58 E K mmm^ ^m^ so9 2012 DgifcJ% XA Hfli HOC TAP Hoat dong khuyen hoc can chuyen hUofng manh me de dong hanh vcfi sir doi mofi can ban va toan dien cua giao due va dao tao THUY TAO Hpi vien KH Thanh H[.]
K-mmm^-^m^ 58 E_ so9-2012 DgifcJ% XA Hfli HOC TAP Hoat dong khuyen hoc can chuyen hUofng manh me de dong hanh vcfi sir doi mofi can ban va toan dien cua giao due va dao tao THUY TAO Hpi vien KH Thanh Hfla Khi nghien cDu Van kien cua Dgi hpi Dang ian IhD XI ve van de Doi mpi can ban va loan dien ddi vdi Gido dge va dao tgo (GD&DT), chDng Idi lien tudng den mpt hoat ddng quan Irgng ludn ddng hanh vdi GD&DT, dd la hoat dpng Khuyen hgc (KH), Chung tdi bong nhan mpl io gich tal yeu id KH eung ein cd mpt sy eiiuyen hudng tUdng Dng, manh me vd cung phai rd'l can ban, d l ed Ihe v l n di cDng vdi GD&DT doi mdi (OM) Nhu chung ta deu bie't, hogt dong KH S nuPc ta ID mdi dpi da vdn tu gdnh nhgn sD menh cham sdc eho Si/Hgc ciia cpng ddng, luc dau Id Irong cdc cpng ddng nhd hep nhUgia dinh, ddng hp, Idng xd, vd bdy gid Id ea mpl cpng ddng rpng Idn: lodn xd hpi Cdc hoai ddng ehu y l u cua KH idu vdn la xoay quanh nhiem vg khuyen khich vi hd tracUo sp hpc cua cpng ddng, IrUPc hit la nhDng ngUPI hgc dang can sU hd Irp dd, NhQng sU hd Ird eua KH bao gdm ca vat chat va tinh thin, tD nhDng cdi vdt chal eg the, Ihiel thUc nhU ddng lien, bat ggo, quyen saeh, lap gia'y, edi but, eho den nhDng sU ddng vien khich le Uch hgc tap, vd ca nhDng hinh IhDc vinh danh quy md, hoanh trdng vd I n tupng TD nhDng hogl dpng KH eg the ay da cd sDc lan Ida den nhdn IhDe vd thai dp eua cpng dong dd'i vdi Sy Hpc va vdi GD&DT ndi ehung, NhDng viec lam noi trfin lau da Ihyc sD cd lac dong lich cue den su phdt then tien bp cua GD&DT, va cang lam ro net hdn tinh xd hoi (XH) cua sU nghiep GD (DUOng nhien chung ta phai hieu GD&DT Id theo nghTa rpng, chD khong phai chf dong khung he thdng cac trudng hpe) Hdn 10 nam hoai dpng vDa qua cua Hpi KH, cac ddng gdp ay van dUde liep ndi Iruyen thong cu, tren quy md rong khlp ca nUde vd vdi cdc hinh IhDc hogt dong mdi me hdn, chat lUdng eao hdn trUde rat nhieu, Cung vpi nhDng hoat dpng eham sdc eho sU hpe cua XH nhU tren, thi ban than Hdi eung dUdc trUdng len rat nhieu ve mat to chuc, v l tim nhin hoat dpng, ve cdc mdl quan he he Ihong GD&DT va he Ihdng ehinh trj ndi Chung Cdng dong XH da ghi nhan vadanh gia eao nhDng tpu KH, eung nhU nhDng ddng gdp cua Hdi KH, va eoi dd nhu mpl diem sang eua ddi sdng kinh le- xa hdi (KT-XH) eua d i l nude d Ihdi ky DM, Nhin nhdn mpl each khach quan vd cdng blng Ihi eac hogt ddng KH nhu ldu da lam d i u Id nhQng ddng gop lo Idn va ral eP y nghTa ddi vdi sy phattriln cua GD&DT cung nhUvdi chiln lUde Con NgUdi Vi Irong dieu kien cua mdt d i t nude ma KT cd ban vdn Id KT ndng nghiep, ddi sdng nhdn ddn cdn nghfio, dan tri cdn thap, ed c h l quan ly KTXH cdn nhieu bat cap,,., nhu Viet Nam chung ta hifin nay, thi ed le khdng the tao tieh KH cao hdn nhDng gi ma ehdng ta da lam dUdc NhUng ro rang la vdi nhQng myc tifiu KH nhu cu ay, vdi cdch lam KH nhu cu ay, vdi trinh dd can bfl KH nhu cu ay, vdi thilt c h l XH nhu cu ay cua Hpi KH, .thi chung la khdng the yen tam va ky vgng nhilu hdn, cao hdn hogl dpng KH Irong IUdng lai, nhal la GD&DT da dupe doi mPi (DM) edn ban va loan dien theo cCing vdi su phdl tnen clia KT-XH hudng tdi mpt nude edng nghiep hifin dgi i Da din IDc chDng la phai cd each nhin khie trUdcve nhDng gi ma GD&DT dang can d sy khuyin khieh va ho trd ciJa KH Do dd, nlu KH khdng dupc chuyen hudng thi hoat dpng se trd nen tri tre, Igc hau, va tham ehi id gdy ean Ird cho sU phat triln DM cisa GD&DT, Dung vgy, eung deu hieu hoat dong KH ludn hudng din mgc lieu Id khuyen khieh va ho Ird cho Sy Hgc eua todn XH, Idm eho sy hpe eua mpi ngUdi cd chal IDpng va hieu qua hdn, eung IQc Id gdp phin IhDe day sU phat Irien lien bp cua GD&DT Mge dieh eudi eung va bao trum cua GD&DT Id chat lupng DT eon ngudi, ddi IUdng lac ddng cua GD&DT la nguPi hpc Theo dd thi muc lieu then chdt cua hogt dgng KH la gop phin lam ldng them c h l l IUpng cho san pham cua GD&DT - eon ngDdi, vd ddi IUdng ldc ddng (tuy gian liep) cua KH cung la dci tupng cDa GD&DT - ngDdi hpc, Chung ta hay xem xet ky hdn vai tro eua KH moi quan he KH - GD&DT: tac ddng tQ KH din G D&OT duipfe coi nhuti mgt ngoai t^ec quan trgngcda G D&DT, cdn ban than GD&DT thi ludn liep nhan ngoai IDc dd (edng vdi nhieu ngogi IDc khac) de lang them sDc mgnh cho npi lUc ty than, Sy phal triln l i l n bd cua GD&DT trude h l l phai ndi IUc tu Ihdn nd quyet dmh, theo dDng quy ludl phdl then bifin chDng ddi vdi mpi sp vdl, hien tupng, Ngogi lyc ID KH, cho dii Id manh, eung khong the Ihay the cho vai trd cua ngi IUc cua GD&DT - la ddng lUc chu y l u de phal Inen GD&DT, Do dfl ngogi luc KH tao chlcd gii tri ngoai luc dd tic dgng dUdc vio noili/C cua GD&DT cgng hudng dugc vdi ndi lyc c£ia G D&DT, giup cho ndi lyc eua GD&DT phdl huy dupe sDc mgnh ldi da de lam nen ehat lupng Chat iugng cDa GD&DT suy cho ciing ehinh Id kit qui long hdp cua chit lOdng tOsOhgc cua mgingUdi hgc.-Nh\Svh'i eung cP nghTa la ngi IQc cua GD&DT ludn dupe xem xet ID cai goe Id npi li/d ti/hqccua nguPi hge, nP la hinh anh thdt dUpc phdng to Ifin IQ npi lyc ty hpe cCia ngudi hpc Bdi vl, ban ch& cua SI/Hpc ti Ti/Hgc quy lugt cua sy hpc la su vdn hdnh cua npi lyc ty hpc, ngi lyc ty hpc mdi la nhdn td quyll dinh dilt lupng eua sy hpc d mdi ngDdi hpc ndi rifing, va ehat lupng cua GD&BT ndi chung ^*%?i(^i tmm 50 Ldm KH nhu thpi xDa va nhu Idu nay, nhieu ldm cung chi Id ddng deu lodn cdng ddng, lai vdn cP t'nh Y rat mgnh b tao cho GD&DT mgt ngogi lyc manh, chii chim xoay chuyin kha nhilu ngudi, nfin vdn ludn can den su eham sdc cua KH, dOfcgl ding keddi vdi ngi luc cua GD&DT, bdi vi d c hogt ddng ein dUde khdi ddng, kich thieh thupng xuyfin ID hoat dflng KH cy t h l ciia KH chua h i tilp egn dupe vdi ndi lpc tD hpc cua Nhu Vdn kien Dai hpi Dang lln ttiD XI da ndi rd: TnJdc dpi ngDdi hpc d day rat can phai xem xet Igi nhQng A/I/STI khuySt hdi cua dat nudc, GD&DT phai thuc hien mdt sy DM can bin vi h$n chiciia ngoai lpc ID KH lau Dd Id t'nh phien dien, va toan dien theo dd Ihi phli chuyen tam tOyeucaucung nhdt thdi, ludn disau, GD&DT lai dang can nhDng sy cap tri thdc li chu yeusani^ yiu cau chil dao la ren luyen nan tdc dpng bao qudt, deu khap, thudng xuyfin, ludn ehu dpng di li^singt^o, tuduy dgclap, kynangtuGD, tuDTcho ngUdi hpc tn/dc hodc di eung Thdt vdy, KH mpi chi cd tdc ddng d i n dUde Chat lUdng eua GD&DT qua DM cung se phai ludn dupe xem mfit bfi phan ngUdi hgc (ngudi ngheo, khd, cd y ehi, cd Ihanh xet theo cac yeu eau col ldi dd De dap Ung dUdc yeu eau DM Hch hpc tdp, ) chD chUa de m i l d i n dupe lodn bp ngudi hpc, ndi tren thi dUdng nhien GD&DT phai tap trung vao giai phdp KH mdi chi nhin thay va ho trp, khich le ve vdt chit vd tmh thin DM each day va each hpe, Irong dd dae biel phai tgo dyng, vdl nhQng IhD ma bg phan nhd dang thilu, chQ chUa lam tri, phal huy,.,.eho dupc npi luc tu hpe d mpi ngudi hoc Vd hoat dupc viee dd eho todn I h l ddng dao ngudi hge (ke ea vdi bd ddng KH mudn Ihuc hien dUpc sD menh chdm sdc sp hpe cua phfin nhd ndy), vdi cai nhan td cdt Idi nhal - ndi lpc ly hpe - ma mpi ngudl, gdp phan IhDc day chit lUOng cua GD&DT Ihi khdng lit ca deu dang thilu nghiem trpng NhDng tae dong cua KH thl cD lam nhu cu, nghTa la cD chay quanh ngoai vi cua sU hgc, chi-rdm rp Ifin theo dinh ky (cudi ndm hoe chang han) ehD cDdPng d xa cdi npi IUc tU hoc khd llnh cua ngUdi hoc mai dUpc khdng ludn thudng tryc vPi ngudi hpc nhu nhu c l u dich thye I Hoat dpng KH cung phai chuyen hudng, tD hoat ddng theo cua su hpc, Vi khdng tde ddng vdo ndi lye ty hgc cua ngudi kieu phong trao sang hoat ddng Iheo eung edeh mdl ehuyen hpe nen tdc ddng cua KH khdng t h l di InJdc hoae di eung vdi sy mon, nghiep vg (luy van la mdt hoat dgng XH), ID hogl dpng hpc, bao gid cung phai chP dpi k i t qua cua sy hoc (iDc la su ndng llnh hinh IhDe be no/'sang hoai dongcd cP/'eu sau khoa danh gid cDa GD&DT) vd phai ludn di sau, ludn t h l bj dpng hgc Hogt ddng KH khdng ID bo nhiem vu hP trd ddng lien, bdt khd trdnh, Dd Id chUa k l d i n nhDng de dal khdng ddng phai giQ gao, khuyen khieh, dgng vien, vinh danh, ddi vdi cac tam gin phai ddi mat vdi nhDng lieu cUc cua GD&DT, ludn phai gudng hieu hgc va dal (budc dau), nhu lau dang im ldng, thdm chi cdn bi Idy nhilm benh ID GD&DT (ehang han lam, ma cdn phai lam them va ehuyen trpng tam sang eong nhu Ihdi khflng trung thUe vd benh Ihdnh tich) Ngoai ra, cung viec mPi la chim lo cho ndi lUe tu hgc d mgi ngudi hpc phli noi thfim mdt khidm khuyet he qua khae nQa cua ngogi lyc Chilu sdu eua hoai dong KH, chit luong eua hoai dpng KH ID KH, Id mich sai dudng eho GD&DT mpt each khdng ehu chlnh la d chfl cac hoat dgng ay fac ddng dugc vao ndi 11,0: ti/hgc djnh, Binh tTnh va Ihang thin md nhin nhdn lai Ihi chlnh ngoai cua ngudi hgc Bay gid lam KH ihi viec chinh la thyc hien cac lye tD KH efl thl da lam bifin dgng meo mo di cai ngi lyc ty hgc tac ddng dung quy luat vao noi IUe tU hoe eiJa ngUdi hgc Can dang rll hilm hoi va ehua dupc ehuan mpe eua ngUPi hgc ndi bd vd hdl vien KH phai bill each lao dung cho ngUPi hgc npi lye ndng vd cua GD&DT ndi chung, Chang hgn, KH chi Iuon hd ty hge, phai biet each giup ngudi hgc ren luyen va van dung trp, khuyin khfeh, vinh danh nhDng dien hinh ed tfeh dd nang lye lU hgc, va ban than cung phai bill ty hpc, phai la mpt dgt eao eua GD&DT (vi hign chUa co each danh gia khac tam gUdng tU hoe sudt ddi Day IhUc su la mdl edng viee mdi !), la vo hinh Irung da de cao cai kieu hgc lech lac benh hoan me va kho khan, doi hdi to ehDc Hdi KH phai cd nhQng DM lich theo triet ly GD Ong thi, trongdd cai nhan tdcd't loi la ngi lyctu eye tren nhieu phuong dien: tU mdi ve KH, thilt ehe XH hge sdng vd ehuan mUc ma ehung ta dang can lai ehUa mdi cua KH, trinh dp mdi cua hdi vien vd edn bg KH, phUdng dupc xem xfit va chUa cd vai ird chu dao Tat ca nhung khilm phdp hoat ddng mdi cua KH, khuyit vd hgn ehl ndi trfin cua ngogi lyc ID lae dpng eua KH ehi Cung can phai ndi them dteu nDa Trong van kien dupe khae phyc mdl edeh can ban KH chuyen hudng lac DH Xi vdn neu lai yeu cau " Can thuc hien XH hoa GD&DT, dflng vdo nfli lyc ty hgc cCia ngUdi hgc can tao ca hoi va dieu kien de moi ngUdi dUgc hoc tap sudt ddi, " Tren IhUc te thi Hgi KH dang la mdt IUc lupng ehij edng Nfii lye ty hpe ma chung la dang can trang bj Igi eho mgi ngUdi hgc ludn bao gdm hai nhdm thinh phan chinh yeu.Irong viec thUe hien chu trUdng XH hda GD&DT, va xay dung nhdm nhdn td v l tinh than ti/hgc (ddng cd, y chl, thai do, ) va XH hoe Idp De lam dUOc nhDng viec nay, tUe la lam eho mpi nhdm nhdn Id v l nang li/c ti/hge {phUdnq phdp, ky nang,.,.), ngudi dan deu dUde hgc va hpc co chat lUdng va hieu qua, thi hoat dpng KH khong thl khdng nhin vai tro quylt dmh cua Sy thilu hgt nfii lyc ty hge d nguPi hgc dang Id mpl dilm yeu rSt Cd ban trcng chat IDpng OT d mgi nganh/bgc/cap hpc hien nhdn id ndi IUe tU hpc d mdi ngudi hpc, va khong the khong Cham lo cho nhdn td Do sp chuyen hudng cua hogt nay, DP dfl, mdt nhDng giai phap eg the de DM can ban ddng KH nhuda neu d tren (/DPI no/sa/igc/j/eu sau, hudng tdi GD&DT Id phli thay doi edeh day va edeh hge, phai tde ddng vdo c l Ihly vd trd, Thiy phai bill dgy cdch ty hpc eho trd (chD tic ddng vao ndi luc tuhoc cua ngUdi hgc) eung la xuat phal ea ID nhQng nhiem vu ma KH da va dang dam nhan, ehU khdng khfing phli chi dgy Iri thDc), va Ird phai hoe cdch tD hgc (chD chi la chuyen cua tudng lai lau ddi khflng phli chf hpc Iri IhQc) de trd nen ed ndng IUc ty hpc, roi phdl blng ty hgc ma vUdn lfin dgt chll IDpng DT Vi vdy KH tac Tdm lai, su chuyen hUdng manh me cua KH la rat can dflng vdo nfli lye ly hpc cua ngudi hpc khdng chf nham gdp thilt, vi Ipi ieh eua ca GD&DT va cua ca ban than KH Hogl phin gili quylt cdi ylu kem hifin cua ehal IUpng GD&DT, ddng KH khdng Ihay doi Ihi khdng the ddng hanh eung sp DM md cdn Id m^t yfiu c l u r l l ed ban eua hogl dpng KH, Id Igo nfin cua GD&DT dupe, hifiu qua ddng gdp cho GD&DT se thu hgp mfit sy tdc dfing mang tinh ban cft^'fcho GD&DT, va la phUdng din, se ty ddnh mil dan vai trd quan trgng da tgo dpng dupc, va hudng hogt dfing Idu ddi, cd y nghTa ehiln lupe cCia hogt dpng tren h l l Id sy thifit Ihdi Idn eho lpi ieh chung cua sy nghifip KH Cho dQ sau ndy tinh hinh KT-XH cd nhDng liln bfi Idn, 'Irdng ngudi", Toan XH dang ky vgng d sy DM cdn ban vd toan trinh dd dfin iri cd dUpc ndng cao hdn Ifin, thi chit logng cOa difin cua GD&DT vd d sy chuyen hudng theo chlSu siu cua stf hgc v5n ludn dn dUgc bio dim bing n^i lifi: ti/ hgc cua mdi KH de d hai deu ddng hdnh va phat then, Iheo cung vdi sy r>gJOihgc li chlnh, chD khfing phli blng d c ngogi lye khde Vd k5n mgnh cua dat nudc bdi nfli lyc ndy ludn Id mpt nhdn id khdng bin vDng vd khfing