit Ttt ctt sau dai tiec tifit xudn hang nam, tat ca nhung nguoi dang di hgc cho dugc nop quyen sat hgch vific hgc tap mgt lugt, nguai kha thfing hifiu lugt tho, trtt vific phai nop tifin thufi dung ra, tit cd suu sai tap djch viec ma lieu mifin gidm dfi khich Ifi lop hgc ^ »(9) gia sau Doi voi nguoi thi Sinh do, ddn iang cho mifin khodn quy tifin dfi hg tiep tue fin luy^n, chuin bj cho cac ky thi tifip sau gidnh hgc vi cao hon, ghi tgi Dieu 6: "Cac vien du trung Sinh dfi Dfii voi nguoi Iam quan ttong ttieu, dtt ITnh chtte vu Ion hay nho, lang sfi thuong tifin, ghi thdnh difiu khodn l^p ndm 1719, gfim: Diiu 1: Nhttng nguoi xd dugc thdng gitt chtte Tam thai (Thai su Thai Thai bao), Tam thieu {Thifiu su, Thifiu pho, Thifiu bao), Thugng thu, Do dai ^ ngu stt) dugc thuong quan tifin stt Diiu 2: Nhung nguoi ttong xa dugc thang gitt cac chtte: Ta Thi lang, Hiiu Thj Iang, Pho dfi (Ngu stt), Thtta stt, Thtta chi, Thi giang, Thj dgc, Dai hgc sT, Thifim dfi, Te tim dugc xa thuang quan tifin stt Diiu 3: Nhiing nguoi ttong xd dugc thdng gifl cac chtte: Tu khanh, Tham chinh, Phu dodn, Hgc si, Thi thu, Dai che, Tu nghiep Do khoa, De hinh dugc xa thuong quan tien stt Diiu 4: Nhiing nguoi xa dugc thang gitt cdc chtte: C i p sir, Hien stt II TAP CHi HAN N M sfi (140) -2017 Hifiu Iy, Hifiu thao, Cai dao dugc xa thuong quan tifin stt'' 'I Thufing tifin cho ngu&i Iam quan ghi dieu uoc nfiu ttfin la difiu dac bifit ctta Iang Mg Trgeh, vi chua noi ndo lai thufing tifin cho ngudi Iam quan nhu nai ddy, cho dtt sfi tifin thudng khong phdi Id nhifiu Song cdeh Iam khfing ngodi muc dich la dfi gitt gin phim chat Idm quan cho ngucri Iang Mg Trgeh, tao tifing tfit cho dia phuang Nfii nhu ngdy la nhdm giu hinh dnh cua nguoi Iang Mg Trgeh truo'c ban ddn thien ha, vao duong thfii Iang MO Trgeh co nhifiu nguoi Idm quan ttong ttifiu''^* Thuc chat day ciing la each de khuyen khich hgc sinh ttong Idng hgc tap, thi Iam quan, Iam vfi vang cho dia phuang Bfin canh mifin giam sai djch cho ngudi di hgc, thucmg tifin cho nguai Iam quan, nguoi dan Mg Trgeh cfin chu ttgng dfin th\rc hgc, coi day Id nhan tfi co ban dfi tgo nhdn tdi cho Iang Ly la vi duong thdi or Iang Mg Trgeh tfln tai thuc ttang "co rdt nhifiu ngudi muu cau chtte sac"''^', vay vific xifit chat thuc hgc ctta dan Iang Mg Trgeh Id dieu dl hifiu Bifin phap thuc hien van dfi rdt nghifim khic, hdu nhu chua thiy noi ndo d nude ta trude ddy th\rc hifin Chdng hgn "neu bfi pham tgi thi khong dugc dg vao so thi ctt", hode nhu "Ngudi ndo cfi tinh xin cac nha mfin cip bang gtti vao sfi cua huy?n thi bi phat ndng, gfim mgt ttdu, mgt hu rugu tti gia mudi quan tifin stt"*'**' Hay "Ngudi nao mugn ngudi khdc di thi thay minh, neu may dugc trung tam trudng thi du trude ddy cd lam dy: Van hgi cung 12 NGUYiN Hdu MOI khflng dugc du vao gitt vific ttong dinh Nay ngudi lai nhd nguoi thi thi khfing dugc vao Vdn h0i ma phdi chiu vific quan"''^' Rifing nhung hdnh vi khong cd Igi cho hgc sinh hgc tap nhu danh bac thi hi phgt nang, vdi muc dich gittp si ttt chuyfin tam vao duong hgc tap Ngay ttt nam 1688, Idng da c6 difiu Ifi vfi vific nay, quy dinh: "Cac Nho sinh trung thttc, Gidm sinh, Nho sinh, Sinh dfi [nfiu tham gia danh bac] phat lgn tri gia hai quan, khflng cho vao Van hgi"' Dfin ndm 1771, vific ddnh bgc Igi dua dfi chan chinh nham Ioai bfi tfi nan dd dfii vdi sT tu ttong ldng: "Ngudi ndo idm trai lai md song bac, nfiu Id quan vifin se phgt Ign, rugu, trj gid ba quan tifin stt, nguoi khfing du hang ngu quan vifin, Nho sinh ttung thttc, Gidm sinh, Nho sinh, Sinh bj phat Ign, rugu, tri gia hai muoi quan tifin stt"'"' Hinh thuc khuyen hgc bdng linh thdn: Khdc vdi nhifiu Idng xd d nude ta, thd Thanh hoang thuong la nhung vfi cong thi tai Mg Trach thd Thanh hodng Id mgt vj khoa bang xuat than ttt ngach vdn, Id Vu Hon " Ong sinh ndm Giap Than (804), m? Ia ngudi Viet, bfi Id nguoi Hoa 17 tufii [Vu H6n] Dinh thi, khoa Canh Ty (840)"""^ Difiu gittp chau ttong ldng phan dau hgc tgp Lang Mg Trach lai Id noi cd nhifiu ngudi dS Tifin sT nhit d nude ta (3 vj thdi Trin, 32 vi dfl thdi Lfi - Mge) nfin vi^c ddn rude Tifin si vinh quy bai tfi luon dat dfii vdi dan Iang Day Id Iang c6 quy dinh ddn rude Tifin si vinh quy bai tfi sdm nhit d nude ta phdn anh ttong khoan udc Cy tljfi Diiu I, HOAT BONG KHUYEN HOC O LANG M O TR^CH lap nam 1665, quy dinh: "Vien ndo dfi Tifin sT hoge trung tuyen vao Dfing cdc, thang chuc Qugn cflng, thdng chuc Thugng thu, di stt ttd vfi, quan vfi huu, cac gidp chifiu theo sfl ngudi ttong gidp ma thu tifin gao dfi Iam cfi mimg, gom lgn, hu rugu dang gia quan tien stt, mfit mdm xoi dugc niu bdng ttdm can ggo nep va chuan bi nghi trugng huong an, cd Igng, chifing ttflng, cho ngudi dem dfin chtta Vfi Ngai huyfin Dudng Hdo ddn mttng Cac nghi trugng dfiu phai chinh tfi, cho dugc my quan, neu dugc thinh y Ve le tg gom cd: mgt ttau sflng, mgt hu rugu tri gid 12 quan tifin stt Hang ndm vifin ndo dugc thang chtte, vifin nao dugc dy thdng chuc vao hang quan ttifiu thi cfl ban cung vdn nhu vdy nhung sfi nghi trugng di dfin rude giam di mgt ntta vd chi di dfin chg huyfin ctta xd Hoa Dudng dfi don mttng theo nghi thttc Lfi dap gflm mgt trau sflng, sau hu rugu trj gia quan tifin stt"''^' Qua day cho thay vific rude Tien sT vinh quy bai to ctta Idng Mfi Trgeh vdo ntta cufli thfi ky XVII dugc quy dinh chi tifit, vdi nghi thttc trang ttgng, hoanh ttang, trd hgi ctta Iang Va khflng chi ngudi Tifin sT, cac thdnh p h ^ khac nhu ngudi thang chuc Quan cflng, ngudi thang chtte Thugng thu (d cac BO), ngudi vfi tri si dfiu dugc ddn Iang dugc tfi chtte ddn rude long ttgng Dieu ndi lfin su khac bifit so vdi cac dja phuong khac, bdi cac dia phuang khac thfing thudng chi don rude ngudi dai khoa va trung khoa, chua noi nao lgi tfl chtte ddn rude nhifiu phan nhu d MO Trgeh Vdi cdeh Iam da tao tam Iy siing chuOng viec hgc, giup mgi ngudi ttong ldng nhdn thttc muon dat dfin vinh quang phai phin dau vuon lfin bing duong hgc tap Dfin nam Canh Hung thtt 32 (1771), Iang Mg Trach lgi de lfi tfi chtte don rude ngudi dfi Tao sT Tao sT tttc ngudi Tien sT nggch vo, vdi quy dinh: "Lfi miing va Ifi dap lai giong vdi ngudi Tifin sr''^*'^ Viec ddn rude Tgo st giong Tien sT vdo thdi difim xac nhan Iang Mfi Trach khong chl coi ttgng ngudi dfl Tifin sT ngach van ma cdn coi ttgng Tifin sT dfl nggch vo - Mflt ttong hai ngach ttong nfin giao due Nho hgc dang thinh hanh duong thdi Gdp cflng vao khuyfin hgc tinh than ctta Iang MO Trgeh can phdi ke den vai tto ctta Van thufic (Hgi Tu vsxi) tai dia phuang Theo thong le mufin gia nhap tfl chuc phai cd mgt so dieu kien ma difiu kien ddu tifin phai Id ngudi theo duong Nho hgc, am hifiu dao Iy hifin Khodn udc ctta lang MO Trgeh khfing dfi cap den difiu kien gia nhdp Vdn thugc ctta ldng gflm nhiing gi, nhung d mOt noi dugc menh danh la "Tien sT sao" thi chdc chin vific gia nhap Vdn thugc d day khdng phai la difiu kifin dfi dang Khoan udc cua Iang cho ta thay day la to chtte dttng bfin cgnh chinh quyfin dia phuong, ngoai tfi thd Khong Ttt va cac bgc Tien hien ctta lang d Van ttt vao Dinh ctta tifit xudn thu hang nam, hg dugc tham du vdo cac cong viec quan ttgng cua Iang td chtte d dinh Khac vdi Hgi Van thugc d nhung dja phuang khac, Hgi Vdn thuflc d ddy cd thfim chuc nang la ngudi thay ttong vific day dfl, boi dudng kien thttc cho sT 13 TAP CHI HAN N M sfl (140) -2017 ttt Iang, chgn ngudi cd dtt ndng luc thay mat ldng tham dg cdc ky thi Huong nha nude to chtte Ly la vi ttong phin Vdn thufic cua lang cd cac vi ldm quan ttong trieu, timg kinh qua dfin sach nfin cd sdn kifin thttc, su hifiu bifit vfi khoa ctt Qudn "Khao van" ggi la "Cyru qudn Khao van" ctta ldng chinh la noi thuc thi cflng vific Vfi sau, Hgi Van thuOc cvia ldng dfii tfin Hgi Ky anh, vdn tifip noi cfing vific cu la ren luyfin sT ttt hgc t|.p, gittp hg cd kifin thttc viing vang dfi buoc vao dudng thi ctt dugc thudn lgi Nhu the day la to chfic danh gia ctta Idng, mu6n gia nhdp tfi chuc nay, khfing gi b i i ^ n§ luc hgc tdp ctta bdn than, v^y no tgo nen su cgnh tranh ttong hgc tgp ciia chinh ngudi lang MO Trach cang ttd nen mgnh mfi Vific khuyfin hgc dfii vdi cac gia dinh d MO Trach ciing dugc coi ttgng Tgi ddy cha dgy con, chtt day chdu, anh day em hgc tgp la dieu thudng ghi ttong gia phd Lang lgi c6 nhung phy ntt nhu bd Vu Thi Thfi tdn tao nuoi dgiy ngudi con: Vu Tii Khoai, Vu Duy Chi, Vu Bgt Tuy, Vu Phuong Trudng va Vu Cau Hfii dn hgc tai, deu khoa trudng va iam quan danh vgng Hoac nhu ba Lfi Thj Oanh, mOt cfl giao ldng, ddu khflng dugc di hgc di thi nhu nam gidi, ba tu md trudng dgy hgc, dao tac nhifiu Sinh dfl, Huong cong va Tien si* ' Con vdi cac ddng hg, dac biet la hg Vii, mdt ddng hp c6 28 ngudi dS Tifin sT tdng so 35 Tien sT cua ldng da khuyfin bdo chdu phai chdm chi hgc hanh, gitt ldy n g h i ^ nha, qua bdi Khuyin hgc thi (Tho khuyfin hgc) bang chtt Nfim: 14 NGUYiN HCU MOI "Hgc hanh tgc dg tam long son, Sach hgc cho thflng chtt cai Btta dfin mufli dua nen chd qudn, Vdn ldm khoai ttd mdi hiu ngon Bang vang ta cd danh bdng sdm, Cua bau vua ban gid tua non Cha dgy con nfin dgy chau, Trdi cdn nha at thfi khoa cdn"'^^' Hoat dong khuyen hoc duong dai d lang Mg Tr^ch Bude vao nhung nam 2000, ttfin dd dfii mdi ctta ddt nude, sau mOt thoi gian chuin bj, dfin nam 2005, Chi hgi khuyfin hgc Idng Mg Trach chinh thttc dugc lap, bdu 11 thdnh vifin cua Ban chip hanh Chi hOi da thflng qua Nghj quyfit va xdy dung quy ch^ boat dgng dua tren su huong dan ctta HOi khuyen hgc cip trfin Chi hfii da xdy dung QuJ khuyfin hgc vdi tfing sfl tifin gdn 70 trifiu dfing, d^t giai thufing vdi cac mttc nhu sau: - Ngudi dgt hgc vj Tifin si: 350.000d - Hgc sinh dat logi gidi cap qufic gia: 250.000d - Hgc sinh dfi vdo cdc trudng dgi hgc: 200.000d - Hgc sinh dat logi gidi cip tinh: 200.000d - Hgc sinh dat logi gidi cip huyfin: lOO.OOOd Cac ddng hg cua lang tifin hanh xdy dimg QuJ khuyfin hpc, nhu hg Vu (ttt dudng Tich Thifin: 40 tri^u dfing; ttt dudng VTnh Viin: 13 trieu dfing; ttt dudng Truong Xudn: trieu dflng), hg Nhft (ttt dudng Thai Thjnh: trieu ndm tram ngan dflng) Rieng hgc sinh hg Vu nfiu doat HOAT DONG KHUYEN HQC O LANG M O TRACH giai hgc sinh gidi cap qufic gia, cip tinh va cap huyfin ttong nam lien se dugc HOi dong ddng hg Vu (Vo) Viet Nam tang "Bang khen" vd mgt suat qua tri gia 500 ngdn dflng Qua hoat dgng ghi nhan lang MO Trach hifin diing vat chat dfi thudng cho hgc sinh la su van dttng ttt khuyfin hgc truyfin thflng, dtt tifin thuong d day cung nhu trude chua phai la nhifiu, nhung difiu quan trgng la dfi khuyen khich hgc sinh ttong Iang hang hai hgc tap, dong thdi la dfi trg cap cho hgc sinh ngheo vuon len ttong hgc t£ip Lang khuyfin hgc hang tinh than, nhu tuyfin duong tich hgc tgp cua cdc hgc sinh dat logi gidi ttong cdc cip hgc kfi ttfin phat ttfin loa truydn vd ghi vao van tfi thd Thanh hoang ciia lang Day lai la difiu dac bifit ttong hoat dgng khuyen hgc bang tinh than hifin d lang Mg Trach dung dfi khich I? vific hgc tap tgi dja phuong Ciing ttong tfi Thanh hoang lang (mflng thang gieng), bit diu ttt nam 2002, Iang to chfic "Le vinh danh cho cac Tifin sT duong dgi" Danh sach tuyfin duong nam dd cd 65 nguoi bao ve cdng Iuan an d ttong nude ciing nhu d nude ngoai, thugc nhifiu lmh vuc khoa hpc khac Hifin tai ttong Hgi rude Thanh hodng, lang da sap xep dOi hinh gdm 13 phin, ttong phin thfi sdu mang bifiu tugng ctta 36 vj Ti^n sT Nho hgc Tilp dfin cd su phdi hgp gitta Chi hgi khuyfin hgc vdi Lifin chi doan nifin Cgng san Hfl Chi Minh cua dja phuang vific tfl chuc ldp hgc he cho cac hgc sinh khoi tifiu hgc va trung hgc CO sd, vdi mon hgc chinh la van, todn va ngoai ngu Su phfii hgp dien deu dan, bat ddu ttt nam 2007 dfin nay, cdc sinh vifin trudng cao dang vd dgi hgc su pham Id ngudi lang dung gidng dgy mifin phi Giup hgc sinh hai khfii tifiu hgc va trung hgc co sd dia phuong dugc ttang bi kifin thuc cua ba mon hgc co ban mOt each vung chac Sau eiing tu nhifiu nam nay, Chi hgi khuyfin hgc ctta ldng da phoi hgp vdi Ban thi dua khen thudng khuyen hgc khuyfin tdi ctta Hfii dfing ddng hg Vu (Vo) Vifit Nam md Hfli nghj tu van mtta thi Dai hgc cho cac hgc sinh khfii 11-12 Gidng vifin gfim cac Giao su, Tien sT, Thac sT cfing tac tai cac hgc vien va trudng dai hgc, kfi ca cac trudng ttong quan dOi Ngi dung tu van dfi cap den cdc vdn dfi lgp nghiep, thuOc cac nganh nghfi khdc nhau, deu dugc hudng din ty my dfi cdc em lua chgn dttng khd ndng, sd truong, sd doan ctta ban than Cac em cdn dugc hudng dan on tap kifin thttc, ky ndng, ky sao, trao dfli kinh nghigm thi ctt dfi vttng tdm buoc vdo ky thi dgi hgc, cao ddng vdi ti'eh tflt nhit Ttt cac hogt dOng khuyfin hge duang dgi ndy da thu kfit qua kha quan Theo thong kfi, chi ti'nh tu nam 2010 den nam 2015, toan MO Trach cd 143 hgc sinh dd dgi hpc theo difin chinh quy, ttong dd ndm 2010: 31 ngudi; nam 2011: 26 ngudi; ndm 2012: 28 ngudi; nam 2013: 18 nguoi; nam 2014:18 nguoi: nam 2015; 23 ngudi Tinh trung binh ctt khoang 10 ngudi dan d day cd nguoi dgi hgc hoac cao ddng Dd chua ke 38 hgc sinh dgt logi gidi cip tinh, 49 hgc sinh dat loai gidi cap huyfin'^ '15 TAP CHi HAN NOM s (140) -2017 Ket luan va kien nghi Ldng MO Trach vdi 35 vi dgi khoa ttong giai dogn ttt thdi Tran, qua Lfi so, dfin trieu Mac, kfit thuc d thdi Lfi Trung Mac du d thdi L^ va duoi trifiu Nguyfin, lang chua cd ngudi dgi khoa nhung voi so lugng chimg dfi Tifin sT du ndi lfin day la Iang c6 truyfin thfing hifiu hgc va khoa bang dung ddu d Viet Nam hifin Gop cflng vdo tuu do nhieu nhan tfi nhung nhan td co bdn la hogt dfing khuyfin hpc ciia Idng MO Trach dugc dgc biet coi ttgng, vdi hai hinh thfic la khuyfin hgc bdng vdt chat va khuyfin hgc bang tinh thin Khuyfin hgc bang vgt chat the hifin d vific ddn ldng mifin giam lao djch cho ngudi di hgc, cdn ngudi Sinh dfl thi dugc mien quy tifin dfi chuyfin chfi vao vific hgc nhdm dgt hpc vj cao hon d cac icy thi tiep theo Tai MO Trach khfing cd lfi thudng tifin cho ngudi d5 khoa trudng nhu cac dia phuong khdc, thay vao la thuong tifin cho ngudi lam quan nhim khuyfin khich su liem ciia hg Trong khuyfin hgc bdng tinh than vdi cdeh thl hifin khac bifit so vdi cae lang khac d chfi lang tfi chtte don rude nguoi vinh quy bai tfl xuit than tu Tifin Sl vdi nhifiu phin khac nhung phan nao ciing dugc to chtte ddn tifip long trgng, hoanh ttdng, in sdu vao tam kham mgi ngudi, dgc bi$t dfli vdi hgc sinh dfi hg phdn dau hgc tip Tuy nhien difim quan ttgng nhat ttong hogt dpng khuyfin hgc cua lang Mg Trach chinh la chu ttgng dfin thyc hgc, coi thuc hgc lam cdn ban dfi tgo ngudn nhan tai cho ldng Do la ly dfi lang Mg Trach cd nhifiu nguoi dgi khoa 16 NGUYiN Hdu MOI hon bat ett lang nao d nude ta thdi quan chu Hoat dOng khuyfin hgc cua lang MO Trgeh vfln tiep thu kinh nghiem ttt qua khfi, vdi nhifiu hinh thttc phong phtt, da dang, dat nhieu thdnh tuu qua eac ky thi Dgi hgc cung nhu cac giai thufing md hgc sinh noi day gianh dugc qua tttng nam Ldng Mg Trach hdm cuOc sflng vdt chit chua sung tfic nhung doi sfing tinh than lufin sdng khodi, ttong Iang ngoai ngo hdu nhu khflng cd tfi nan xa hgi ma chi thiy nguoi dan ban bac, chdm lo dudng hgc hanh cho cdi Do vay khfing cd gi nggc nhifin thdy cfing lang ctta lang Mg Trgeh Idiac cdu dfii dfi cao vific hpc, vao mifiu thd Thanh hoang thay bia de danh Tifin si Nho hgc, den ttt dudng cac ddng hg thdy gia pha ghi tfin ngudi d5 khoa trudng Dieu dd cd nghla "nfing do" khuyen hgc d ddy dgm dgc hon bdt ctt noi ndo d nude ta hifn Phong cdeh song ctta laiig Mg Trgeh la nhu vgy Do la ly dfi chung tfli thiy vifc khuyin hgc d ldng MO Trgeh cin dugc tri va phdt trifin, coi ddy nhu mft difin hinh tien tien vfi hoat dgng khuyfin hgc khuyen tai d nude ta hign Day se la dia difim dl cac dia phucmg dfin hgc t|ip, chia sfi kinh nghifim hoat dgng khuyin hgc khuyfin tai ctta ca nude Trfin binh di?n ca nude, hogt dfng khuyin hgc hifn d 63 tinh dugc kfi thira ttt hoat dOng khuyen hgc truyen thdng Cdc di tich Nho hgc nhu van mifiu cac tinh dang cd xu hudng phue hfii manh me ttong dit nude ta ngheo Do vgy vifc phue dung van mieu cap tinh la van de can nghifin cuu HOAT DONG KHUYDN HpC d LANG M O TRACH kJ, khong nfin xdy dung ttan lan nhdm tranh tfln kem cho kinh piii nha nude Doi vdi cac vttng nfing thon, ty lfi lam nfing nghifip cdn cao, chifim khodng 70%, tttc ngufin nhan luc hifn dang tgp trung chtt yfiu d ndng thfin thi hoat dflng khuyin hgc cin hudng vfi nfing thfin, coi day la dia ban chinh Thuc tien lich stt nude ta cho thiy nhdn tai vfln xuat than ttt nong thfin, qua hoat dpng khuyfin hgc d nong thdn da thuc diy ngufin nhan tai phat trifin, iang Mg Trach dfi cap dfin d day da minh chiing cho difiu Bfin cgnh dd can xay dung Quy khuyen hgc bing nhifiu ngufin vfin khac lam phin thufing cho hgc sinh hpc gioi cdc cdp hpc ciing nhu dung ho trg cho hgc sinh ngheo vugt khd ttong hgc tap Hoat dOng cdn chfi ttgng den thyc chit, tao dpng luc mgnh mfi cho vific hpc tap tai dia phuong Tuu trung, vifc bdo tfln vd phat huy gia tri di sdn khuyfin hpc nim ttong hoat dOng gitt gin gia tri vdn hda cho mufin doi sau Di sdn khuyin hpc la mOt loai hinh gia trj vdn hda dd dn sau, ben re ttong tam thttc cua ngudi Viet Nam Vi vay can phdi cd chifin luge lau ddi, vdi nhfing hoat dOng cy thfi, thifit thyc, vtta cd hogt dpng mang tinh phong trao, ngdn han, vua phai cd nhQng kfi hoach mang tim chifin luge, ldu dai dfi cac gia tri ctta khuyin hgc dugc bdo tfln va phat huy gia tri cugc sfing hfim / N.H.M (1) Theo th6ng ke ciia chiing tfii Dinh khiil Dgi Viii Ifch triiu ddng khoa lyc, ky hieu VHv.2140/1-3, luu tru tai Vien Nghien cttu Han Nfim thi lang Mg Trgeh co 32 ngudi dai khoa, gom: Vu Huu, dfi Hoang giap (HG) nam 1463; Vu iTng Khang, HG ndm 1472; Vu Quynh, dfi HG nam 1478; Vu Nguyen Trinh, dfi Tifin sT (TS) nam 1481; Vu Don, dfi HG nam 1487; Vu Can, d§ HG nam 1502; Le Ngi, dfi Trang nguyfin nam 1505; Le Tu, dfi HG nam 1511; Vu Lan Chi, dfi TS nam 1520; Le Quang Bi, dfi HG nam 1526; Nhu Mau To, TS nam 1526; Vu TTnh, TS nam 1562; Vu Dudng, dfl TS nam 1565; Vu Bat Tuy, TS nam 1634; Vu Luang, TS nam 1643; Vu Dang Long, TS nam 1656; Vu Trac Lac, dfi TS nam 1656; Vu Cfing Lugng, dfi TS nam 1656; Vu Ciu H6i, dfi TS nam 1659; VQ Bgt Hai, dfi TS nam 1659; Vu Cfing Dao, dfi TS nam 1659; Lg Cong Trieu, TS nam 1659; Vu Duy Doan, dfi TS nam 1664; Vu Cong Binh, dfi TS nam 1664; Vu Dinh Ldm, dfi HG ndm 1670; Vu Duy Khuong, dfi TS nam 1670; Vu Dinh Thilu, dfi TS nam 1680; Vu Trgng Trinh, TS nam 1685; Nguyen Thudng Thjnh, d§ TS nam 1703; Vu Dinh An, dS TS ndm 1712; Vu Phuang DS, d§ TS nam 1736; Vu Huy Dinh, dfi TS nam 1754 Ngoai c6 vi Thai hgc sinh thdi Tran la Vu Nghieu Ta; Vu Hdn Bi (ciing dfi nam 1304) vd Le Cdnh Tuan (dfi nam 1381) Thdi Tran chua co sach Bdng khoa luc nhung Vu Nghieu Ta va Vu Han Bi dd dugc ghi Dgi Viit sd ky todn thie (BK6, td SOa), Le Cdnh Tudn ghi ttong Bgi Nam nhdt thong ehi (phan viet ve tinh Hai Duong, quyen XVII) Do vay ba vi ndy dugc xem chinh thttc la dfi dgi khoa ciia Idng Mg Trgeh, nang tfing sfi ngudi dgi khoa ciia ldng len so 35 vj TAP CHJ HAN N M sfl (140) -2017 NGUYiN HOVMOI (11) Dan theo Danh huang khodn 14, in (2) So lieu chung tfii thong ke Tyc li co tniyin ldng xd Viit Nam, ttt khodn udc ciia ldng Mg Trgeh (3) Tyc 1$ CO tniyin lang xd Viit Nam, sdd, tt 469-470 (12) Nguyfin Huy Phu cho bilt: " Ddi Dinh Khic Thudn (chii bien), Nxb KHXH, chiia Trjnh Trang va Trjnh Tac, co Idc 17 Ha Ngi, 2006 ngudi Iang Mg Trach Mg Trach ciing gitt (4) Cdc nhd khoa bdng Viit Nam quyen cao chuc ttgng ttieu Q lang (1075-1919), Ngo Dttc Thg (chu bien), CO vifc quan ttgng van cu ngudi len hoi y Nguyin Thuy Nga, Nguyin Httu Mill, Nxb kien cac ttieu quan Ngudi ta noi: Mg Trgeh Van hgc Ha Nfii 1993, tai ban 2006 hgp vifc ldng d kinh dfi" Xem Nguyin (5) Tiin sT Nho hgc tinh Hai Ducmg Huy Phu: Mg Trgeh - Ldng Tiin sT, sdd, (1075-1919), Hfii ding bien sogn dja chi tt.88-89 tinh Hai Ducmg, Tang Ba Hoanh (chu bien), (13) Dan theo Danh huang khodn li, in Hdi Duong, 1999 ttong Tyc li co truyin long xd Viet Nam (6) Mg Track - ldng Tien sT, Vu Huy sdd, Biiu 4, lap nam 1771, tt.476 Phu suu tam, bien sogn Tang Ba Hoanh (\A).I>knt\ieiO Danh huang khodn li, in hieu dinh, Bao tang Hai Duong, 1997 Tyc li co truyen limg xd Viit Nam, sdd, Diiu 23, ldp nam 1665, tr 458 (7) Hg va ldng- Mg Trgeh ciia Pham Thi Thoa, in Tgp chi Hdn Ndm, s6 4(17),1993,fr.44-47 (8) Theo thong ke cua Vu Duy Min lang Qu^nh Dfii huyfn Quynh Luu tinh Nghf An CO 24 dieu If lien quan den hogt dfing khuyin hgc ttfin tfing sfi 184 dieu uoc eda Idng Tinh dgt ty If 13% Ti If nhu vay vin dugc nhiiu nha nghien cttu danh gia cao nhung so voi MO Trgeh (28%) thi van thap hon (xem: Nhirng quy ledc lien quan den nghi ndng Irong mgt sd huang udc a chdu thd sdng Hong, in ttong "Tim Igi lang Viet xua", Nxb Vdn hoa Thfing tin Ha Ngi, 2006, tt 352) (15) Ddn theo Danh huang khodn li, in ttong Tue li cd truyen long xa Viit Nam sdd, Diiu 24, Igp nam 1665, tt 458 (16) Din theo Danh huang khom 1$ in Tyc li cd truyin long xd Viet Nam, sdd, tt 465 (\l).J^h\d\QO Danh hirong khodn li, in Tue li co truyin long xa Viet Nam, sdd,tt.477 (18) Dan theo Tdng Ba Hoanh: "Mg Trgeh - Lang Tiln sf, in ttong dl tai khoa hgc Ca sd vd gidi phdp nghien edu qudn ly cdc di tich Nho hge Viit Nam, Trung tam hogt dOng vdn hfia khoa hgc Van miiu Qu6c Ttt gidm an hdnh, 1998, tt.l56 (9) Din theo Danh hmmg khodn le, in Tyc li cd truyen ldng xd Vi^l Nam, Nxb KHXH H.2006, tt.477 (19) Ddn theo Danh huang khodn li, in Tyc 14 cd truyin long xd Viet Nam, sdd,tt.452- 453 (10) Ddn theo Danh huang khodn li, in Tyc li cd truyin lang xa Viit Nam, sdd, tt.477 (20) Dan theo Danh huang khodn 14, in Tyc 14 ed truyin ldng xd Viit Nam, sdd, Biiu I, tt 452- 475 18 HOAT DONG KHUV6N HQC LANG MO TRACH (21) Dan dieo Vu Huy Phii, Mg Trach ' long Tien sT, sdd, tr.90 (22) Bai tha khic nam 1676 d mat sau cua tam bia mang tieu de Tieu tdng Thi khoa dudng ky, dat tai ttt dudng Thl khoa fing Vu Duy Tiing Id trudng nam cua chi luu giu (23) So lieu diing ttong phan viet ve Khuyen hgc duang dai d lang Mg Trgeh ong Vu Quic Ai, Pho chi Hgi ttuong H6i khuyin hgc lang Mg Trgeh cung cdp Chung tfii chan cam cm (24) Bai viet dang ttong Hgi thao quoc gia Vai tro cua Hdn Nom vdn hda ducmg dgi VNCHN to chtte vao thang ndm 2016, nhung da dugc chinh ly, bo sung tu lieu cong bfi so Tai lieu tham khao tu tudng Nho gia Viit Nam Id hudng tiip can lien ngdnh, Nxb The giai Ha Ngi, tt 799-814 Nguyin Huu Mui (2009), "Anh huoTig ciia Nho giao d Viet Nam qua he thong van mieu van tu van chi", in Nghien cdu tu tuang Nho gia Viet Nam tie huang tiep can lien ngdnh, Nxb Thl gidi, HdNoi, tt 365-375 Nguyen Huu Miii (2014), " Nghien cttu hoat dfing khuyen hgc cua cac dong hp nude ta nen giao due khoa cu Nho hgc" Tgp chi Ddn tge hgc, sfi (188), tr 28-35 Nguyen Huu Miii (2016), "Tim hieu ve Hgi Tu van van va vai tro cua Hoi hoat dfing lang xa qua nguon tai lifu bi ky" Nghien cuu lich su, so (479), tr 3-11 L Vu Dinh Due (2002), Dong hg Vii Vo o Viit Nam xua vd nay, Nxb Thanh Nien, Ha Nfii Qufic su quan trieu Nguyen, Dgi Nam nhdt thong chi (bdn djch), tap 3, Nxb Thugn Hoa, Hufi, 1992 Tang Bd Hodnh chu bien (1999), Hdi Duang di tich vd danh thdng, tgp 1, Sd Van hoa Thong tin Hdi Duong Dinh Khdc Thuan (2009), "Truyfin thfing hieu hgc va khoa bang Nho hoc d Iang xa ngudi Vift", in Nghien cdu tu tudng Nho gia Viit Nam td hudng tiip can lien ngdnh, Nxb The gidi, Ha Ngi, tr 816-830 Vu Duy Mfin (2009), "Anh hudng ciia dgo ly Nho gia dfii vdi huang udc lang xa CO truyen Vift Nam", in Nghien cdu