Iran Ihi Phie&ng '''' KHA NANG KHAI QUAT HOA CUA TRE MAU GIAO 5 6 TUOI TAI THANH PHO HO CHI MINH T R A N THI PHUaNG'''' TOM TAT Bdi bdo phdn tich kel qud khdo sdt khd ndng khdi qudt hda ciia tre mdu gido 5[.]
Iran Ihi Phie&ng ' KHA NANG KHAI QUAT HOA CUA TRE MAU GIAO - TUOI TAI THANH PHO HO CHI MINH T R A N THI P H U a N G ' TOM TAT Bdi bdo phdn tich kel qud khdo sdt khd ndng khdi qudt hda ciia tre mdu gido 5-6 tgi Thdnh Ho Chi Minh (TPHCM) Kit qud ndy duac dua trin 24 bdi tap ddnh gid ndng khdi qudt hda cua tre mdu gido 5-6 tuoi duac sogn thdo lie trdc nghiem "Din hpc " Trung tdm nghien cuu tdm li tre em dich lu bdn tieng Phdp Sd lieu khdo sdt 90 tre em mdu gido 5-6 tuoi cho thdy khd ndng khdi qudt hda cua cdc tre a giai dogn dat miec dp trung binh vd thdp thong qua cong cu ddnh gid duac xdc dinh tuoi khd tuoi tren Tie khda: khd ndng khdi qudt hda, fre mau giao 5-6 tudi ABSTRACT The generalization ability of 5-to 6-year-old preschoolers in Ho Chi Minh City The article analyses the results of the sludy of the generalization ability of 5- to 6-year-old preschoolers in Ho Chi Minh City The results were obtained from 24 exercises for measuring the generalization ability of 5- to 6-year-old preschoolers, which were derived from a French test translated by Ihe Center of Child Psycholosy Study Results from the survey on 90 5- to 6-year-old preschoolers show that the generalization ability of children of this age is of low and average levels Keywords: generalization ability, 5- to 6-year-old preschoolers Dat van dl Khai quat hda la qud trinh dung fri dc de hgp nhdt nhieu ddi tugng khdc mdt nhdm, mdt loai theo nhiing thugc tinh, nhiing lien he, quan he chung nhdt dinh [5] Ddi vdi tre mdu gido 5-6 tudi, thao tae tu rat quan trpng ddi vdi su phdt frien fri tue Thao tae tu duge hinh thdnh va phdt frien hogt ddng gido due Chinh viec tim hieu cdc ddi tugng gdn giii frong mdi trudng xung quanh se giup tre phdt frien fri tue, cdc thao tdc ciia tu duy, frong dd cd thao tdc khdi quat hda Thi nhung frong thye ti, gido vien ehua quan tdm diing mdc den viec hinh thdnh va phdt frien khd ndng khdi quat hda eho fre nen viec tim hieu vdn de Id mdt hudng nghien ciiu can thiet Giai quyet van de De khdo sdt khd ndng khai quat hda cua Ue em mdu gido 5-6 tudi tai TPHCM, ehiing tdi sir dung trac nghiem "Din tuoi /ipc" vdi 24 bdi tap Trdc nghiem de thuc frang khd ndng khdi qudt hda ciia tre d giai doan chuan bi vao trudng phd thdng, Trung tdm nghien eiiu tam li tre em dich tir ban tidng Phdp Sd lieu tim dugc fren 90 Ue em mdu gido 5-6 tudi d hai trudng mam non: Mam non - qudn Tdn Binh va Mam non Tdn Hiep - huyen Hoc Mon tu thang nam 2013 den thdng TS, Trudng Bgi hpc SSi Gdn; Email: phuongtran_gdmn@yahoo.com.vn So 6(72) nam 2015 TAP CHi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM tre thuc hien 24 bai tap (nhu da trinh bay nam 2013 a tren) Dua vao cac doi tuong khai quat Viec to chuc dieu tra kha nang khai hoa khac nhau, nen 24 bai tap da dugc quat hoa cua 90 tre mau giao 5-6 tuoi a phan nhom bai tap nhu sau: truong mam non tai TPHCM tren co so Bang I Phdn logi cdc bdi tap khdi qudt hda STT So lirgng bai tap 4 3 Bai tap 1,2,4,7 5,13,16,20 3,11,22 15,17,19 6,8 21,23.24 9,10,12,14,18 Doi tirgng khai quat hoa Diem trung binh Thir tn- Do vat Dgng vat Thuc vat Hinh dang Solugng Dinh huong khong gian Con nguoi - nganh nghe 5,01 4,90 4,82 4.82 4,52 4,64 4,21 3 Bdng cho thdy, diem trung bmh ciia ca nhdm bdi tap \ e khdi quat hda ciia Ue mdu gido 5-6 tudi ehua cao, cy the chi cd nhdm hai tap vdi ddi tugng khai qudt hda la dd vat thi diem trung binh la 5,01 (xep thu 1) nhdm bai tap cdn lai thi cd diim trung binh la dudi 5.00 Trong nhdm bdi tap ndy thi diim trung binh thdp nhdt la 4,21 (xip thii 7) vdi ddi tugng khdi qudt Id eon ngudi - nganh nghi Sd lieu chi tiit vi kha ndng khai qudt hda cua fre mdu giao 5-6 tudi thi hien theo timg muc dp dugc md ta cy the d bdng dudi day: Bang Mwc 36 khdi qudt hoa ciia tre mdu gido 5-6 tudi ST T J 70 Doi tugng khai quat hoa Do vat Dgng vat Thirc vat Hinh dang So lirgng Djnh hirong khong gian Con ngiroi - nganh nghe Rat cao SL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 % Cao SL 10 6 % 11.11 6.67 5.56 6.67 4.44 6,67 2,22 Mirc dg danh Trung binh SL 60 66,67 54 60,00 58 64,44, 58 64,44 55 61,11 50 55.56 50 55.55 % gia Thap SL 15 25 20 19 21 21 28 % 16,67 27,78 22,22 21,11 23.33 23,33 31,10 Rit thSp SL 5 7 10 13 10 % 5.56 5,56 7,78 7,78 11,11 14,44 11,11 TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Bang cho thdy, neu dua fren ti le kha ndng khdi qudt hda thi sd fre khao sdt dat d muc rat thap, thdp, trung binh, cao va rdt cao, t|p trung nhiiu d miie: trung binh va thdp Ndi bat nhdt Id d nhdm bdi tap 7, ddi tugng khai qudt hda la ngudi nghe nghiep, cd tdi 55,55% miic trung binh, 31,10% d miic thdp Khi trao ddi vdi gido vien mdm non ve khd nang khai quat hda cua fre, gido vien mam non cho rdng tre khdi quat hda cae ddi tugng dua tren ddc diim ben ngoai Id chu yiu, nhu bdi tap 13 (mpt ngudi dan dng bai, thien nga dang bai, vit dang bai, ea vdng dang bai vd chim dang ddu tren edy) Tre ehpn eon chim de tdch khdi nhdm vi cho rang ddi tugng cdn lai dang bai Bieu hien cho thdy, tre thyc hdriti phdn nhdm tren dac diem van dgng cua cac ddi tugng ma khdng chu y den viec chpn ngudi dan dng tdch ra, cdn lai Id cdc vat Ddy la mdt bdi tap ddi hdi fre phai cd khd ndng khdi qudt hda eao hon Hoac bdi tap 10 (mdt cd gido dang viet bdng, mdt y ram, mdt xe bd, mgt bd va mdt ndng dan dang cdm xeng) Tre ed chu y den cdc dae diem ve nghe dd Id cdng viee eiia nganh nghe, cae dung cu va sdn phdm eua ngdnh nghe md fre chu y den mau sac de thye hanh phdn loai Bieu hien ciing tuong tu d mdt sd bdi tap cdn lai Vi Iran Thi Phirang dy nhu gidi quyet bdi tap sd 1, cd tre tdch "y ram" khdi nhdm ddi tugng cdn Iai vd gidi thich vi "y ram" mdu vang, hinh frdn va khdng gidng cac ddi tugng cdn Iai Nhu vay, miic dp khdi qudt hda cua Ue chu yeu d miic trung binh vd thdp, la fre dya vao dac diem ben ngodi cua ddi tugng ma thuc hanh phan loai chii khdng dua vao cdc dac diem chung ban chdt Ddi tugng phan loai la: dd vat, v^t, thyc v|it, ddc diem ben ngoai md fre dua vao phdn loai dd la: mdu sdc, hirih dang, kich thudc Cdn ddi tugng khdi qudt hda la ngudi thi fre dua vdo ddc diem ben ngoai nhu: mdu quan do, tdc ddi, ngan, cd dpi ndn hay khdng dpi ndn, cd rau hay khdng cd rdu Khd nang khdi qudt hda cua fre mdu gido 5-6 tudi phdn tich tren theo phuang dien gidi tinh dugc md td cu the d bdng Khdo sdt kha nang khdi quat hda Clia 47 Ue nam vd 43 fre nii mdu gido 5-6 tudi eua trudng mam non tai TPHCM eho thdy khdng cd su khdc biet ddng ke ve khd nang khdi qudt hda giiia gidi tinh Hieu sd trung binh khdc bidt gida tre nam vd fre nd ve kha nang khai qudt hda d nhdm bdi tap deu bdng dudi 0,12, d nhdm bdi t^p ddi tugng khdi qudt hda la hinh dang va sd lugng chenh lech ve diem trung binh chi Id 0,02 Sd 6(72) ndm 201S TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Bdng So sdnh khd ndng khdi qudt hda cua tre mdu gido 5-6 tudi phdn tich iheo gl&i linh STT Doi tirffog khai quat hoa Do vat Dgng vat Thuc vat Hinh dang SoIugng Dinh huong khong gian Con nguoi nganh nghe Gidi tfnh Nam Nu Nam Nu Nam NO Nam NO: Nam Nu Nam Nu Nam NO Diem trung binh 4,95 5.07 4.85 4.95 4.81 4.83 4.83 4.81 4.54 4.48 4.66 4.62 4.24 4,18 C& mau 47 43 47 43 47 43 47 43 ,47 43 47 43 47 43 He s6 trung binh khac biet 0.12 0,10 0,02 0,02 0,06 0,04 0.06 Khd ndng khdi quat hda cua fre mdu giao 5-6 tudi phan tich Uen phuang dien d bdn sinh sdng cua tre dugc md ta cy the d bdng sau ddy: Bang So sdnh khd ndng khdi qudt hda cua fre mdu gido 5-6 tuoi phdn tich theo dia bdn sinh sdng STT Doi tvong khai quat hoa Dja ban song Ngi Do vat Ngoai Ngi Dgng vat Ngoai Ngi Thuc vat Ngoai Ngi Hinh dang Ngoai Ngi S6lugng Ngoai Dinh huong Ngi khong gian Ngoai Con nguoi - Ngi nganh nghe Ngoai Co mau 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 Diem trung binh 5.22 4,80 4,91 4.90 5.11 4.53 5,03 4,61 4,70 4,31 4.75 4.53 4.60 3.82 He so trung binli khac biet 0.42 0,02 0,58 0,42 0,39 0,22 0,78 TAP CHl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Bdng cho thdy, diem trung binh cua so sdnh khd ndng khai qudt hda cua Ue mdu giao 5-6 tudi phdn tich theo dja ban sinh sdng the hien d timg ddi tugng khdi qudt hda cua Ue sdng d ndi thdnh deu cao hon fre sdng d ngoai thanh, he sd trung binh khdc biet eao nhdt la khd nang khai quat hda "Dd vat" (0,42) vd he sd trung binh khde biet thdp nhdt la khd nang khai quat hda "Ddng vat" (0,02) Diiu cho thdy, mpt mat, fre mdu gido 5-6 tudi d cdc trudng mdm non ngoai thdnh cd the phucmg tien day hpc (dd choi vd cac phuang tien khdc) cdn thieu thdn din den cd su khdc biet trung binh cao ve kha ndng khdi qudt hda "Dd vat" so vdi tre mau gido d cdc trudng mam non ndi thdnh Mat khac, Ue mdu gido 5-6 tudi d cde trudng mdm non cd ndi ldn ngoai thdnh deu khdng cd sir chenh lech nhieu ve khd nang khai qudt hda "Ddng vdt" cac be deu cd the tiep Xlic vdi ddng vdt tryc tiep thdng qua mdi trudng sdng, tham quan sd thii hodc gian tiep nhu ti-vi, tranh dnh Khd ndng khdi qudt hda d tre ndi thdnh eao han d tre ngoai cd the li giai vi dieu kien trang thiet bi, dd dung, dd choi, frinh dp cua gido vien mdin non cung nhu muc dp cap nhdt chuong trinh gido due mam non d trudng ngoai thdnh so vdi ndi cdn ban che Dieu ddng quan tdm la cd bai Tran Thi Phirang tap 10 cd ddi tugng khdi qudt hda la nghe ndng nhung khdng cd tre ndo d ngoai thdnh thuc hanh khai qudt hda diing Vdy nguyen nhan la gido vien mam non khdng day tre phdn tich cac dac diem ban chdt Clia timg ddi tugng ma chii trpng den cdc ddc diem ten gpi, mdu sac, hinh dang cua cdc ddi tugng do, nen tir khdu thuc hanh phdn nhdm tre da thyc hien sai Kha ndng khdi quat hda cua fre d ndi thdnh cd nhdm bdi tdp deu cao han kha nang khai quat hda eua fre d ngoai thdnh Ket Iuan Sd lieu nghien ciru cho thay khd ndng khai qudt hda cua tre mdu gido 5-6 tudi chua cao Da sd fre chua nam dugc cde budc khdi quat hda vd ehua biet dugc dac diem bdn chdt cua cac ddi tugng de khdi qudt hda vd khdng phu thudc vao gidi tinh nhung phu thude vao dia ban sinh sdng ciia tre Dieu cho thdy can xem xet lai viec phat frien kha ndng khdi qudt hda cua tre mdu gido 5-6 tudi frong viee anh hudng den qud frinh gido due Neu khac phuc dugc nhiing ban che fren, khd ndng khdi qudt hda cua tre se dugc cdi thien Dieu gdp phan nit ngdn khodng each chenh lech ve nhdn thiie giii'a cdc fre viec phdt frien fri tue cho fre ndi chung vd phdt trien khd ndng khdi qudt hda ndi rieng TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Huynh Van San (2006), Phdi trien tri tue ihong qua Ird chai, Nxb Gido due Huynh Van Son (2009), Tro chai phdt triin tri lue, Nxb Tre Huynh Van San (2010), Nhdp mdn Tdm li hpc phdt trien,^xh Gido due Nguyen Anh Tuyet (2001), Tdm li hpc tre em, Nxb Giao due Nguyen Quang Uan (2000), 7am // hpc dgi cuong, Nxb Dai hgc Su pham Ha Ndi (Ngiy Tda so^n nhin du^c bii 16-2-2015; ngiy phin bi§n ainh gii: 06-5-2015, ngiy chip nhin ding: 22-6-2015) 73 ... Cao SL 10 6 % 11.11 6. 67 5. 56 6 .67 4.44 6, 67 2,22 Mirc dg danh Trung binh SL 60 66 ,67 54 60 ,00 58 64 ,44, 58 64 ,44 55 61 ,11 50 55 . 56 50 55 .55 % gia Thap SL 15 25 20 19 21 21 28 % 16, 67 27,78 22,22... Ngi S6lugng Ngoai Dinh huong Ngi khong gian Ngoai Con nguoi - Ngi nganh nghe Ngoai Co mau 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 Diem trung binh 5. 22 4,80 4,91 4.90 5. 11 4 .53 5, 03 4 ,61 4,70... binh 4, 95 5.07 4. 85 4. 95 4.81 4.83 4.83 4.81 4 .54 4.48 4 .66 4 .62 4.24 4,18 C& mau 47 43 47 43 47 43 47 43 ,47 43 47 43 47 43 He s6 trung binh khac biet 0.12 0,10 0,02 0,02 0, 06 0,04 0. 06 Khd ndng