•«88> KINH NGHliM-THI/C TliN XU HU'CfNG CHUYEN BIEN DOil SONG TON GlAO VA VAN DE QUAN LY HOAT D O N G T O N GIAO CJ Nl/OC TA H I £ N NAY Nguyin Van Dung * Tom tdt: Ddi sdng tdn gido (DSTG) Id mdt bd phgn ddi sdng tinh thdn eda xd hdi, Id yiu td thudc kien true thUdng tdng dd vd dang van ddng, bien ddi mgnh me ciing vdi sti phdt triin ciia kinh ti - xd hgi Su bien doi ndy khong chi dnh hUdng triic tiip tdi tinh hinh tdn gido md cdn tdc ddng tdi ddi sdng xd hdi nUdc ta Dti dodn xu hUdng chuyin biin ciia DSTG Id viic ldm cdn thiit dechu ddng dUa nhiing chu trUdng, chinh sach phd hdp vd cd biin phdp xU l-^, ngdn chgn nhUng thi liic, phan tU ldi dting tdn gido chdng phd sti nghiip cdch mgng nUdc ta Tii khda: tdn gido; chuyin biin ddi sdng tdn gido; cdng tdc tdn gido Abstract: Religious life is apart ofthe spiritual life of the society, a factor of superstructure has been and is moving, changed strongly together with the development of socio-economic This change affects not only the religious situation but also the social life of our country It is necessary to anticipate the changing trends of religious life, to take appropriate initiatives, to take measures to handle and prevent the forces and elements that abuse religions against the cause of our country's revolution Keywords: religion; transforming religious life; religion Ngdy nhdn bdi: 19/4/2018 Ngdy sUa bdi: 13/5/2018 Ngdy duyit ddng: 01/6/2018 I Xu hifdng chuyen bien ddi song tdn gilo d nfldc ta hiln Sau hdn ba mfldi nam doi mdi, Vilt Nam da dgt dflgc nhilu tgu to ldn vl ed y nghia ljch sfl, ddi sdng dan sinh, tiinh din trf cua ngfldi dan cd bflde phat trien nhanh chdng Cflng vdi qui trinh do, DSTG cung ed sfl ehuyen bidn quan trgng theo xu hfldng on djnh, Tuy nhiin, thflc te van cdn tilm an nhflng ylu td phflc tgp Cd t h i khai quat xu hfldng chuyin biin DSTG d nflde ta dien thdi gian tdi nhfl sau: Mdt Id, DSTG d Viet Nam tilp tgc di vdo boat ddng on dinh Phln ldn tdn giao d nfldc ta cd ljch sfl phdt triin llu dai, giao quyln mgnh me vl chat che Cle tdn giao tiep tue hogt ddng theo dfldng hfldng tien bg da xae djnh: Phit giao vdi Dao phap - Dan tOe - Chfl nghia xa hpi, Cdng giao vdi Song Phue am gifla ldng Dan tge Tin lanh vdi Sdng Phuc Im phgng sfl Thiln chua, phgc vg T6 qu6c va dong hanh vdi Din tde, Cao Dii vdi Nflde vinh - Dgo sang, Tuy nhien, nfldc ta van cdn mdt so tdn giao ed gilo quyen ldng leo, mdi hinh nin de bi chia re, mit 6n djnh vdi nhilu mflc dd khae nhau, tfly thudc vao * ThS, TrUdng Dgi hoc Noi vy Hd Ndi 87 I Tap chi Khoa hoc Ndi vu KINH NGHliM-THUC TIEN joy vile thfle hiln chinh sach doi vdi tdn giao va sfl lgi dgng cua cdc the lgc thfl dich; Hai Id, DSTG tilp tgc da dgng hda va s6 ngfldi theo tdn gido ngly mdt tang len Co the ndi, xu t h i da dang hda tiong DSTG la he qua tit ylu cua qud trinh hdi nhdp qude te cua Viet Nam Gido sfl Dang Nghiim Vgn eho rang: "khdng gian xa hdi eua tflng el nhan khdng cdn bd hep mgt vung, mdt khu vflc, ma dd md rdng toan d u Con ngfldi khdng tilp cdn chi vdi mOt tdn gido truyin thdng cua riing minh, md vdi cdc tdn gilo khlc, "[7] Nhfl vdy, qui trinh niy giup ngfldi din khdng ehi tilp can vdi nhflng tdn giao cua ddn tOc minh ma cdn biet tdi tdn giao eua d c din tdc khae, tfl dd ed nhflng Ifla ebon ve tdn giao HI qua tat yeu cua da dang hda tdn giao la, nlu nhfl tdn giao truyin thong nao khdng dap flng dflgc nhu clu quin chung (do hgn che vl gilo ly, nghi le, ) thi sebj thay t h i bdi mdt tdn giao nao phu hdp hdn; Ba Id, tiip tgc xuat hien d c tdn giao mdi Trong ljch sfl, hiln tfldng tdn giao mdi ludn diln ra, tdn gido thfldng ddi d e thdi k^ ehuyin tilp cua xa hdi, dly la giai dogn ngfldi din d m thIy bit 6n tiong cugc song tinh hinh an ninh chinh trj cang thang, ddi sdng kinh tl, xa hdi cd nhflng thay doi khd doan djnh Dilu dd lim eho ddi sdng xa hgi ndi chung vl DSTG ndi rieng ed nhilu biin dOng Cd nhflng dilu trflde day II sfl tin tfldng, sfl ngfldng md DSTG, thi lgi ton tai sfl "lung lay" va "bit trie", niem tin trflde trd tin dilu thi gid ddy ngfldi lgi dgt sfl nghi ngd Tic nhin dd tat yeu dan den sfl suy gidm nilm tin, "khd dgo", nhgt dao vd he qua la mdt bg phln ngfldi din lgi di tim tdn giao eho rieng minh Dly la nhflng ed sd cho sfl ddi khuynh hfldng tdn gilo mdi i I Tap ehl Khoa hoc Ndi vu Nbfl vly, sfl xuat hiln nhflng hiln tflgng tdn gido mdi la kit qua tat ylu cua sfl biin doi xa hgi tie ddng cua toin clu hda, kinh t l tri thflc, phdt trien khoa hge, cdng nghi, kinh t l thi trfldng, Dilu ding quan tdm hdn II hien tflgng tdn giao mdi ndy ed tde dOng khdng ehi tdi DSTG m l edn cd ddi sdng xd hdi Nhflng xu hfldng efla tdn gido mdi vfla ed tinh tieh cflc vfla cd tinh tiiu ctic Van dl II cho du bao duge nhflng xu hfldng tiln bd de phat huy va kjp thdi ngan ngfla nhflng khuynh hfldng tiiu egc cd t h i ndy sinh; Bdn Id, xu hfldng DSTG hdi nhip slu vdi ddi song xa hdi Ngfldi ta hay ggi hiln tflgng tdn giao tham nhgp vao ddi song xl hOi II tdn giao the tgc hda Day II xu t h i ndi trOi giai doan hiln vdi bieu hien rat phong phu va da dgng Viec d e tdn giao d n g hda nhgp vao ddi sdng xa hOi Id mOt tit ylu, bdi le: "tdn gilo khdng the tach khdi mOt cOng ddng, mdt din tdc, mdt dIt nfldc nhdt dinh Do dd, nd chju sg tie ddng eua ddi s6ng kinh tl, van hda, xd hdi, mdi trUdng, thi ehl chfnh trj va phap lult cua cdng ddng, ddn tdc vl cfla quoc gia" [6] Trong giai doan hiln nay, thi tgc hda II qui trinh thich nghi cua gilo hOi d c tdn gilo vdi nhflng dilu kiln dang thay doi cua t h i gidi dUdng dai Thi tgc hda cd nghia Id tdn gilo dang tich cUe thim nhgp vIo t h i gidi, trd lgi vdi hiln thge, d6i diln trUc tilp vdi cudc song va dang eo gang giii quylt nhflng van de efla nhan gian Xu hfldng thi tgc hda da thue day tdn giao tham nhip sau rgng vdo ddi sdng eon ngfldi The tgc hda II xu hfldng till ngflgc vdi xu hfldng than thinh hda, thieng Ueng hda Cho dfl tinh silu nhien la dde trflng cua tdn giao, nhflng ngdy tdn gido dang cd xu hfldng gin vdi ddi s6ng hiln thflc hdn DSTG nhflng nam gin ddy dang gilm dan V X KINH NGHliM-THUC TliN sU huyln bi hoge than bi niem tin tdn giao Su phdt trien cfla khoa hgc, cdng nghiip cimg vdi nang eao din tri, thdng tin da ehilu, toin diln va phong phfl da ldm cho nilm tin tdn giao truyin thdng bi phai nhgt Mdt s6 tdn giao v6n cd thong giao If dd so, nghiem nggt, to ehfle chgt che, tgo niem tin an slu vao ddi song tinh than cua tin dd hdng ngan nam, dd khdng cdn mang tinh todn ven, tuyet ddi; trdn trgng va phit huy xu hUdng dan tOc hda tdn giao de gin gifl va bao vl van hda din tdc theo hudng hda nhdp nhUng khdng hda tan Mgt s6 van de dat cdng tac quan 1^ hoat ddng tdn giao d nfldc ta ThU nhdt, ve nhgn thfle va flng xfl ddi vdi nhflng vIn dl lien quan tdi ddi s6ng tdn giao Tilp tgc thfle hiln tinh thin ddi mdi ddi vdi DSTG theo quan diem eua Ding vd Nhd nflde ta Dd la: xac djnh tdn giao II mdt thflc Nam Id, xu hfldng tdn giao trd lgi vdi dan the ton tgi llu dai, la nhu d u tinb thin cfla tgc Cd t h i thIy elc tdn giao dan tdc bat re tfl mgt bd phdn nhan dan; nhin nhgn va phit din tdc, nd gin chat vd bin vflng vdi tflng dan huy nhflng gil trj tich cgc vl vIn hda, dao dfle tgc Ph Angnghen vilt: "Nhflng vi thin dflde eua tdn gilo; thflc hiln nhat quin ehinh sach tgo bang d c h d mdi din tgc la nhflng vi tdn trgng va bao dim quyen tfl tin ngfldng than dan tde; Unh vflc chi phdi cua d e vj thin cfla nhin dan, theo hoac khdng theo mgt khdng vflgt qua biin gidi eua lanh thd din tdn giao nIo, quyln sinh hogt tdn gilo binh tdc ma d e vj than ly phdi bio ve, va d ngoli thfldng; diu tranh vdi nhflng hanh vi phgm biin gidi thi cic vi thin khde tiln hanh phap lugt, ldi dgng tdn giao vi mgc dfch chinh mdt sg thong trj khdng al tranh gilnh dflgc trj xdu, van hda lgc hau Nhflng ngi dung vl Tat ca d e vi than ay ehi ed t h i tiep tge tdn tai nhin thflc vl flng xfl vdi DSTG eua Ding la tiong ehi tfldng tfldng chflng nio dan tdc tao dung dan, rd rang va phu hdp vdi hoan d n h d c vi than ay edn ton tgi" [5] Vi vgy, tdn thge tiln cua dat nflde Ben egnh do, d n bo gilo truyin thdng hay tdn giao dan tge dflde sung tinh thin doi mdi trin eho phu hgp vdi eoi II vu khf de bao ve ban sac din tge Ngfldi xu hfldng ehuyen bien DSTG d nflde ta ta hay ggi vi?e tdn giao trd lai vdi din tdc la dilu kiln hiln nay, xae djnh tdn dan tdc hda Trflde xu hfldng toan d u hda giao II mOt ngudn Iflc cua xa hdi Chung ta hiln nay, da s6 d e tdn giao ed xu hfldng qudc d n nhin nh|n hogt ddng xd hOi II mdt the te hda Tuy nhiin, bin egnh lai xuit hiln mgnh cua cic tdn giao d Viet Nam nhflng mdt bd phgn tdn gilo trd lgi vdi dan tde, gan nam vfla qua, tdn giao da tham gia tich cflc bd vdi din tdc, ting cfldng bao ve bin sac van vao d e hoat ddng xd hgi, nhat la boat ddng hda riing cua minh Cic tdn gido trd lgi vdi tfl thiln vl cd nhflng ddng gdp vile giai dan tdc da vl dang sfle gifl gin va bdo vl ban quylt cic van dl khIc cua xa hgi Vi vly, sac van hda cua dan tdc Ngoai ra, cung cd xu nhgn thflc, ngoli vile nhin nhan vd phit huy hfldng mgt so tdn giao tfl bien doi d l phu hgp mat tich cflc cfla cic tdn giao vl van hda, dgo vdi phong tue, tgp quan efla tflng cdng ddng dfle, chflng ta nin cd quan dilm eoi tdn gilo va bin sac van hda cua mdi qudc gia, Nhfl la ngudn lUe xd hdi, tfldng thich hdn nfla vdi vly, tdn giao din tOc II mdt nhflng ylu lugt phdp qudc tl Viet Nam dang md efla vd to tich cflc eua xu hUdng ehuyen biin DSTG hOi nhgp qudc t l sdu rOng, chflng ta da gia d Vilt Nam hiln Chung ta d n cd thai nhgp nhilu to chflc qudc tl, ky kit nhieu Hilp 31 Tgp chi Khoa hoc Ndi vu KINH NGHliM-THUC TliN J'J/F fldc qudc tl Vi vly, chung ta phii tuIn theo nhflng quy dinh chung eua d e td chflc, cde khoi m l chung ta tham gia ThU hai, thflc hiln binh ding tdn giao trflde phap lult Vilt Nam II mdt qude gia cd nhieu loai hinh, td chflc tdn gilo Cd tdn gilo truyin vdo tfl rat sdm nhfl Phdt gido, Hdi gido, Cdng gilo; cd tdn gido mdi truyin vdo nhfl Tin lanh, hole la tdn gido mdi ddi nhfl Cao ddi, Phdt giao Hda hlo; ed tdn gilo ddng tin dd phgm vi boat dgng rdng rdi nhfl Phdt gilo (12 trilu), Cdng gido (6,5 trilu); ed tdn gilo tin dd it hdn, pham vi hogt ddng hep hdn nhfl Cao dii (2,5 trilu), Phat gilo Hda Hlo (1,5 trilu) Tin linh (khoang 1,5 trilu) Mgt sd tdn giao truyin vao sdm gdp phln tao van hda, dgo dfle ldi sdng, tam ly eua ngfldi Viet Nam, gdp phln gifl gin va bao vl dgc lap ddn tdc "hd qudc an ddn", nhflng eung ed tdn giao truyin vao tao nhflng khdc bilt, thgm ehi xung dgt vl van hda, bj lgi dgng bdi d c the Ige xam Ifldc da tao khoang each vdi din tgc, va niy sinh nhflng van de mdi quan he vdi chfnh quyln Thflc trgng tdn gido nhfl trin ddt vile flng xfl vdi tdn gido phdi ehu y din vile binh dang tdn giao, trinh vile quan tim din tdn gido nay, he phai niy md khdng quan tim din tdn giao khae, h | phai khac Phdi hieu rang mgi ton tgi diu ed gia trj, nhu d u nhat djnh d n dflge quan tdm, dip flng Khdng dflge flng xfl vdi cde tdn gido theo hfldng "duy tinh", (lay tinh d m Id ehinh) Vile tdn trgng nguyen tae trin se khdng gdy hoge lam trim trgng hdn mdu thuan gifla d c tdn gilo Dfldng loi, chinh saeh tdn giao eua Dang va Nha nfldc ta II tdn trgng va bdo dim sfl binh dang gifla d e giao hOi tdn giao Vile nang cao nhan thflc, hilu dung vl tdn gilo eho ddi ngu d n bg, giflp hg ed each nhin 90 I Tap ehf Khoa hgc Ndi vg mdi ve tdn giao xu the hdi nhgp, xda bd nhflng mge d m qua khfl de lai, nhat II ddi vdi nhflng tdn giao ldn sfl ddng hanh va phit triin eflng din tde la rlt d n thilt Ngoai ra, chung ta can lflu f din van de tdn gilo va elc quy djnh vl phap lult Hien phap Binh ding II nguyin tic flng xfl cua xa hdi tiln bd; ThU ba md rdng quan h | quoc te eua cac td chflc tdn giao Nhilu tdn giao d Vilt Nam dflge du nhap tfl bin ngoai vao Dieu eung ed nghia la tdn giao d Viet Nam ed mdi quan he qude tl kha rgng rai, do, Cdng giao Vi|t Nam nam td ehfle cfla Gilo hdi Cdng giao dflng dau Id giao trieu Vatican vdi 1,25 ty tin ed mat d 193 quoc gia vd vung ldnh tho Tin ldnh Vilt Nam mdi quan h i vdi Tin ldnh t h i gidi trin dfldi 750 tiieu tin dd, nhIt la vdi Tin Iinh My vd Tin ldnh Han Qude Phgt giao Viet Nam mdi quan h? vdi Phat giao t h i gidi vdi 350 trilu tin d6, nhat Id vdi Phgt gilo d e nflde ldng gilng, Ngoai d e tdn giao cd mdi quan he ndi tren, hiln ed khoang 4,0 trilu ngfldi Viet Nam d nfldc ngoai dd d My la hdn 2,0 trilu, da s6 la tin d e tdn gilo Do dd, cdc tdn giao d Viet Nam cdn chju tic ddng cfla cic cl nhin, cle td ehfle tdn gilo cua ngfldi Vilt Nam d nflde ngoli qua dfldng Vilt kilu, hdi hfldng, du ljch, thim thin, Quan h | quoc te eua d c tdn gilo dang la van dl ldn vl quan trgng doi vdi cdng tie tdn giao cung nhfl edng tie quan If nhi nfldc vl tdn gilo Thflc t l eho thay, thdi gian qua, edng tic doi ngogi tdn gilo cd ddng gdp tieh efle vile thflc hien chinh sach ddi ngogi rgng md eua Nhd nflde Viet Nam cdng cuOe ddi mdi vl hdi nhgp qude t l theo tinh thin "Viet Nam la bgn, II ddi tic tin cay V X KINH NGHliM-THUC TliN efla d e nflde edng dong qudc tl, phan diu VI hod binh, dge ldp vd phdt triin" Lflc Iflgng tham gia hoat dgng ddi ngogi tdn giao khdng ngflng dflgc md rOng vd phdt huy hieu qui thgc tien vdi dja bin hoat ddng ngly d n g da dgng, doi tae quan h i trin kinh ddi ngogi tdn gilo ngdy d n g phong phfl, gdp phln quan trgng dfla hinh anh Viet Nam vdi thi gidi, dd cd vile thdng qua d e cuge lim vile, trao doi cfla d c doan d n bg, chflc sac d e tdn giao cfla Vilt Nam vdi d c doln nflde ngoai trin tinh than hgp tac, thiln ehf va tang cfldng sfl hieu bilt lan nhau, cac ehuyen tham eua cic doln nflde ngodi vao Viet Nam; hdnh chinh thdng thfldng, hole "tang cfldng" theo hfldng tat d elc hogt ddng tdn giao deu qua sg chap thudn eua chinh quyln se dan din hgu qua xau quan h | tdn gilo vdi ehinh quyen n h i nfldc "bing mat chfl khdng bang long" Trong quin ly hogt ddng tdn gilo phdi eung vdi sg hfldng din cic hogt dOng eua d e tdn giao, coi vile hfldng din la ndi dung qudn Iy Cdng tie quan 1^ tdn giao phai chfl trgng vile ddi thogi, lang nghe trin tinh than tdn trgng sfl thit, ehin vl thang than de tgo sfl ddng thugn Lim dflgc dieu se tranh dflge nhflng he qui philn phflc bdi nlu Ip dgng phap lugt, xfl ly tinh huong cd liln quan den tdn gilo khdng tot cd tbI dly ThU tu, tang cfldng edng tie hfldng din nhflng vg vile tdn gilo ddn gian thinh phflc quin ly boat ddng tdn gilo tgp, tgo thinh nhflng "diem ndng" tdn gilo va Trong qua trinh tdn tgi, bit cfl quoc gia xung ddt xa hdi hay dudi bat cfl the che ehinh trj nIo, tdn giao Tdm lgi, chuyen bien DSTG d Vilt Nam deu chju sg dilu chinh efla phip lult Khdng mang lgi nhflng gia trj tich cflc ddi vdi xa hgi, cd tdn giao nao dflng tren phip lult hay dflng ddng thdi cung chfla dgng nhflng yeu to phflc ngoli phap lugt Vi|t Nam bflde vao thdi ky tap, bflc xfle Vi vly, Dang va Nha nflde ta can doi mdi toan dien, ed doi mdi vl ed nhflng dilu chinh ve chfnh sach eho phu dudng loi, ehinh saeh doi vdi tdn gilo VI hdp vdi hoan d n h thflc tiln VI nhdn thflc nhin thfle tdn gilo, Dang va N h i nfldc Viet cIn phdt huy vai trd eua tdn giao ddi Nam dl xac djnh tdn gilo II mdt thflc the sdng xa hpi, phai eoi tdn gilo la mOt llu dai, II tinh than cua nhin din, tdn gilo nhflng ngudn lflc cua xa hdi d n dflde tran la ngudn Iflc xa hdi Do dd, nflde ta can vfla trgng va khai thae, phai thdng nhat vl quin tdn trgng, vfla dam bao nhu d u tin ngfldng, triet sau sae toan bO he thdng ehinh tri tdn giao cua nhan din, vfla nhin nhgn va phit huy gia tri tieh cflc vl dgo dflc va vIn hda cua quan diem, ehinh sleh ddi mdi eua Dang vd cac tdn giao Cflng vdi thay ddi ve nh^n thflc Nhd nfldc ddi vdi tdn gido ddi vdi tdn giao, Nhd nfldc da ban hanh chinh saeh vd quy djnh phap lugt tgo thdnh hdnh TAi LIEU THAM K H A O lang phap If dam bdo cho d e boat ddng efla Ban Ton giao Chfnh phfl (1995), Cdc vdn tdn giao Quan ly hogt dgng tdn giao II mgt bdn cita Nhd nUdc ve hogt dgng tdn gido, Nxb Tdn logi hinh quin ly dge thfl ed nhieu diem khde giao Ha Npi so vdi edng tic quan ly ddi vdi cle Unh vflc Ban Ton gilo Chinh phu (1998), Cdc vdn khae Nlu khdng thIy tinh die thfl eua quan ly hogt dgng tdn giao md quan ly theo loi bdn phdp lugt vi tdn gido, Nxb Chinh tri Qude gia, Hd Ndi 911 Tgp chi Khoa hoc Noi vu ... ve ban sac din tge Ngfldi xu hfldng ehuyen bien DSTG d nflde ta ta hay ggi vi?e tdn giao trd lai vdi din tdc la dilu kiln hiln nay, xae djnh tdn dan tdc hda Trflde xu hfldng toan d u hda giao... va phit huy xu hUdng dan tOc hda tdn giao de gin gifl va bao vl van hda din tdc theo hudng hda nhdp nhUng khdng hda tan Mgt s6 van de dat cdng tac quan 1^ hoat ddng tdn giao d nfldc ta ThU nhdt,... II mOt ngudn Iflc cua xa hdi Chung ta hiln nay, da s6 d e tdn giao ed xu hfldng qudc d n nhin nh|n hogt ddng xd hOi II mdt the te hda Tuy nhiin, bin egnh lai xuit hiln mgnh cua cic tdn giao d