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Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Bd Thi Minh Nguyet THVC TRANG KHA NANG KHAI QUAT HOA CUA TRE MAU GIAO LOFN (5 6 TUOI) TRONG HOAT DQNG LAM QUEN VOL TOAN d TRLTONG M A M NON AN BINH, THANH PHO BIEN HOA, T I[.]
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Bd Thi Minh Nguyet THVC TRANG KHA NANG KHAI QUAT HOA CUA TRE MAU GIAO LOFN (5-6 TUOI) TRONG HOAT DQNG LAM QUEN VOL TOAN d TRLTONG M A M NON AN BINH, THANH PHO BIEN HOA, T I N H DONG NAI B O T H I MINH NGUYET" TOM TAX Bdi bdo trinh bdy kit qud khao sal thuc trgng khd ndng khdi qudt hda (KQH) cita tre mdu gido ldn (MGL) (5-6 tudi) hogt dgng lam quen vdi Tgdn (LQVT) d Trudng Mdm ngn An Binh, thdnh phd Bien Hda, tinh Bdng Nai, gom nhirng noi dung sau: thuc trgng mirc dp KQH ciia tre MGL (5-6 ludi) hogl ddng lam quen vol Todn, nguyen nhdn ciia thuc trgng vd mdt so kien nghi Ket qud khdo sdt cho thdy khd ndng KQH cua tre MGL (5-6 tuoi) cdn thdp Tir khda: kha nang khai quat hda, boat dpng lam quen vdi To^, tre mau gido ldn (56 tudi) ABSTRACT The reality of the generalization ability ofpreschool children (5-6 year-old) in activities to familiarize themselves with mathematics in An Binh kindergarten, Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai province The report presents some survey results on the reality of Ihe generalization ability of preschool children (5-6 year-old) in aclivities to familiarize themselves with mathematics in An Binh Kindergarten, Bien Hoa city, Dong Nai province The contents of the report include the reality of the generalization level of preschool children (5-6 year-old) In aclivities to familiarize themselves with mathematics, the causes and some suggestions t enhance this ability in preschool children The results show that the generalization ability of preschool children (5-6 year-old) Is still low Keywords: reality, generabzation, generalization ability, activities to familiarize themselves with mathematics, preschool children (5-6 year-old) D?f v^n de Phat triln kha nang KQH cho tre MGL (5-6 tudi) boat ddng LQVT la mdt cae nhipm vu quan trpng nhjm chuSn bi tot vl mat tri tue cho tre vao hoc ldp Thue tiln hien nay, viec phat triln kha nSng KQH ciia tre MGL (5-6 tudi) boat ddng LQVT tai nhilu mjong mim non (MN) d phd Bien Hda, tinh Ddng Nai cdn nhieu bat cSp, vi vay cto ed nhirng nghien ciiu vl thuc trang kha nang KQH cua tre MGL (5-6 tudi) hoat ddng LQVT dl ed nhiing bidn phap phii hpp nhjm phat triln tri tu6 eho • ThS, Tapdng Oai hpc B6ng Nai 153 Tu' lieu tham khao tre Trong nghien eiru nay, ehiing tdi chi khao sat thuc trang kha nang KQH cua tre MGL (5-6 tudi) d Trudng MSm non An Binh, pbd Bien Hda, tinh Ddng Nai Khdi qudt hda la thao tae tri tue ma ngudi ta diing nd de hpp nhat nhieu ddi tupng khae mdt nhdm bay mdt loai dua tren co sd chiing cd thudc tinh chung gidng Khd ndng khdi qudt hda ia tiem nang eua ca nhSn giiip cho ngudi dd biet diing hanh ddng tri dc de hpp nhat nhieu ddi tupng khae mdt nhdm hay mpt loai dira tren eo sd chiing ed nhimg thudc tinh chung gidng Kha ntag KQH eiia tre MGL (5-6 tudi) boat ddng LQVT Id tiim ndng cua cd nhdn mdi tre giup cho tre dd thirc hien thdnh cdng hdnh dpng hgp nhdt nhiiu ddi tugng khde thdnh mgt nhdm hay mgt Iggi dua tren ddu hieu chung ndo a mite dp khac Thye trang kha nang KQH cua tre MGL (5-6 tudi) ho?t d^ng lam quen vdi Toan a Tru-dng M^m non An Binh, phd Bien Hda, tinh Dong Nai 2.1 Khdch thi khdo sdt, tieu chi ddnh gid, cong cu ddnh gid Khach the khao sat: 120 tre MGL (5-6 tudi) d Trudng Mtoi non An Binh, phd Bien Hda, tinh Dong Nai De danh gia thuc trang kha nang KQH eua tre MGL (5-6 tudi) d Trudng MN An Binh, Bien Hda, tinh Ddng Nai, chung tdi dua tren cae tiSu chi sau: • Tieu chi danh gia liha nang KQH 154 Sd 65 nam 2014 cua tre MGL (5-6 tuoi) hoat dong LQVT Tieu ehl Tre da thuc hien dupe hanh ddng phan nhdm, phan loai d\ra theo dau hieu ehung gidng nao hay ehua? Tieu chi Tre thuc bien dupe hanh dpng phan nhdm, phan loai dua theo diu hieu chung nao va giai thieh hanh ddng phan nhdm, phan loai Tieu chi 3.- Tre thuc hien dupe banh ddng phan nhdm su vat theo diu hieu ehung gidng nhau, giai thieh dupe banh ddng phan nhdm, phan loai cua minh va dimg dupe tir khai quat dl gpi ten nhom Dua vao eac tieu chi nay, chung toi danh gia thuc trang kha nang KQH cua tre MGL (5-6 tudi) hong boat dpng LQVT theo mirc dp sau: Cac miic dp ciia kha nSng KQH cua tre MGL (5-6 tuli) hoat ddng LQVT Mirc dg I (Miie dp yeu): Tre ehua thuc hien hanh dpng phan nhdm cac svr vat theo dau hieu chung nap dd, ehua biet giai thich hanh dpng phan nhdm cua minh, chua biit diing tir khai quat dl gpi ten chung cho nhdm Mii-c dg (Miic dp trung binh): Tr6 biet thuc hien hanh ddng phan nhdm cac sir vat theo dau hieu chung nao nhimg chua giai thich dupe hanh dpng phan nhdm, phan Ipai eiia minh, chua biit sir dung diing tir khai quat dl gpi ten chung cho nhdm Miic dp (Mirc dp kha): Tre thye hien dupe hJnh dpng phan nhdm, phan loai theo diu hieu chung nao dd, giai Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM thich duac hanh dong phan nhom cac su vat cua minh, nhimg chua biit sir dung diing tij khai quat de goi ten chung cho nhom Mirc (Miic tot): Tre thuc hien duofc hanh dong phan nhom, phan loai su vat theo dau hieu chung nao do, giai thich duac hanh dong phan nhom, phan loai cua minh, biet su dung tu mang tinh khai quat de dat ten chung cho nhom Cong cu danh gia: Chiing t6i thilt kS he th6ng bai tap nghiem lam cong cu danh gia, bai dugc chia nhom: Nhdm (gdm: bdi 1, bdi 2, bdi 3): Nhung bai nghiem yeu cau KQH theo dSu hieu ben ngoai Moi hh\ co c§u hoi nho, each tinh diem cho tung cau nhu sau: Cau (1 diem), cau (3 diem), cau (4 diem) Tong diem cho moi bai tap la diem, tong so diem bai a nhom la Bd Thj Mink Nguyet 24 diem Chiing toi chia cac muc nhu sau: Miic (tu - dilm), miic (tu 12 dilm), muc (tu 13 - 18 dilm), miic (tu 19-24 dilm) Nhdm (gom: bdi 4, bdi 5, bdi 6): Nhiing bai nghiem yeu ciu KQH theo diu hieu ben trong, ban chit hon M6i bai tap CO cau hoi nho, cau (2 diem), cau (6 diem), cau (8 diem) Tong diem cho moi Bai tap la 16 diem, tong s6 diem a bai nhom la 48 diem Lly tdng diem chia cho cho miic, se duac diem cho timg miic Nhu vay, tdng so diem a nhom (6 bai nghiem) 1^ 72 dilm Liy t6ng diem chia cho miic, chiing t6i co duac khoang diem cho timg miic tinh tren bai tap 2.2 Ket qud khdo sdt 2.2.1 Thuc trgng muc KQH ciia tre MGL (5-6 tudi) hogt ddng LQVT theo cdc bdi nghiim a nhdm (bdi 1, bdi 2, bdi 3) (xem bdng vd bieu 1) Bdng Mirc KQH ciia tre MGL (5-6 tudi) hogt ddng LQVT theo cdc bdi nghiem a nhdm Mirci (0-6 dilm) SL % 19,17 23 Mirc (7-12 dilm) SL % 25 20,83 MirC3 (13-18 dilm) SL % 47,50 57 Mirc (19-24 diim) SL % 15 12,50 Biiu Miic dp KQH cda tre MGL (5-6 tudi) hogt idng LQVT theo bdi nhdm 155 Tu' lieu tham khao S6 65 nam 2014 Bang va bieu dd eho thiy: Sl lupng tre tap trung d miie nhi^u ban so vdi cac mirc cdn lai; mirc cd sd luong tre it hon so vdi cac muc 1, miic vk miic 3; miic va mirc cd sd lupng tre tuong duong Miic (miic kha) ed 47,50% tre da thire bi?n banh d^ng thue hanh phan nhdm eac s\r vat theo diu bipu ehung nao dd, biit giai thieh banh dpng phSn nhdm eac sir vat ciia minh nhung chua biet su dung dung tir khai quat dl gpi ten ehung cho nhdm Miic ed 25 tre, chilm 20,83%, d miic tre ehl mdi dimg d mire dp biet phan nhdm sir vat thep diu hieu ehung nao dd nhung chua biit giai thieh hinh dpng phan nhdm str vat ciia minh, chua biet dimg tir khai quat dl gpi ten chung cho nhdm Miic IJ mire ylu nhit, vln cdn 23 tre (19,17%) ehua thuc hipn dupe hanh dpng phan nhdm sg: vat theo diu hipu chung nao dd, tre phan nhdm sir vjt m0t each nglu nhien theo cam tinh eiia minh Mirc (mirc dp tdt), chi cd 15 tre (12,5%) thgc hi?n dupe Wi tSp Kit qua trSn phan anh da so tre da thuc hifn dupe hanh d0ng phan nhdm, phan lo^i theo ddu bi$u chung d bSn ngoai ndo dd va biet giai thich hdnh d^ng phan nhdm, phan loai sir v$t Rit it tre biit diing tir mang tinh khii quat de dat tdn chung cho nhdm da khai quit 2.2.2 Thuc trgng mice dp KQH cua tre MGL (5-6 tudi) hogt dpng LQVT theo cdc bdi nghiem d nhom (bdi 4, bdi 5, bdi 6) (xem bdng vd bieu dd 2) Bdng Mirc dp KQH cua tre MGL (5-6 tudi) hogt dpng LQVT theo cdc bdi nghiem a nhdm Mirci Mirc Mirc Mirc (0-12 diem) (13-24 flicm) (25-36 diim) (37-48 fflim) SL 18 SL SL % 98 81,67 % 15 % 3,33 SL % Bieu So sdnh mirc dp KQH cua tre MGL (5-6 ludi) hogt dgng LQVT Iheo nhdm bdi 90 ^ llB ao 70 B so 40 3D 20 10 •156 Mdci WK.1 ^Midml 13 25 S7 IS xMidniZ M U Mlh:4 Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM Bang va bieu cho thay ket qua mirc KQH cua tre MGL (5-6 tuoi) ho£it dong LQVT theo bai a nhom thip han han so vai nhom 1, cu the: khong co tre nao dat miic (muc t6t); miic (miic kha) chi c6 3,33%; miic (mirc trung binh) cung chi co 15% tre thirc hien dugfc bai tap Da so tre dang a miic (chiem 81,67%) CJ miic nay, tre chua biSt thuc hien hanh dong phan nhom cac sir vat theo dau hieu chung nao do, chua biet giai thich hanh dong phan nhom, phSn loai, chua biet each diing tir khai quat de ggi ten chung cho nhom Dvra vao tong so diSm cua timg tre va tong diem ciia 120 tre, chiing toi tinh dugc gi^ trj trung binh 1^ 8,69 va dO lech chuan la 6,04 vai diem so ciia tre phan tan a khoang diem tii 2,65 den 14,73 Nhu v$y, so lugng tre phan tan tir miic den miic nhung tap trung o miic nhieu hem Ket qua phan anh hiu hit Do Thi Minh Nguyet tre chua thuc hien dugc hanh dgng KQH theo dau hieu chung ben (ban chat han) Co it tre thuc hien dugc hanh dgng phan nhom, phan loai theo dau hieu chung (18 tre, 15%), rat it tre biet giai thich hanh dgng phan nhom, phan loai Clia minh Nhom gom nhimg bai nghiem yeu ciu tre KQH theo diu hieu ben (dau hieu ban chat han) Day la bai tap kho han so vai bai tap a nhom Thuc te tien hanh cho tre lam cac bai tap a nhom 2, chiing toi thay nhieu tre thuc hien hanh dgng KQH theo cam tinh, KQH ngau nhiSn (theo each noi ciia cac nha tam li hgc) Vi du tre chgn bo doi tugng thira nhung doi tugng khong phai la doi tugng co dae diem khac vai doi tugng lai 2.2.3 Thuc trgng muc KQH cita tre MGL (5-6 tudi) hogt dgng LQVT theo sd lieu cua todn thang (xem bdng vd biiu 3) Bdng Muc KQH cua tre MGL (5-6 tudi) hogt ddng LQ VT theo bdi Mirci (0-18 diim) SL % 47,50 57 Mirc Mirc Mirc (19-36 diim) SL % 50 41,67 (37-54 dilm) SL % 10,83 13 (55-72 diim) SL % 0 Biiu S Miic dp KQH cua tre MGL (5-6 ludi) hogl dpng LQVT Iheo bdi 157 Ttf lieu tham khao Sd 65 nam 2014 Thirc trang mirc KQH cua tre MGL (5-6 tu6i) hoat dgng LQVT dua theo toan bg thang bang va bieu d6 cho thiy: Trong t6ng s6 120 tre dugc khao sat, khong co mgt tre nao co kha nang KQH dat dilm a mirc Day la miic KQH cao nhit, a miic doi hoi tre phai biit thuc hien hanh dgng phan nhom cac su vat theo dau hieu chung nao do, biit giai thich hanh dgng phan nhom, phan loai ciia minh, biet sir dung tir khai quat de dat ten chung cho nhom Ti le tre dat miic cung chi co 10,83% (13 tre) Trong co den 41,67% so tre a miic Nhu vay, co the thay rang mirc KQH Clia tre thap (the hien a miic 2), tre chi biet thuc hien hanh dgng thuc hanh phan nhom cac su vat theo dau hieu chung nao nhung chua biet giai thich hanh dgng phan nhom, phan loai cac su vat, chua biet su dung diing tir khai quat de ggi ten chung cho nhom nhieu a miic va miic 2.2.4 Nguyin nhdn Co nhieu nguyen nhan dan den thuc trang neu tren, cu the nhu sau: Nguyen nhdn thu nhdt (tir phia gido vien mdm non (GVMN)): •^ Khi day tre KQH, GVMN chii ylu chi quan tam din viec day tre biit tim diu hieu chung gi6ng cr ben ngoai de phan nhom, phan loai cac su vat, hien tugng, chua quan tam day tre KQH theo dau hieu chung giong ben ban chat han GVMN chua chu trgng viec yeu c§u tre dung ngon ngii de giai thich tai tre lai xep nhung doi tugng vao mgt nhom, dimg tu khai quat de dat ten chung cho nhom sau tre da phan nhom su vat theo dau hieu chung nao + GVMN chua co hieu biet sau sic ve dae diem KQH cua tre MGL (5-6 tuoi), vi vay, to chirc cac hoat dgng cho tre KQH thuang dua yeu cau KQH thap hon so voi kha nSng ciia tre - Mgt ti le dang quan tam nua la co din 47,50% s6 tre dang a mirc 1, s6 tre kha nang KQH trinh yeu, tre chua biet thuc hien hanh dgng thuc hanh phan nhom cac sir vat theo diu hieu chung, chua biit giai thich hanh dgng phan nhom cua minh, chua biit dung tir khai quat dl ggi ten chung cho nhom Nguyen nhdn thu hai: Tro choi ve KQH hoat dgng LQVT chua phong phii nen GVMN gap kho khan viec phat triln kha nang KQH cua tre hoat dgng LQVT Nhimg tro chai hgc tap ma GVMN thuang sii dung dl phat trien kha nang KQH cho tre MGL (5-6 tuoi) chii ylu la nhiing tro choi liy tir tuyen tap cac tro chai Nhimg tro choi c6 s6 lugng it va ngi dung dan gian, khong phu hgp vdi dae diem KQH cua Ilia tu6i MGL, chu yeu luy$n tap cho tre KQH theo diu hieu chung gi6ng d ben ngoai, chua chii y day tre KQH theo diu hif u chung giong ben ban Dua vao ket qua thu dugc tinh theo dilm cua tre chiing toi tinh dugc gia trj trung binh la 20,66 va lech chuin la 12,34 Voi ket qua tren, diem ciia tre dugc phan tan tir 8,32 din 33 dilm Kit qua cho thay s6 lugng tre tap trung 158 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM chat han Cac tro chai tuyen tap cac tro chai danh cho tre MGL chi chii y day tre KQH hanh dgng ma chua chii y den kha nang KQH bang ngon ngir, nghia la tro chai chua yeu cau tre giai thich hanh dgng phan nhom, phan loai va diing tir khai quat de ggi ten chung cho nhom Nguyen nhdn thir ba: Trong ehuang trinh giao due mam non, ngi dung cho tre LQVT cung chua quan tam nhilu din viec phat triln KQH cho tre MGL (5-6 tuoi), chua dua yeu cau cu the ve ngi dung cin day KQH cho tre Bg chuan phat triln tre tuoi co ngi dung KQH chung chung va thap hon kha nang KQH Clia tre theo cac nghien ciiu ciia cac nha tam ll hgc Nhimg nguyen nhan neu tren da lam han che kha nang KQH a tre MGL (5-6 tuli) hoat dpng LQVT Ket luan va kien nghi 3.L Kit lugn Ket qua khao sat thuc trang miic dg KQH Clia tre MGL (5-6 tu6i) hoat dgng LQVT qua bai tap cho thay kha nang KQH ciia tre a miic thap Nhieu tre chi mcri dimg a kha nang biet tim dau hieu chung nao va phan nhom, phan loai su vat theo diu hieu chung Da s6 tre chua biet diing ngon ngii de giai thich vi lai xep nhung vat vao ciing nhom va hau het cac tre chua biit diing tir khdi quat dl ggi ten chung cho nhom Kha nang KQH ciia tre a cac bai tap nhom (KQH theo dau hieu chung gidng ben ngoai) tot hon so vai cac bai tap a nhom (KQH theo diu hieu Dd Thi Minh Nguyet ben ban chat han) the hien a viec tre thuc hien bai tap a nhom dat diem miic va miic cao han han so vai nhom bai tap Ket qua phan anh thuc hien nhirng bai tap doi hoi KQH dua vao dau hieu chung giong a ben ngoai thi da so tre da biet dua vao dau hieu chung giong de phan nhom, phan loai su vat va biet giai thich hanh dgng phan nhom, phan loai cua minh Khi thuc hien bai tap doi hoi phai KQH theo dau hieu chung giong ban chat han thi da so tre MGL (5-6 tuoi) gap kho khan viec tim dau hieu chung giong de phan nhom, phan loai sir vat, hien tugng; tre gap kho khan viec dimg ngon ngir dl giai thich hanh dgng phan nhom, phan loai ciia minh 3.2 Mdt sd kien nghi Ddi vdi Vu Mdm non, Bd Gido due vd Ddo tgo: + Can ket hgp vol cac truong su pham CO khoa giao due mam non de b6i duang chuyen mon ve li luan KQH va dae biet la dae diem KQH cua tre MGL (5-6 tudi) + Can bo sung, chinh sira va cu the hoa chi s6 danh gia kha nang KQH cua tre MGL (5-6 tuoi) Bg chuin phat trien tre em tuoi cho phii hgp Ddi vai cdc tnrdng su phgm: Nen bien tap cac tro chai hgc tap nhim phat triln kha nang KQH cho tre MGL (5-6 tuoi) hoat dgng LQVT, dae biet la nhung tro chai hgc tap doi hoi phai giai quylt nhiem vu chai KQH dua vao diu hieu chung gidng ben ban chat han va KQH bang ngon ngii, nh§m 159 Tu" lieu tham khao S6 65 ndm 2014 giiip giao vien co nguon tro chai phong phu de to chiic cac hoat dgng giao due phat trien tri tue cho tre Ddi vdi cdc trudng mdm non: Ban giam hieu can thuang xuyen kiem tra ke hoaeh giao due ciia GVMN ve viec sir dung tro choi hgc tap nham phat trien idia nang KQH cho tre MGL (5-6 tu6i) Tren ca sa dieu chinh ngi dung ke hoaeh giao due nham tang cuong tro choi hgc tap phat trien kha nang KQH cho tre MGL (5-6 tuoi) hoat dgng LQVT TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bo Giao due va Dao tao (2010), Bg chudn phdt trien tre em tudi (ban hanh kem theo Thong tu si 23/2012/TT-BGD DT 23-10-2010 ciia Bo truang Bg GD&DT) Bg Giao due va Dao tao (2010), Chucmg trinh gido due mdm non,, Nxb Giao due Viet Nam Le Thu Huang, Le Thi Anh Tuyet (dong chu bien) (2010), Hudng ddn thuc hien ehuang trinh gido due mdm non mdu gido lan (5-6 tudi), Nxb Giao due Viet Nam Trin Thi Nggc Tram (2003), Thiet ki vd sd dung trd chai hgc tgp nhdm phdt triin khd ndng khdi qudt hda cua tre mdu gido ldn (5-6 tudi), Luan an Tiln sT Giao due hgc, Vien Khoa hgc Giao due Vugotxki L X (1997), Tuyen tap tdm li hgc, Nxb Dai hgc Qu6c gia Ha Ngi Nguyen Quang Uin (chu bien), Nguyin Van Luy, Dinh Van Vang (2010), Gido trinh Tdm li hoc dgi cuang, Nxb Dai hgc Su pham (Ngiy Tda soan nhan duac bii- 21-10-2013; ngiy phin biin dinh gii: ngiy chip nh$n dang: 160 16-9-2014} 23-10-2013; ... 120 tre MGL (5- 6 tudi) d Trudng Mtoi non An Binh, phd Bien Hda, tinh Dong Nai De danh gia thuc trang kha nang KQH eua tre MGL (5- 6 tudi) d Trudng MN An Binh, Bien Hda, tinh Ddng Nai, chung tdi... 8 ,69 va dO lech chuan la 6, 04 vai diem so ciia tre phan tan a khoang diem tii 2 ,65 den 14,73 Nhu v$y, so lugng tre phan tan tir miic den miic nhung tap trung o miic nhieu hem Ket qua phan anh... Nhimg nguyen nhan neu tren da lam han che kha nang KQH a tre MGL (5- 6 tuli) hoat dpng LQVT Ket luan va kien nghi 3.L Kit lugn Ket qua khao sat thuc trang miic dg KQH Clia tre MGL (5- 6 tu6i) hoat dgng