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TAP CHi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Nguyen Vdn Luyen PHirONG PHAP SLT DUNG BAN DO THEO HlTdNG PHAT HUY TINH TICH c u e CUA HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC DIA LI NGUYEN VAN LUYEN* TOM TAT Bdn do Id phuang tiin khong t[.]
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Nguyen Vdn Luyen P H i r O N G PHAP SLT DUNG BAN DO T H E O HlTdNG PHAT HUY T I N H T I C H c u e CUA H O C SINH T R O N G DAY H O C DIA LI NGUYEN VAN LUYEN* TOM TAT Bdn Id phuang tiin khong thi thiiu dgy hoc Dia li Phuang phdp sit dung bdn theo hudng phdt huy tinh tich cue cua hgc sinh (HS) se giUp ndng cao hiiu qud su dung bdn dgy hoc Dia U Mot nhirng biin phdp di phdt huy tinh tich cue cua HS la sir dung bdn dd td chuc cdc hogt dong dgy hoc, dua HS tham gia ede hogt dong vd tich cue xdy dung kiin thirc nhdm gidi quyit nhirng nhiim vu di Tir khda: phuong phap su dung ban d6, tinh tich cue, hoat dpng day hpc ABSTRACT Utilizing maps in teaching geography to improve student's aetiveness Map is an indispensable device in teaching geography Utilizing maps in teaching geography to improve student's aetiveness will help enhance the efficiency of using maps in teaching geography One of the solutions to improving student's aetiveness is using maps to organize teaching activities, engaging students actively in building their knowledge to solve given tasks Keywords: map utilization, aetiveness, teaching activity Dat van de Ban la phuong tien khong the thieu duoc day hgc Dia li Ban khong chi la phuong tien day hpc true quan ma quan trpng hon, no la mpt nguon tri thijrc giup HS tien hanh cac thao tac tu de ITnh hpi kien thiic mpt each sau sic va ben viing, phat huy tinh tich cue cua HS day hpc Dia li Tuy nhien, viec su dung ban d6 day hpc Dja li a trucmg thong hi?n noi chung van muc dp xem ban la mpt phuong trien true quan dung de minh hoa cho npi dung bai hpc, khong phat huy dupfc tinh tich cue cCia HS, lam han che chit lugng va hieu qua ciia qua trinh day hpc Vi v^y, nghien cuu phuang phap sii dung ban theo huong phat huy tinh tich cue cua HS day hpc Dia li se phat huy het vai tro cua ban do, gop phan nang cao chat lugng va hieu qua day hpc Dia li truong thong Ban va vai tro cua ban d^y hoc Dia li Trong nghien cuu khoa hgc, mo hinh hoa dugc coi la phuang phap nhan thuc khoa hpc gian tiep, giup thu nh|in nhiing tri thuc mdi ve dpi tupng nhan thiic thong qua nghien cuu doi tugng tuang tu - ggi la cac mo hinh nghien ciiu Trong nghien ciiu dia li, phuang phap mo hinh hoa dugc coi la phuang phap nghiSn ciiu CO ban vi doi tugng nhan thiic ciia dia li la cac su vat, hien tugng muon hinh ' TS, Tnjb'ng Bgi hpc Su pham TPHCM; Email: nvluyensp@yahoo com 59 TAP CHi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM van trang, phan b6 mot Ichong gian rong 1cm vol cac mdi lien he da dang, phuc tap Day hpc thirc chit la qua trinh to chuc boat dong nhan thuc cho HS, nham giiip cac em thu nhan nhung tri thiic, chan li da dugc tim va da dugc thira nhan Trong qua trinh nay, mo hinh la mot phugng tien nhan thirc dac biet hiiu hieu, vh hanh dgng nhan thirc la true quan, wh tinh chat va mirc dp nhan thitc la trim tugng, khai quat Chinh vi the, phuong phap mo hinh hoa cting la phuong phap co ban qua trinh day hpc Ban d6 voi tu each "La mo hinh ki hieu hinh tugng khong gian ctia cac dpi tugng va hien tugng tu nhien va xa hgi, dupc thu nho, dugc khai quat hoa, theo mpt co so toan hpc nhat dinh nham phan anh vi tri, su phan bo, moi quan he giita c^c doi tugng, hien tugng va ca nhirng bien doi cua chung theo thcri gian dl thoa man yeu cau da dinh truoc" da tra phugng ti?n khong the thi8u dugc va phugng phap ban da tro phucmg phap dac tnmg nghien ciru cung nhu day hpc Dia li Vai tro cua ban d6 day hpc Dia li vo ciing to 1cm: V6 mat kiln thirc, ban co kha nang phan anh su phan b5, tinh trang va nhimg moi lien he cua cac dai tugng, hien tugng dia li tren bi mat trii dat mpt each cu the va sinh dgng ma khong mgt phuang tien nao co thi thay the dupc; la cong cu nhjt giiip HS nhan thitc dupc cac doi tugng, hien tupng dien tren mpt khong gian rpng Ion ma HS khong co dieu kien fri giac true tiep 60 So 11(77) nam 2015 va ca nhiJng doi tugng, hien tugng khong the tri giac dugc Ve mat phuong phap, ban d6 dugc coi la phuong phap dac trtmg day hpc Dia li ban dd khong chi la phuong tien true quan ma la ngu6n tri thirc vo ciing phong phii, dugc coi nhu cuon sach giao khoa thir hai giiip HS khai thac kien thitc, ren luyen kl nang va phat triln tu dia li Tinh tieh cire va bien phap phat huy tinh tich cu-c cua HS qua trinh day hoe 3.1 Ti'nh tich cite cua HS qui trinh dgy hgc Qua trinh day hgc la qud trinh th6ng nhit giQa boat dpng day va hojt dpng hpc, do, boat dgng hgc la mpt hoat dpng nhan thiic nhung la mpt hoat dpng nhan thirc dac biet duoi su dieu khien ciia giao vien Nhu chung ta da biet, nhan thuc la su phan anh hien thuc khach quan vao 6c ngudi nhung khong phai la su phan anh don gian ma la mpt boat dpng gom cac qua frinh, vai nhimg mirc dp khac nhau, til nhan thiic cam tinh din nhjn thuc li tinh Vi vay, bit ki sir nhan thiic nao, CO hoat dpng hpc, cung dlu la qua trinh tich cue Tir quan niem hgc la boat dgng nhan thiic tich cue, boat dgng day ciia thay khong la su truyln thu kiln thirc, nhimg san pham co sin, ma cSn phai t6 chirc, dilu khiln boat dgng nhan thirc cua HS, nghia la xay dung quy trinh cac thao tac chi dao hoat dpng nhan thiic ciia HS, hinh cho HS nhu ciu hgc tap, tim toi kien thiic, kich thich nang luc sang tao, nang luc td chirc lao dpng tri 6c TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM mpt each hgp li, giup djnh huang vao nhimg ngu6n thong tin phong phii va da dang de khai thac tri thiic Mu6n nim kien thiic mpt each sau s4c va viJng chSc, HS phai thuc hien mot chu trinh diy dii nhiing hoat dgng tri tue Nhiem vu cua giao vien la tim mgi phuang phap va bien phap khac nham khoi day, phat huy tinh tich cue ciia HS qua trinh day hgc Do khong chi la bien phap nang cao chat lugng day hgc ma la muc tieu ciia nha truang 3.2 Bien phdp phdt huy tinh tich cue cua HS qud trinh dgy hgc Phat huy tinh tich cue ciia HS la nhiem vu quan trgng ciia viec day hpc a truor^ thong Co so cua viec day hgc khong the chi la su ghi nha thong tin ma giao vien cung cap cho HS, mac du dieu cung la mgt nhiem vu quan trpng, ma phai la su tham gia tich cue cua chinh HS vao qua trinh tiep thu thong tin do, la su tu dgc lap ciia cac em, la su hinh d4n din nang luc dgc lap trau d6i tri thiic, nang lire tu hpc Vi vay nhiem vu chu yeu cua cac nha giao due la tim nhung bien phap phat huy tinh tich cue cua HS vk bien phap phat huy tinh tich cue ciia HS qua trinh day hgc, cac nha giao due da dua rat nhidu bi?n phap khac Dieu phan anh tinh phiic t^p ciia vi?c phat huy tinh tich cue, no doi hoi su tac dpng ddng thoi cua nhieu bien phap khac nhau, tir cac bien phap tac dpng vao y thiic, nhu cau, dgng ca, hiing thu hgc tap ciia HS; cac bien phap tac dgng vao phuang phap day hgc, den cac bien phap lien quan d^n npi dung, co so Nguyin Vdn Luy$n vat chat, phuong tien kT thuat ciia viec day hpc Duoi goc dp phuang phap day hgc, cac nha giao due cung dua nhieu phuang phap khac nhung tuu trung lai cac nha giao due deu co chung mgt quan diem la: de phat huy tinh tich cue cua HS day hgc can phai to chiic cac hoat dgng, dua HS vao cac boat dpng va lam cho HS tham gia tich cue vao viec xay dung kien thiic nham giai quyet nhiing nhiem vu de Tuy nhien, cac nha giao due cung luu y can phan biet tinh tich cue va trang thai hoat dgng be ngoai vi tinh tich cue va trang thai hoat dpng be ngoai c6 the giong bieu hien ben ngoai nhung lai khac ve ban chat Ban chat cua tinh tich cue bieu hien chu yeu 6f y thiic ciia chu the boat dgng chii khong chi bieu hien ben ngoai Tinh tich cue doi vai HS doi hoi phai co cac yeu to nhu: tinh lua chgn thai dp doi vai d6i tugng nhan thiic, xac dinh muc dich nhiem vu can giai quyet va tien hanh giai quyet van de nham nhan thiic doi tugng Sir dung ban theo hvong phat huy tinh tich cue cua HS day hoc Dia h' Sir dung ban theo huong phat huy tinh tich cue ciia HS la nghien ciiu su dung ban d6 de thiet ke cac hoat dgng nhan thiic cho HS De co the thiet kS dugc cac hoat dgng CO y nghia, giao vien can tien hanh cong tac chuin bj g6m ngi dung: a Phdn tieh vd ddnh gid bdn Day la viec lam thong thuong truoc Sli dung ban vao mpt muc dich nao So 11(77) nam 201S TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM kiln thiic co ban ve ban do, dac biet la nhflng kiln thuc ve ki hieu ban va cac phuang phap bieu hien ban YIU tl toan hpc: La nhung co so toan hgc dung de xay dung va bieu hien ban dl, gIm: phep chieu ban do, ti le ban dl Day la ca sa de tien hanh cong tac tinh tren ban nham co dugc nhiing thong s6 cin thiet phuc vu cho qua trinh day hgc ylu tl bo sung; La nhimg thong tin cung thupc vl npi dung ban nhung ichong dugc dua vao ban chinh Nhimg thong tin lam phong phi them ngi dung ban nhu: cac ban phu, cac bieu do, cac bang so lieu Ylu tl h5 trg: La nhQng phuong tien giiip cho viec dgc va cac thao tac khac tren ban dugc de dang hon nhu: bang chu giai, thuoc dp doc, goc , quan frpng nhat la bang chu giai, vi no giai thich tat ca cac ki hieu dugc Sli dung tren ban Tren co so huong sir dung da dugc xac dinh, giao vien tiln hanh phan tich va dua nhimg chi tieu danh gia ban Phan tich ban la phan tich cac yeu tl ciu ban d6 D6 co thi khai thac cac kiln Uiuc chira dung ban mpt each hieu qua cin phai phan tich cac ylu tl ciu vi frong m6i yeu to chua dung cac kien thirc Mong iing co thi khai thac dl phuc vu cho cac muc tieu su pham khac ciia qua trinh day hpc Phan tich bit ki mpt ban dl nao ta cung thiy gIm cac yeu to sau day (xem hinh 1): Ylu tl ngi dung: La nhQng thong tin cin thilt ve cac doi tugng, hien tugng t\r nhien va kinh te - xa hpi vai nhimg tinh chit vl su phan bo, tinhfrang,nhQng mli lien he va su phat trien cua chiing dugc bieu hien fren ban thong qua mot h? thong cac ki hieu va cac phuang phap bieu hien ban De co the phan tich dugc npi dung ban can phai co nhimg BASBd Yen to n^idimg Yeiit6 toan hgc ^ y&it6 hotiv b&sung chinh Npi dung phu Ph6p chilu ban Tyl^ban Cacban ddpbv fc&cbik^ d6 Bangdtti giai Hinh Sa di cdc yiu td cdu thdnh bdn dd ThaocSo 119 d&: TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM b Xac dinh ngi dung dgy hge Ban d6 la ngu6n kien thiic phong phli, da dang, do giao vien can chpn lgc kidn thiic cin thiet va phii hgp vai bai hgc Muon v$y, giao vien can xac dinh ngi dung d^y hgc Xac dinh npi dung day hpc la xac dinh cac don vi kien thiic ca ban, cac dan vi kien thiic phin va sap x^p chiing theo mgt trinh tu logic, chat che, phu hgp vai logic ngi dung khoa hpc ciia bai hgc va dac dilm ITnh hgi tri thiic ciia HS Viec xac dinh ngi dung day hgc se giiip xac dinh cac kiln thiic CO the khai thac tir cac yeu t6 ciia ban phuc vy cho viec day hgc cae dan vi kien thiic da dugc xac djnh c Thiet ke cdc hogt dpng dgy hgc Moi gicf hgc dugc thiet ke mpt chuoi cac hoat dgng phoi hgp ciia giao vien va HS Moi boat dgng nham dat dugc muc tieu su pham nhat dinh, dugc giai h ^ mgt khoang thoi gian nhat dmh va dugc thuc hien thong qua cac tac dgng ciia giao vien (huong dan, chi dao) va cac thao tac tri tue (quan sat, phan tich, tong hop ), cac thao tac thuc hanh (phan tich ban do, xii H so lieu, bieu ) ciia HS Cac hoat dpng se giiip tich cue hoa qua trinh hgc tap ciia HS, lam cho viec ITnh hgi tri thiic ciia HS ben viing hon, ddng thai cung giiip phat trien cac nSng lyc chuyen bi^t cho HS Vi dy minh hoa Trong p h ^ vi bai viet nay, chiing toi trich dan mpt boat dpng day hpc dugc thiet ke cho tieu muc a) Tinh hinh sdn xudt lucmg thuc, muc 1) San xuat luong thuc, bai 22 Van de phat trien ndng nghidp, Dja li 16p 12, nham minh Nguyen Van Luyen hga cho viec sir dung ban de to chiic cac boat dpng hpc tap nham phat huy tinh tich cue ciia HS Khi tien hanh thiet ke boat dgng day hpc tieu muc nay, ngoai ban Nong nghiep ehung, trang 18, atlat Dia li Viet Nam (hinh 1, phu luc), dugc sii dung de xac dinh cac virng nong nghiep nhieu liia, giao vien co the su dung ban d6 Lua ndm 2007, trang 19, atlat Dia li Viet Nam (hinh 2, phu luc) theo cac buoc sau day: u Budc 1: Phdn tieh vd ddnh gid ban Phan tich yeu to npi dung: Ngi dung ciia ban gom co: + Dien tich va san luong liia ciia cac tinh: Ngi dung dugc bieu hien bang phuang phap ban - bieu Phuong phap sir dung cac bieu cot doi: cot mau xanh la bieu hien dien tich liia, dp cao ciia cot bieu hien dien tich voi qui dinh 1mm img voi 50.000 va cot mau cam bieu hien san lugng liia, cao cua cot bieu hien san lugng vai quy dinh 1mm ling vol 100.000 tan Phuang phap bieu hien dien tich va san lugng liia cua cac tinh pham vi ca nuac, do, cac tinh a dong bang song Ciiu Long va dong bang Song Hong dugc bieu hien bang nhung bieu co dp cao cac cot lan hon nhieu so voi cac tinh khac, dac biet la cac tinh a dong bang song Cuu Long + Ti le dien tich liia so vai dien tich cay luang thuc: Npi dung dugc bieu hien bang phuang phap ban - mat dp Phuong phap diing thang ti le: duoi 60%, tir 60% -70%, tir tren 70% - 80%, tir tren 80% - 90% va tren 90% vai thang mau tir trang den vang nhat, 63 TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM vang dam va cam de bieu Men ti le dien tich tr6ng liia so voi dien tich cay luong thuc cua cac tinh Uong pham vi ca nuac, cac tinh a dong bang song COru Long va dong bang Song Hong la nhung tinh co ti le dien tich liia so voi dien tich cay luang thuc deu tren 90% Phan tich yeu to toan hgc: Yeu to toan hpc ciia ban chi co ti le ban d6 Ti 1? cua ban d6 la 1:9.000.000, nghia la cm tren ban tuong iing voi 90km ngoai thuc te Ti le thupc ti le nho nen miic dp khai quat hoa cua ban kha cao Phan tich yeu to bo sung: Vlu t6 b6 sung ciia ban gom co: + Bieu dien tich va san lupng liia ca nuac qua cac nam: Day la bilu'dd kit hgp giira bieu cot mau cam bleu hien san lugng liia, dan vj nghin tin va bilu tron mau xanh la, bieu hien dien tich Ilia, don vi nghin Bilu cho thay su bien dgng vl dien tich tr6ng lua va san lugng liia ciia ca nuoc qua nam 2000, 2005 va 2007 voi nhung s6 lieu tuyet d6i + Bieu gia tri san xuit cay luong thuc tong gia tri san xuit nganh Upt: Day la cac bilu d6 tron bilu hien ti Ie gia Ui san xuit cay luong thuc tong gia XT\ san xuit nganh tr6ng trpt cua nam 2000, 2005 va 2007 Cac bieu d6 cho thiy sir biln dpng ciia ti 1? gia tri san xuat cay luong thuc tong gia tri san xuit nganh h-6ng trgt cua ca nude qua nam 2000, 2005 va 2007 mac dil CO su giam nhe nhung dlu tren 50% Dieu cho thiy vai Uo quan 64 So 11(77) ndm 201S trgng cua san xuat lucmg thuc co cau nganh trpt nuac ta Phan tich yeu to ho trg: Ylu tl ho trg cua ban chi co bang chii giai giai thich cac ki hieu dugc sir dung d^ bieu hien dien tich liia, san luong lua va ti le dien tich trdng liia so voi dien tich cay luong thuc b Budc 2: Xac dinh npi dung dgy hgc Npi dung day hpc vi du la tieu muc a) Tinh hinh sdn xudt luong thuc, dugc coi la mgt dan vi kien thiic ca ban Xac dinh npi dung day hpc la xac dinh cac dan vi kien thiic phan ciia don vi kien thirc ca ban Dua vao npi dung bai hpc sach giao khoa co the xac dinh dugc cac don vi kien thirc phan ciia tieu muc gom co: + Dien tich gieo liia + San lugng liia + Nang suat liia -!- Binh quan luong thuc tren dau nguoi + Cac virng san xuat luong thuc lan Day la nhimg kien thiic co ban ma muc tieu ciia bai hpc da dl c Budc 3: Thiet ke ede hogt dpng day hgc Tir viec phan tich, danh gia ban dl va xac dinh ngi dung day hgc nhu hen, giao vien chpn lira cac npi dung tren ban CO thi sir dung dl thilt kl boat dpng day hpc Doi vai tilu muc nay, co thi sir dung npi dung Diin tich vd sdn luang lua eua cdc tinh va Bieu dd diin tich vd sdn luang lua cd nuac qua cde ndm tren ban d6 Liia nam 2007 h-ong atlat Dia Ii Viet Nguyin Vdn Luyin TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nam, dong thai cSn ctr vao dilu kien cu the chpn phuang phap day hgc thich hgp de thiet kl boat dgng hpc tap cho HS Giao vien CO the t6 chirc cho HS tiln hanh hoat dgng hgc tap theo nhom Tiiy theo sT so HS ma lap se dugc chia nhieu nhom, moi nhom khoang HS Tat ca cac Tinh hinh SX Dien tich lua nhom deu thuc hien mgt nhiem vu chung la phan tich ngi dung ban de hoan phieu hgc tap (hinh 2); sau giao vien se chi dinh mgt nhom trinh bay ket qua thuc hien nhiem vu; cac nhom lai se trao doi, b6 sung; cuoi ciing giao vien chuan lai kien thirc PHIEU HOC TAP 2005 2007 2000 Nhan xet va giai thfch Sdn lugmg lua Ndng sudt lua Binh qudn lucmg thuc trin ddu ngudi Cdc vung sdn xudt luang thue ldn Hinh Phieu hgc lap Y)h hoan phieu hgc tap nay, cac nhom HS sir dung ban dl Liia nam 2007 va tien hanh cac cong viec sau: Phan tich Bieu dien tich vd sdn lirgng lua cd nudc qua cdc ndm 2000, 2005 vd 2007 dl bilt dugc tinh hinh vl dien tich trlng liia cua nugc ta Qua phan tich co thi thiy dien tich lua giam tir tren 7.666 nghin (nam 2000) xulng fren 7.329 nghin (nam 2005) va 7.207 nghin (nam 2007), trai lai, san luong liia lai tang tir tren 32.530 nghin tin (nSm 2000) len 35,832" nghin tin (nam 2005) va 35.942 nghin tin (nam 2007) Co thi giai thich nguyen nhan cua tinh hinh la nang suit lua tang len - D I thiy dugc su tSng len ciia nang suit lua thi liy san lugng liia chia cho dien tich trlng lua ciia nam 2000, 2005 va 2007 Qua co thi thiy nang suit lua tang tir 42,4 ta/ha/nam (nam 2000) ISn 48,8 ta/ha/nam (nam 2005) va 49,8 ta/ha/nam (nam 2007) Nguyen nhan la viec ap dung rgng rai cac bien phap tham canh nong nghiep, dua vao sir dung dai tra cac gilng lua moi D% bilt dugc ve tinh hinh binh quan luong thuc tren dau ngucri thi liy san lugng lua ciia nam 2000, 2005 va 2007 chia cho dan so cua nam dupc lay tir bilu dl Ddn sd Viet Nam qua cdc ndm tren ban dl Dan sl, frang 15, atlat Dia li Viet Nam Kit qua cho thay binh quan luong thuc tren diu nguoi tang til 419kg/nguai/nam (nam 2000) len 431kg/nguai/nam (nam 2005) nhung sau giam xulng 422kg/nguoi/nam (nam 2007) Dilu the hien viec bao dam an ninh lucmg thuc chua that su In dinh 65 So 11(77) nam 201i TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM v l cac viing san xuit luong thuc Ion, quan sat cac bieu cot bieu hien dien tich va san luong lua cua cac tinh se thiy dugc dong bang song Cira Long la viing san xuit luang thuc lan nhat, chiem 50% dien tich va san lugng lua ca nuac; ding bing song Hong la viing san xuat lucmg thuc lan thir hai va co nang suat lua cao nhat nuac S Ket luan Phuang phap sir dung ban de thiet ke cac hoat dpng day hpc nhu tren da dua HS vao cac hoat dgng va lam cho HS tham gia tich cue vao viec xay dung kien thirc nham giai quyet nhiJng nhiem vu de Co the noi, vai cac boat dgng nhu the moi the hien dugc ban chat ciia tinh tich cue, vi ban chiit cua tinh tich cue dugc bieu hien chu ylu a y thirc ben chii khong chi la nhimg bieu hien ben ngoai ciia chu the boat dpng Y thuc ben ciia chii the hojt dpng thi hijn o thai dp doi vai doi tugng nhan thiic, xac dinh nhiem vu can giai quylt va tiln hanh cac hoat dfing giai quylt vin d6 nhim nhan thiic doi tugng Phuang phap sil dung ban dl theo huang phat huy tinh tich cue cua HS khong nhimg gop phin nang cao ciiit lugng va hieu qua viec day hpc Dia li truang thong ma giiip phat triln nang luc sir dung ban dl Day la mpi nhiing nang luc chuyen biet quan trpng cua mon Dia li, dugc xac dinh chucmg trinh dfii mai phucmg pliap day hgc theo dinh huong phat triln nSng luc cua HS va dang duac triln khai o cac truong phfi thong ciia nuac ta hien nay, TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyen Dupc, Nguyin Trgng Phuc (2004), Li ludn dgy hgc dig li, Nxb D^i hpc Su pham Ha Npi Nguyen Van Luyen (2004), Phuang phdp su dung video dgy hgc Dia till Iheo hudng phdi huy linh tich cue cua HS, Luan an Tiln si Phan Trgng Ngp (2005), Dgy hgc vd phugng phdp dgy hgc nhd trudng, Nxb Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi Ngo Dat Tam (chu bien) (1986), Bdn dd hgc, Nxb Giao due Ngo Dat Tam, Nguyin Quy Thao (2012), Allal Dia li Viel Nam, Nxb Giao due Le Thong (ting chii bien) (2013), Dia li 12, Nxb Giao due (Ngiy Toa sogn nhin duvc bai: 06-9-2015: ngiy phin bien dinh gii: ngiy chip nhan ding: 24-11-2015) 13-10-2015: TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM PHVLPC N O N O NGHlfiP CHUNG Hinh I Bdn ndng nghiep chung Nguyen Van Luyin TAP CHI KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM So 11(77) nam 201S tOAMlMaWT)! r ^ - ' - •• •-' aCM TtM vk U H a p « UM Ohe e * i ncMiMlMaLfik ao>o OoyMM flin/( 5art lua ndm 2007 ... giai quyet van de nham nhan thiic doi tugng Sir dung ban theo hvong phat huy tinh tich cue cua HS day hoc Dia h'' Sir dung ban theo huong phat huy tinh tich cue ciia HS la nghien ciiu su dung ban... phat huy tinh tich cue cua HS vk bien phap phat huy tinh tich cue ciia HS qua trinh day hgc, cac nha giao due da dua rat nhidu bi?n phap khac Dieu phan anh tinh phiic t^p ciia vi?c phat huy tinh... nho, dugc khai quat hoa, theo mpt co so toan hpc nhat dinh nham phan anh vi tri, su phan bo, moi quan he giita c^c doi tugng, hien tugng va ca nhirng bien doi cua chung theo thcri gian dl thoa