BDI MOI CAN BAN VA TOAN OIlN GIAO DOC BAO TAO VIlT NAM Bf HOAT MOT SO BIlN PNAP TO NNAN 0JiN THDC TITN GIAO DOC O TS l i THI TUYiT HANH '''' 1 Thyc frqng gIdo dye ddo Iqo d nude la Theo ddnh gid cua UNES[.]
BDI MOI CAN BAN VA TOAN OIlN GIAO DOC - BAO TAO VIlT NAM Bf HOAT MOT SO BIlN PNAP TO NNAN 0JiN THDC TITN GIAO DOC O TS l i THI TUYiT H A N H ' Thyc frqng g I d o dye - d d o Iqo d nude l a dudng du hpe, sou do, da sd se d Ipi sinh sdng Theo ddnh gid cua UNESCO: «Gido dye (GD) vd Idm v i l e d nude ngodi gdy tdn thdt eijng nhu V i l t N a m d d d p i dugc nhijng thdnh cdng frong Idng phi h l n cOa, chd't xdm cOa nhdn ddn ; 6) v i f c huy ddng ti 1^ cao frS em d i n trudng vd gidm GV ludn chju nhliu sue ep vd di bi ton thuong t? 1$ b d hgc: 67% cdc tfnh thdnh dd dqt dugc phd bdl nhung ddnh gid tieu ci/c cua xa hdi ( v l edp G D dung d d tudi; 74% phd cqp G D THCS; ti nhung h i | n lugng t i l u eye phd b l l n cuo ngdnh: 1^ ddn sd b i l l dpc, b i l l v i l t d dp hjoi dudi Id d g y t n i m , hgc tnem, chgy t r u d n g , chgy Idp, 94% Tuy nhlSn, chinh d i l u ndy d d Idm tdng d p muo d i e m , muo bang vd mdt b d phdn G V lye nhu cdu cOo xd hgl dd'i vdi h i thdng G D frong khdng xu'ng d d n g «ld tdm guong cho HS noi v i ^ cung edp dieh vy G D vdi ehdt lucmg ngdy theo" ; 7} Ddi sd'ng vd thu nhdp cua da sd' cdng cao eOng nhu eho t h ^ sy chenh l ^ h khd rd GV edn d muc thd'p, nhd nude chua tqo dugc CO e h i ' thieh hgp vd d i l u k i l n co sd vdt ehdt giua cdc vOng, m l l n " (1} hgp de GV phdt huy sdng tgo, d p d y n g DO dd dgt dugc nhQng thdnh h/u nhd't djnh d d i mdi PPDH, ndng eoo chd't lugng ddo tpo nhung ehdt lupng GD-DT nude to vdn d muc d d D i l u ndy dd dugc tdng ket V d n kien Dqi thd'p, chua ddp Ong duge sy ki vpng cua nhdn hdi XI (2011) cuo D d n g : «Chd't lugng GD-DT ddn, nhu cdu xd hdi vd rd't khd d l cd the hdi chua d d p u n g yeu cdu phdt t r i l n , nhd't Id d d o nhdp qudc t l Cy t h i : 1) Chd't lugng ddo tgo cdn tqo ngudn nhdn lye trinh d p coo van cdn hpn thd'p: Sinh v i l n tdt n g h i l p chua ddp ung dupe e h i ; ehuo chuyen mqnh sang ddo tqo theo nhu nhu cdu cOa nhd hjyen dyng (khodng 74% phdi edu Clio x d hdi Chua gidi quyet lot mdi quan ddo tgo Iqi) M p l sd lugng Idn hpc sinh (HS) td't he giiJa tdng sd l u g n g , quy md vol ndng cao n g h i l p phd thdng, khdng vdo dugc dpi hpe, hdu chd't lugng, g\ua d g y ehu vd d q y ngudi Chuong nhu ehuo dupe djnh hu6ng ngdnh nghe vd thil'u frinh, ndi dung, phtKmg phdp dgy vd hpc Iqc nhOng kr ndng de c6 i h l Idm mot nghe n g h i l p ey hdu, ddi mdi chdm; eo edu GD khong hgp li giija t h I frong eupe sdng; 2) Chuong trinh hoc qud cdc linh vyc, ngdnh n g h l ddo tpo; chd't lupng « n d n g ' khdng phu hgp vdi trinh nhdn thuc G D todn d i l n gidm sut, ehuo ddp ung dupe yeu cua HS; PPDH edn lac hpu, t h i l n v l thuyet frinh edu eOo sy nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dpi mdy mdc Idm hpn e h i tu vd tinh sdng tgo hda Q u d n li nhd nude ve GD edn bd't cap Xu eOa HS ; 3} Vdn hda hgc dudng vd dgo due hudng thuong mqi hda vd so sut dqo due frong cOa mdt bd phdn HS ed nhOng bleu hiin lech Igc, G D khdc phyc cdn chdm, hieu qud ihdp dang frd suy thodi; 4} Nhung bdl hgc dgo due d trudng ihdnh ndi buc xue eOo xd h d i " (2) thieu sue thuyit pht/c HS, mdt sd HS khdng eoi M d t so' bien p h d p g d p phdn dd*i mdi cdn nhdn cdch Id mpt tilu chi quan frgng bdng b d n v d todn d i l n G D V i e l N a m g i d fri cdn phdn dd'u; 5) Ngudi hgc cd xu hudng 1) Bien phdp cot ldi, co bdn nhd't Id tap frung den trudng ehO yi'u de nhdm mi^e dich thi cu, thiyc dyng (thi vdo trudng td't d bdc coo hon, chdm sdc vd phdt trien HS m d i edeh d d y dO ngoy l u sdm, ndng cao chd't lugng hpc t d p ; frudng cd v i l e Idm td't, ihu nhdp cao, ed khd chuyen djeh trpng tdm tu G D chinh quy ndng du hpe nude ngodi ) hon Id d l ndng eoo nhd trudng sang xdy d y n g mot x d hdi hpc t o p ; nhdn ihue, fri hie, r6n luyen nhdn cdch Vd mdt h i qud td't y l u , nhung gia dinh ed d i l u k i l n (hode nhung HS thye sy xud't sdc) deu lya chpn * HQC vi^i QHdi it eido due Tap chi Giao due so (ki i • a/aoiai tu G D CO bdn sang GD THPT,CD, DH v d GD dpy nghe; vd ehuyen djch tu' viec nhd nude ddng vol tro nhd cung cd'p GD sang viec coi cdc td chuc tu nhdn vd cdc td chue phi ehinh phu n h u nhung ddi tde quan trpng Td't cd nhiJng budc, chuyen dich ndy cd tdc dong rd't Idn tdi c d ' u * true to chue, vdn hda qudn li vd Idnh d q o , ede quy trinh vd thye t i l n hopt dpng cua Bd GD-DT vd ede dem vj trye thuge dich cua hgc Id de thi vdo dgi hgc Tuy nhien, fren thyc t l , myc dich eua v i l e hpc khdng phdi d l thi ma de ndng cao nhdn thuc, hieu biet cijng nhu ehdt lupng cuoc sd'ng cua mdi ngudi Ne'u quan niem myc dieh cua hpc Id de dl thi, hpc Id phy, thi Id ehinh thi cdch «hpc" se t h i l n v l ldi h> chuong, mdy mdc, nhol nhet, khdng phdt huy dugc tinh doc lap, tu sdng tqo Bdi vdy, mudn ddi mdi, trudc hen phdi thay 2} Doi mdi he thong qudn ligido dye N h u ddi viec hgc vd thi ve cd quan niem, npi dung mpi nen vdn hoo A Ddng chju dnh hucng nho vd hinh thue Theo khuyln edo cua UNESCO, gido, van hda qudn li Idnh dpo eua to eung mong mye dich eOa v i l e hpc chfnh Id giup mpi ngudi ndng phong each co che qudn If tdp trung, chi hgc de biet, de Idm, de khdng dinh minh vd de dpo tu tren xudng duol theo thu ty cd'p bde vd biet chung sdng cung nhau; vdy, npi dung, cdc edp qudn li thd'p hon thyc thi nhdm dot dugc chuong frinh hpc n I n thiet k l cho tdng eudng cdc mye tieu v l sd lupng Tuy n h i l n , «ca e h i ndy phdt t r i l n tu vd tfnh sdng tqo, ehu trpng Ipi kem thieh hpp k i l u tiep cdn edng tdc khdu thyc hdnh ren luyen kT ndng vd cdc tdchdt Idnh dgo vd qudn li nhdm ndng cao chd't lugng, cua trf tue chu khdng nen qud nqng v l li thuyet thdnh tich hgc tdp Dqe biet, frong trudng hgp sdo mdn, mdy mdc mudn tqo sy thoy doi kT nang vd thdi eOa Trong de dn ddi mdi v l GD phd thdng, cdc fre em vd cdc hpc vien ngudi Idn v l ngdn ngCr, nhd nghiln cuu xdc djnh myc h l u cua GD phd khoa hqc xd hpl, nghe thupt vd ede mdn ngodi thdng Id khuyen khich cdc ndng lye cua tre phdt khoa hpe co ban, cdc mdn hoc cd nen tdng Id frien theo xu the hdi nhdp vdo eupe sdng thye tpi todn hpe, tdng cudng chd't lugng hpc tdp, thuc Cy the, cd the xdc dinh myc tieu md fre em cdn: ddy 6e td md, sdng tqo, Kr phe phdn, dpng 1} Phdi hieu hodn ednh sd'ng; 2} Cdi dang hgc: lye hpc tdp, phdt frien dqo due, sy h/ hn, edc kT edeh song; 3} Hieu trdch nhiem tam ngudi ndng xd hdi, sy hn cqy Idn gltja cdc HS, vd Vd nhu vdy, ngudi hpc cdn mot ddu 6c dugc kich thich Idng say m l hpe tap" (3) luyen tap hon Id mdt kho tu lieu D i l u quyet GD Id mot he thong phuc tgp; bdi vdy, nhi/ng djnh ndi dung cdc mdn hpc md cdc trirdng hpc ngudi Idnh dpo, quan li GD edn ed h/ h i hen h l n tren the gidi hien dang lya chpn, thdng vd mot tdm nhin chie'n luge bao qudt Bdo gom nhdm sou: 1} Luy$n tu duy: Dung ddu Id edo phdn tieh cue UNESCO cung chi ro: «Co che hai mon N g u vdn vd Todn; 2} Hliu hodn canh qudn li h> t r i n xudng da khdng edn thieh hgp sd'ng (vu fry, vdt chd't, sy sdng ): Cdng nghe frong bdi ednh ede no lye nhdm tdi da hda cdc Mdi frudng; 3} Hieu cdch sd'ng: Uch su, xd hdi, CO hdi cua dja phuong, vi dy nhu tqo mqng ludi n g h l thupt, van hda ; 4) Hieu trdch nhiem Idm cdc nhd cung cd'p dich vy GD Kr nhdn vd td chue ngudi: Vd'n de cot ldi cua GD cdng ddn (4) phi chinh phO, huy dpng sy ho trg cOo cdng ddng Viec xay dyng chirong trinh, SGK theo hudng dja phuong cho GD, dde biet nhijng ho frg frin chung ta hodn todn ed the Idm dupe, ngdy cdng nhieu nhd sy tdng trudng kinh te vd sy n h i l n , qud frinh gidng dpy se gdp nhung gidi phdng vd'n de qudn li vd ro quyet djnh; khd khdn nhd't dinh Vf dy, ddi vdi mdn hpc mang frong v i l e thue ddy hpc tdp sudt ddi, ho frg cho tinh l u y i n tu nhu mdn Vdn ede trudng hpc CO n h i l u quyen tychO hon " Sy HS p h d thdng hien rd'l khong ehu frgng ddi mdi co che qudn li Idnh dqo se Id ddng lye viee hgc vdn vd cdc mdn khoa hgc xd hot khdc ehinh eho hdng loot qud trinh ddi moi tie'p theo: ( b l l u h i l n quo diem thi tdt nghiep vd dqi hpc phi tdp trung hda quyen lye qudn li, trach nhiem cdc mdn V d n , Su ) M o t phdn bdi cdch dpy vd q u y i n tu ehju frdeh n h i l m , phdn bo cdc ngudn vdn frong nhd trudng hien van chu y l u nhdm lye dudi cd'p quoc gia myc dfeh ddp ung v i l e thi eu n I n v i l e hpe thudng 3) Doi mdi viec hgc vd thi Tu trudc den nay, viec hoc cOa chung ta ludn gdn vdi «thi c u " Thdm ehi, frong quan niem cua nhieu ngudi, mye mang tfnh chd't mdy mdc, khudn sdo, GV day HS theo k i l u hirong vdo «bdi h i " , « d l tO", «edch Idm to" de too h i l u qud ehdc chdn Cdch dpy Tap chi Giao due s6 (ki i - 3/aoi2) ndy khdng tqo duge tu sdng tgo eOo HS (ndng ve t r u y i n b d kien thuc, khdng khoi ggi duge tri tudng tugng phong phu hoy bdi dudng tinh cam thdm mT cho ngudi h p c ) mdt khdc, cdc frudng dpi hgc thudc nhdm ngdnh «hot" hien nhu: tdi chinh - ngdn hdng - kinh te - edng nghe rd't it chpn mdn Vdn Id mdn ihi ddu vdo hay mdn hgc co bdn Hpc trd hgc vdn chf 6e thi tdt nghiep, sou d d ed t h i thi vdo khoa van su phgm, khoa hgc xd hdi nhdn v d n , bdo ehi, vdn hda Id nhdm cdc frudng ro frudng khd xin dugc v i l e Idm, thu nhdp khdng cao, ft dugc xd hdi eoi trpng N g o d i viec ddi mdi edeh hpc eung cdn ddi mdi cdch ihi vd ndi dung k i l m tro, thi eu' Myc dich eOa ihi Id d l k i l m tra khd ndng vdn dyng nhung fri thue da dirge hpc vdo gidi quyet nbCrng vdn de (tinh hudng) cuo thyc hen cd d p i hieu qud eoo hay khdng, qua d d , nhd qudn li ed t h i phdn logi thi sinh d l dinh hudng ede em lya chpn cho minh mot ngdnh n g h l phu hgp vdi ndng lye vd sd thich cd nhdn chu* khdng nen bien v i l e thi (nhd't Id thi chuyen cd'p) Id mdt eupe dp sue, cpnh fronh khd'e l i l t giCra ede tht sinh, trdnh linh HS cOng dua chen thi vdo d q i hgc gdy Idng phi, tdn kem t i l n cOo eOa nhd nude vd nhdn ddn 4) DSi mdi CO cau ddo tgo theo nhu cau xa hgl: Co cd'u ddo tgo d ede frudng cao d d n g , dpi hgc hi?n rd't thien lech, mdt edn dd'i nghiem trgng, ddn d i n Hnh trpng «thi>a thdy, thilu thg" Trong ddo Iqo dgi hpc, nhOng ndm gdn ddy cd qud n h i l u trudng ddo Iqo v l kinh te, tdi chfnh, ketodn, ngdn hdng , nhung rd't it frudng ddo tpo v l edng nghe, kTthudt, khoa hoc ; nhieu dpi hgc, cao ddng kem chd't lugng nhung rdt it frung cd'p kT thupt vd d g y n g h l Bdl vdy, cdn co cd'u Ipi chuong frinh ddo tpo phyc vy nhu cdu phdt friln Idnh mpnh vd b i n virng cOa nen kinh te - xd hdi Co edu ddo frio d bdc p h d thdng cung nen cd sy dieu ehinh eho phu hpp, khdng nen de tinh frqng HS tdt n g h i l p THPT frudng, n l u khdng dpi hgc Ipi roi vdo tinh frgng thd't nghieia C h u n g to cd i h l ' tham k h d o edeh Idm eOa Singapore, Canada v d nhieu nude khdc: phdn ludng HS h> sou THCS: phdn Idn se vdo TH nghe, TH kTthudt, ehi mdt ti le nhd vdo THPT Bdn thdn THPT eung khdng phdn ban mdt edeh cung nhde md cd n h i l u lya chpn cho HS phdi trien Tap chi Giao due so (k* i - a/aoia) ndng k h i l u , sd thieh, nhd ndng cao chd't lugng ddu vdo dqi hpc Sou 12 ndm hpe, nhung HS ndo ed dO ndng lye thi se theo hpe l l n dpi hpc, cao ddng, neu khdng, cdc em dd cd n g h l on dinh de nudi sdng bdn thdn 5) Chinh sdch dd'i vdi nhd gido: Trong nhCfrig ndm qua, mde du Ddng, nhd nude, Bd GD-DT rdt quan tdm den co che, chfnh sdch, t i l n luong, thu nhdp eho ddi ngu cdn bd, nhd gido, nhien, frIn thyc t l , d i l u kien ngdn sdch cdn hpn hep nen ddi sd'ng cOa da so GV nude to nhin ehung cdn d muc thd'p Ddy eung Id li khien nhieu vdn d l h l u eye phdt sinh nhu dgy them, hgc t h i m , GV tim edeh tryc Igi tu gia dinh HS ; mat khdc, d i l u ndy khien eho GV khd ed the todn tdm todn y ehu tdt vdi nghe Ddi mdi phdi bdt ddu tu sy nhdn d i l n chdn ihyc vd dung cdm ve nhCrng yeu kem vd fri fre cOa GD V N hien nay, nhung quan trpng hon Id nhin thdng vdo nhung nguyen nhdn ddng sou nhi/ng bleu h i l n tieu eye dd Ddi mdi co bdn vd todn d i l n GD V N Id mot eupe cdi cdch sdu rdng vd mpnh me v l h i thd'ng, h> khdu hpc - thi, ca cdu ddo tgo cho den xdy dyng chudn mye theo chudn GD qudc te De Idm duge d i l u d d , cdn t h i hien dugc sy quyet tdm, q u y l t l i l t cOa Ddng, nhd nude eung nhu Bd GD, nhifrig ngudi Idm cdng tdc GD vd todn t h i nhdn ddn • (1) van phdng UNESCO Ha NOi Bao cao phan tich vi cac thue tifin hoat dOng quan li giao due va di xu Jt eho Hpc vi$n Quin li giao due, H 2010 (2) (3 ) Dang cOng san Vi$t Nam Van ki^n D^i hOi dai bllu toan quffc iSn thii 11 NXB Chinh tri qu6c gia Sif thdt, Yi inn (4) Hpc vi$n Quan li giao due Kl y^u hOi ih3o khoa hpc "Ddi mdi cdn bdn vd todn di^n gido due Vi^t Nam - nhin tit gdc dd qudn ii" NXB f)(ii hqc kinh ti quScddn,Vi.20n SUMMARY Educational renovation is a substantially urgent issue nowadays.lt should begin with the realization of the backwards, the stagnation in education And the indirect reasons which stands behind that Renovating Vietnamese Education basically and thoroughly is a significant revolution in Its system from studying assessment, educating structures to forming Vietnamese educational standard according to international educational standard however, the initial step Is the policy towards teachers ... behind that Renovating Vietnamese Education basically and thoroughly is a significant revolution in Its system from studying assessment, educating structures to forming Vietnamese educational standard... Hpc vi$n Quan li giao due Kl y^u hOi ih3o khoa hpc "Ddi mdi cdn bdn vd todn di^n gido due Vi^t Nam - nhin tit gdc dd qudn ii" NXB f)(ii hqc kinh ti quScddn,Vi.20n SUMMARY Educational renovation... quan li giao due va di xu Jt eho Hpc vi$n Quin li giao due, H 2010 (2) (3 ) Dang cOng san Vi$t Nam Van ki^n D^i hOi dai bllu toan quffc iSn thii 11 NXB Chinh tri qu6c gia Sif thdt, Yi inn (4)