Tap chi Klioa hoc DHQGH\ Nghien cuu Grio due Tap 30 So I (2014) 61 70 Kinh nghiem 8 quoc gia xay dung dai hoc ddng c4p thi giai Dinh Ai Linh Dai hoc Qudc gia thdnh phd Hd Chi \finh Khu Phd 06, Phu&ng[.]
Tap chi Klioa hoc DHQGH\ Nghien cuu Grio due Tap 30 So I (2014) 61-70 Kinh nghiem quoc gia xay dung dai hoc ddng c4p thi giai Dinh Ai Linh Dai hoc Qudc gia thdnh phd Hd Chi \finh Khu Phd 06, Phu&ng Linb Trung Qudn Thu Due thdnh phd Bd Chi Minh i let Nam Nhan 05 diing 12 nam 2013 Chinh sua 23 thaig 01 nam 2014 chip nhan ding 24 thing nam 2014 T6ni tat: N^iien aru kinh nghiem x^' dung dai hpc dSng ap thi gioi ciia nude Trung Qudc Nhat Etan Han Qudc An Dp, Disc, V\\ap Nga Canada cho thiy cac nude diu cd du an xay dyng d^ hoc ding c ^ the gidi kha da dang, nhung npi dung chu yeu van la tap Irung diu tu kinh [^i dl d ^ nhanh kha nang nghien ciiu kboa bpc cua cac tmdng dai bpc va cac v i ^ nghien ciiu t|p trung dao t ^ ngudn nhan luc chat lupng cao %a thu hut nhan lai: xi>- dung cic truong dai bpc trgng diem, roi nang len trinh ding cap the gidi: tu nang cao tinh canh tianb giao due dai hpc tren pham vi toin cau Tukhda: Kinh nghiem qudc gia: dai bpc ding cap thi gidi: xay dung dai hoc ding cap thi gidi My, Anh la nhirng sieu cudng qudc ve giio due noi xuit hien nhieu trudng dai hpc ding cap the gidi nhu Dai hpc Harvard, Yale Princeton, Stanford Cambridge, dai hoc Oxford Hien tren the gidi cd mdt sd bang xep hang ndi tieng nhu bang xep hang ciia E>ai hoc Giao thdng TTiucmg Hai (ARWU), bang xep hang Anh (THES) va bang xep hang the gidi QS cic bing xep hang dirng diu Top 20 da phin deu li cac dai hpc My v i \nh Sau Iwdc vao ki nguyen kinh te tri tiiirc mdi quan he ngj^ cing chit che giiia giao dye dai hpc \ a phat trien kinh te tien bd khoa hpc cdng ngjie Dai hpc ding cap the gidi khdng chi Ii muc tieu quan de danh gia su phat trien qudc gia giao due dai hpc ma cdn ti mdt bieu hien quan trpng cho sue manh loan dien ciia mdt qudc gia Tuy nhien dai hpc dang cap the gidi vin la mdt khai niem ma hd chua cd mdt tieu chuan nhit dinh, dd cac • BT S4-942705077 EmaC' ailinh^Miulicin.edu.vn qudc gia tren the gidi deu hi vpng thdng qua su nd lyc cua minh xay dyng cdng dai hpc ding cap the gidi gidng nhu Dai hpc Harvard [1] Trung Qudc, Nhat Bin, Hin Qudc, kn Dp, Due, Phap, Nga Canada v i cic nude khac d i phin dau day nhanh tdc dp ysy dyng dai bpc dang cap thi gidi de "'bit kip" cac nude nhu Anh Mp Qua trinh xay dung d^i hoc dang cap thi gjdi cua cac qudc gia nhirng nim gin day rat dang de Viet Nam nghien cuu rut kinh nghiem qua trinh xiy dyng dai hpc ding cap the gidi cua minh Dy an x i y dnng dai hoc dang cap th£ gioi cua nnvc 1.1 Trung Qudc - "Du dn 211" vd "Du dn 985 " (211 Project and 985 Project) [2] Giiia thap ki 90, Trung Qudc cd ke hoach x ^ dyng 100 trudng dai hpc trpng diem trudc D Linh / Tgp chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN /» budc sang the ki 21 - Dy an 211 ddi Thing 5-1998, tai ll ki niem 100 Dai hpc Bic Kinh, Chu tich Giang Tr?ch Dan tuyen bd Trung Quoc quylt tam xay dung dai hpc dang cip thi gidi - D y an 985 ddi Thdng qua Du an 211, Trung Qudc tuyen chpn mpt sd trudng dai hpc dl nang cao chit tupng giang day, hoc t|.p v i nghien cii^ dl trd dau tau viec phit triln kinh tl - xS hpi cua dat nude va canh tranh qudc tl Dy an 211 la mdt dy an giao due dai hpc dupc diu tu ldn, giai doan tdng diu tu ten din 18,63 ti RMP cho khoang 100 trudng dai hoc va 602 nganh hpc trpng diem Dy an 211 giai doan dupc diu tu cho 107 trudng dai hpc vdi tdng dau tu 18,7 ti RMP Du in 985 giai doan I tap trung diu tu cho 34 trudng dai hpc, Dy an 985 giai doan II xiy dyng mdi them trudng dai hoc Den nim 2009, Dy an 985 tap trung diu tu cho 39 trudng dai hoc V Gido dvc Tgp 30 So I (2014) 61-70 nhirng trung tim nghien cuu, nhung phdng thi nghiem tdt nhit Nhirng nd lyc la cai gia ma Trung Qudc sin sing tri de thu hep khoing cic trudng d^ii hpc Trung Qudc vdi cac d^i hpc hing diu tren thi gidi Vdn de tdn lai: Trung Quoc da diu tu mpt sd tupng ldn kinh phi, nhien viec diu tu co ban da khdng su dyng theo cich thuc phan bd c^nh tranh, han nifa kinh phi phyc vu cho viec xay dyng phan cung v i diu tu diu ngudi rat nhieu, kinh phi danh cho phat trien nghidn ciiu khoa hpc chua diy du Ngudn dau tu su dung khdng hieu qua, ling phi, khd doan biet Trung Qudc se tiln friln thi nao viec xay dung d^i hpc ding cap the gidi 1.2- Nhdt Ban - "Thi ki 21 vd Chuang trinh COE todn cdu" (21st Century and Global COE Program) [3] Kel qua bu&c ddu: A'pi Du an 211 va Dy in 985 da thu hep khoang each giira cac d|ti hpc Trung Quoc vdi dai hpc the gidi, die bi^t li lmh vyc nghien ciiu khoa hpc v i bdi dudng nhan tai Trung Qudc xay dyng dupc 99 trudng d?i hpc trpng diem tren tdng sd 1.683 trudng dai hpc va cao ding cdng lip d Trung Qudc Trong sd dd, 39 trudng dupc coi li dai hpc cd dinh hudng nghien cuu manh m€, trudng dupc xay dung trd dai hpc ding cap the gidi dd Dai hpc Bac Kinh va D^i hpc Thanh Hoa ti hat trudng diu bang Thu hiit cic nhi khoa hpc Trung Qudc d nude ngoii, ciing nhu nhilu nhi khoa hoc nude ngoai thuc hien giang day va nghien ciru tai cac dai hpc Trung Qudc Ddng gdp dang ke cho sy phit trien kinh te - x i hpi Trung Qudc Ddc diem chinh: Trung Qudc mudn dua nhung tnrdng dai hpc hing diu cua minh vao danh sach nhirng Irudng dai hpc tdt nhit the gidi vdng mpt thip ki va chi hing ti USD cho viec xiy dung Trong khudn khd mdt chuong trinh cai td sau sic cua Chinh phii Koizumi, ban "Ke hoach Toyama" dua ta thing 6-2001 nhim tii ciu tnic giao dye d^i hpc Vdi y tudng vc m^t chuang trinh ho trp cho "30 trudng dai hpc tinh hoa" nhim thiic diy cac trudng vuan len ding cap the gidi Xiy dyng mdt sd trung tam nghien cuu khoa hpc chit lupng thi ki 21, mdi don vj nghien ciiu dupc cip tii 100 trieu den 500 trieu yen Nhit, cap lien tiep vdng nam [4] Nhat Ban dya tren nhimg tieu chi chat luong khach quan tim cdng cy giiip minh bach nhirng khoin diu tu ciia Nha nude, thiic diy tinh c ^ h tranh qudc t l m^nh m6 ciia cic trudng dai hpc, tao cic trung tim nghien ciru khoa hpc xuat sac mang tinh quoc tl, tap trung thu hiit nhin tai Ket qua bu&c ddu: Dy an "Thi ki 21 v i Chuong trinh COE" da ho trp tai chinh cho 113 don vi nghi€n cuu D-4 UrA Tgp chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN .Vghiai cuu Gkio Aia Tgp30 So I i20l4i 61-70 thupc 50 trudng dai hpc (31 dai hoc quoc gia dai hpc cong lap v i 15 dai hpc tu thuc) sd 686 trudng dai hoc (99 dai hpc qudc gia, 75 dai hpc cdng lap va 512 dai hpc tu thuc) Trong vdng nam moi don vj nghien ciru duoc lai try kinh phi la 1.1 trieu USD, tdng gia tri tai try Ien den 1.5 ti USD Dy in "Thi ki 21 va Chuong trinh COE" tir nim 2007 din nam 2009 ho try ngan s ^ h dat d miic 15.8 ti yen,34ti yen \ a 34.2 tl yen [5] Du an da tac dung rat ldn viec hoan thien mdi trudng nghien ctm khoa hoc vk giao due dai hpc, nang (^o trinh dp nghien ciru khoa hpc ciia cac trudng dai hpc Ddc diem chinhCo che canh tranh d i di vio cic tnidng dai bpc, thyc hien he thdng danh gia ciia ben thu ba, tien hanh cai each phap nhan hda: tap trung hd lip cd trpng diem mdt sd nganh miii nhpn mang tinh lpi the; diy manh viec nghi«i ciiu khoa hoc d cic tiudng dai bpc, dao tao va thu hut nhan tai; ho try viec lip mdt trung tam nghien ciru qudc te; thuc diy viec canh tranh vdi cac trudng d?i hpc tren the gidi Vdn 3e Idn tai: Cac nghien cihi ciia tnidng dai hpc da mat di tinh dpc lap va mang tinh ca nhin: Do tic dpng cua ngudn ngan sadi hd try nghien cihi khoa hpc din den viec phan hda triidi dp giDa cac trudng dai hpc, xem nhe nghien ciiu kboa hpc CO ban va nghien cihi khoa hpc xa hpi \ a nhan van / Hon Qudc -Dudn "Tri tue Hdn Quoc21 ' (Brain Korea 21 Project) [6] Noi dung du an: Doi \ d i Chinh phii Hin Qudc quan tam den viee thu hiit hang ngan sinh vien Trung Qudc, An E)d, v i NTiit Ban tir cac trudng dai hpc \ K den hoc vuot qua cac ddi thii Singapore, Hong Kong Malaysia, vdi giac mo biln Han Qudc trd diem den hing dau ciia giao due dai bpc khu vyc Chau A, Giai doan diu (19992005) mdi nam Han Qudc diu tu 199.5 h won (tuang duong khoang 170 trieu USD) de xay dung dai hpc ding cap the sidi, ddng flidi nang cao chit lupng nghien cuu cua cic tmdng dai bpc xuit sac: diu tu cho cac tmdng (bi hoc cd vien nghien ciiu tiem ning day manh n ^ i e n Cliu CO bin, tap tnmg vio cac ITnh vyc mui nhpn: diu tu phat trien cac tmdng dai hpc vdi muc tieu tang sue canh tranh va ddng thdi tang sy lien ket giiia cac tnidng dai hoc vdi cic doanh n ^ i e p tap trung dau tu cac dy in hpp tic giira cdng nghiep vdi tmdng dai hpc Giai doan hai (2006-2012), diu t u nim vdi khoing 2,1 ti USD vdi muc tieu xiy dung tmng tam nghien ciiu xuat sac, hd try cac Rnh vyc nghien ciiu mui nhpn ciia cac tmdng dai hoc nghien ciiu giup cho cac nha nghien ciiu (nghien ciiu sinh, tien sT, giao Su, nghien ciiu vien.,.) cd mdt mdi tmdng hpc thuat ^ t yen tam hpc tap va nghien ciiu nhim nang cao dupe ning lyc canh tranh die gidi [7} Kil qud bit&c ddu: Kha nang v i ket qua nghien ciiu tmdng dai hoc Han Quoc tang len dang ke, sd lupng an pham Iinh vuc khoa hpc cdng nghe cua Han Qudc dupc ding tren t ^ chJ SCI tang gap lin so vdi nam 1998, xep hang the gidi tir vi tri thir 18 vao nam 1998 tang len vi tri thii 12 vao nam 2005 v i vi tri thii 10 vao nim 2012 He thong giao due dai hpc ciia Hin C^idc chuyen he thdng giao due dai hpc ^nh hudng nghien cuu Dieu kien hpc tap va ndiien ciiu oia cac nghien ciiu sinh khdng ngimg dupc cai thien so lupi^ thac si nhan tai try Ien den 38.000 ngudi va t i ^ sT 19.000 ngudL diu tu cho nhihig Giih vyc nghieo euu miii nhpn (tir nam 2(X)3-2005 moi nam diu tu 17,3tiwon cho 126 dy an cua 126 tnidng dai hoc), til trp tuyen dung 2.400 giao su va 3.700 sau tiln si [8] Dgc diem chinhNang luc nghien ciiu khoa hpc cua Han Qudc dupc nang cao dat qui rat dang ^ D.4 Unh/T(p chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN, Nghien aru Gido dtic Tgp 30 Sd (2014) nhin Ben canh dd, tiinh dp nghien cuu khoa hpc ciia Hin Quoc cang tilp can trinh dp thi gidi Hin Qudc tao mdi trudng hpc tap va nghien ciru thuan loi cho nhihig nhi nghien cu;u tre, tao mpi dilu kien, ca hdi cho ho phit huy hit tai ning Chit luong dio tao ttinh dp tiln si cua Han Qudc ngiy cang tiep can vdi cac tmdng dai hpc ndi tiing tren the gidi Vdn de tdn tai: Sy phan bd kinh phi khdng ddng deu tao nen khoang eich gifla cac tmdng d?i hpc hang dau va cic trudng dai hpc khac cing xa; din den co ciu l^i h? thdng giio due dai hpc hinh chdp cua Hin Quoc; Cic tmdng dai hpc tuin theo cac quy djnh cai each ciia Bd Giao due Han Qudc dan den thilu tinh dpc tip va ty chu I in DQ - ki hoach "14 tru&ng dai hoc ddng cdp thi gi&i" (14 World Class Universities) [9] Ngi dung du dn: Phit bilu tai le ki niem ngiy dpc tap (23-62007), Thii tudng An Dp Manmohan Singh tuyen bd se xiy dyng 14 tmdng d^i hpc ding cip the gidi nhu Dai hpc Harvard hay Dai hoc Cambridge nhim nang cao tinh canh ttanh toan ciu cua giio dye d^i hpc An Do Ngiy 29-32008, Bp Phat tiiln Ngudn nhin tyc cdng bd ke ho^ch xiy dyng 14 tmdng dai hpc ding cap the gidi ke hoach nam lin thii 11 ciia An Dp O ba tieu bang, mpt so tmdng dai hoc cdng se dit dudi sy chi d^o cua Chinh phii de chuyen thinh dai hpc ding cip the gidi An Dd dau tu 73 tri?u USD de xay dyng 14 tmdng dai hoc ding cip the gidi An Dp cQng da de nghi vdi Anh giiip vl tai chinh v i ki thuat de xay dyng dai hpc ding cip the gidi [10], Kit qud bu&c ddu Dy an giai doan khdi dpng, chua thay rd kit qua budc diu [11], Dgc cliem chinh Dy an cd sy phdi hpp giua Chinh phii, tu nhan, ca so giao due dai hpc nude ngoii v i cac tmdng dai hpc An Dp tich cyc tim kiem sy hpp tac vdi cac trudng dai hpc ciia Hoa Ky, trudng dai hpc ciia Anh ttong xay dyng tmdng dai hpc ding cip thi gidi Tmdng d?i hpc dang cip the gidi la nhung dai hpc da nganh, da ITnh vyc cd cic nginh ty nhien, nhin van, xa hdi, cdng nghe, y hpc, An Dp cung xay dyng "De in hd trp tiim ning xuit sic ciia tmdng dai hoc", cung cip cho kinh phi dac biet ho trp giang d?y v i nghien ciiu nhim ning cao trinh dp ciia giing vien va sinh vien die biet ti tiinh nghien ciiu cua cic nha khoa hpc tre [12] Vande ldn tgi: 14 tmdng dai hpc mdi va md hinh xay dung nhiing tmdng dai hpc nay, Chinh phu van cdn dang din do, chua xac dinh Cdn nhieu hang muc cua du an van chua hoan thinh, quy hoach dy an cdn dang chd phe duyet, chua khdi dpng Tinh hifu qua ciia dy in thip Ngudn kinh phi xiy dyng qua nhd (so vdi Trung Quoc diu tu 700 tri?u USD chi cho mdt trudng, cang nhd be so vdi ngan sich hoat ddng ciia Dai hpc Harvard - tiSn 2,6 ti USD mdi nam) Dy an md rpng d miic bao ddng, vi?c thyc hi?n se gip nhieu khd khin 15 Diic - "Sdng kiin (Exzelleminiliaive) [13] ve su uu tu" Ngi dung du dn Trong vdng nim (2006-2011), dy an dau tu 1,9 ti Euro cho 10 dai hpc cd tiem nang ttd nhirng tmdng tinh hoa Ngudn kinh phi bao gdm 75% Chinh phii Lien bang cung cap, 25% vdn cic ngudn khac [14] Nguon dau tu tip trung: cho cic dai hpc cd myc tieu trd dai hpc ding cip thi gidi, cac tmng tim nghien cinj khoa hpc uu tu dupc thi gidi cdng nhan, v i cac khoa dao tao sau dai hpc nhim nang cao chat lupng cic chuang trinh dao t^o cua hp D.A Linh' Tgp chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN Nghien euu Cido due Tdp 30 S6 I (2014) 61-70 Ket qud bu&c ddu: Din thing 1-2006, da chpn dupc 10 dai hoc sd 27 iing vien, 41 du an vS cac tmng tam nghien ciiu sd 157 du an nop don va 39 khoa dao tao sau dai hpc sd 135 khoa ding ki [15], Thing 11-2008 tilp tuc dl nghi tiep tuc tang them 2,7 ti Euro cho din nim 2017 [16] Ddc diem chinh: Tip trung dau tu cho nhiing dai hpc cd dinh hudng trd dai hpc ding cip thi gidi Tang cudng dau tu nghign ciiu khoa hpc ciia cac tmdng dai hpc, chii trpng khoa hoc tu nhien, nhin m^nh sy hpp tic nghien ciiu lien nganh, tdng gh^p cac ngudn lyc xa hdi, ting cudng hpp tic cac tinh vyc khoa hpc va cdng nghe; chii trpng thu hiit nhin tat, dao tao cae nha nghien ciru tie Vdn di tdn taiNgudn kinh phi khdng thi dip iing dupc nhu ciu thyc tS cho cac dai hpc v i tmng tam nghien cuu; it chu trpng vao cic nganh khoa hpc xa hdi va nhin vin Kinh phi dau tu qua nhieu vao ra^t sd it tmdng dai hpc, tang tinh c^nh tranh giira cac trudng dai hpc cua Due ddng thdi ciing tao nen khoing each phit trien khdng ddng deu giOa cic tmdng dai hpc Phdp - "Ke hoach khuon viin nhd iruang" (Plan Campus) [\T\ Ngi dung du dn Chinh phu Phap diu tu ti Euro de xay dyng 10 tmng tim giang day va nghien ciiu dai hpc dat "tim the gidi", bao gdm tdng cpng 39 tmdng dzii hpc (trong tdng sd 85 tmcmg dai hpc tten c i nude), 37 td chiic giao dye dai hpc va cac vien nghien ciiu, vdi 650.000 sinh vien v i 21.000 nhi nghien ciiu [18] "Ke hoach khudn vien nhi tmdng" gan kit cae trudng dai hpc Phip vdn dT bi manh miin nhim tao nhirng trudng dai hoc dang cap the gidi ciia Phap, cai thien hinh inh giio due dai hpc Phap bang xep hang the gidi Kel qud bu&c ddu: dy an dupc lya chpn dot diu tien vao cudi thing 5-2008 Thang d i p tuc dot lya chpn thu hai vdi du an mdi Thing 12-2009, Tdng thong Phip cdng bd diu tu tiep 3,5 ti Euro "cho vay" de nang cao nang luc canh tranh ctia cac tmdng dai hpc Phip; ttpng 1.1 ty Euro s6 dupc phin bd cho cic trudng dai hpc ciia Phip bang cich thdng qua canh tranh tuyen chpn khoang tir din 10 tmdng [19] Dgc diem chinh: Xay dung tmdng dai hpc va cac vien nghien Cliu mpt quan the giang day va nghien cihi khoa hpc nhu mdt phd dai hpc khoa hpc hien dai; khuyen khich cac trudng dai hpc ket hop giua giao due dfii hpc vdi nghien cuu khoa hpc Dy an dau tu Idn, phgm vi rpng, lien quan den nhieu giang vien, sinh vien va nha nghidn ciiu Vdn di tdn lgi: Tao su phat trien khdng ddng deu giira cac tmdng dai hpc Mdt sd tmdng dai hpc khdng phai trpng diem se khdng dupc quan tam diu tu D I in mdi dupe tien hinh budc diu nen chi cd ket qui so bp, chua cd ket qua cudi cung ciia du an / Nga - ki hoach "Dai hoc sdng tgo cua Lien Bang Nga" (Innovation University of Russian Federation) [20] Noi dung du dn Lya chpn nhirng tmdng dgi hpc cd tiem n5ng to tdn nhit dl tap tmng diu tu xiy dung trd dai hpc ding cap the gidi Giai dogn diu, Nga chpn 17 tmdng dai hpc, moi tmdng dai hpc vdng nam dupc dau tu ti nip (khoing 34 ttidu USD) Giai doan hai D Lmh ' Tap ehi Khoa hoc DHQGHN Nghten am Gido due, Tdp 30 So I (2014) 61-70 chpn 40 tmdng dai hoc, moi tmdng dai hpc nim diu fti ti nip (khoing 34 trieu USD) Nim 2009, Bd Khoa hpc va Giao dye Nga phat ddng cudc canh tranh ttd thinh dai hpc nghien cuu qudc gia va dua mdt dy in tai trp ttong vdng 10 nim, moi nim dau tu ho trp 60 trieu USD cho nhirng tmdng dai hpc nghien ciiu quoc gia Kil qua bu&c ddu: Tir nam 2006 din nam 2008, 57 tmdng dai hpc nhin dupc tai try tir Chinh phii Lien bang Nga, mdi tmdng dgi hpc nhan khoang 34 ttieu USD Nam 2008, Dai hpc Nghien cihi hat nhan qudc gia v i Dai hpc Khoa hpc-Cdng nghe tai Moscow da dupc trao danh hieu dgi hpc nghien Cliu qudc gia Nam 2009, 12 tmdng dai hpc dupc trao danh hieu dgi hoc nghidn cuu qudc gia, dd cd tmdng dai hpc khoa hpc v i cdng nghe [21], Trong cic nim tiep theo tmdng nio khdng giir dupc danh hieu dai hoc nghidn cuu qudc gia se bi loai bd khoi du an Nhin chung, Dy an cung cap nhilu ca hpi cac tmdng dai hpc Nga nghien ciru v i phit trien, d mdt miic dp nio dd da thiic day su phat trien nhanh chdng ciia giao dye dai hpc d Nga Ddc diem chinh Sap nhgp cic tmdng dai hpc d nhieu khu vyc de phat trien dai hpc nghien cuu qudc gia Viec xiy dyng dai hpc nghien ciiu quoc gia theo cac linh vyc mang tinh ung dyng, chu yeu la dai hpc khoa hpc va cdng nghf (trudc day la vi?n cdng ngh? Lien Xd) Cic tmdng dai hpc thdng qua canh tranh d§ dupc Chinh phii Lien bang tai tta Nga phai lua chpn, ttong sd nhitng dudng kha dT, mdt dy an tan dung nhiing the mgnh da cd va nhung ngudn tyc hifn cd Vdi nh&ng anh hudng cdn roi rdt lai cua thdi Xd Viet ve co che quin tri v i vin hda quan li, viec lip cac tmdng dai hpc mdi la cich tiep can tdt nhit ciia Nga viec phat trien giao dye dgi hpc Vdnde tontai- Cho din nay, Nga van cdn la nude dau tu tai chinh cho giao due dai hpc thap nhit so vdi cac nude OECD va cic nude khic Vdi 0,7% GDP cho giao due dai hpc, miic d^ chi phi cho phat trien nghien cuu khoa hpc va nang cao nang tyc giang day cua cac trudng dai hoc qui thip dl dap ling bit ki tham vpng nio viec tranh gianh vi tti dang cap thi gidi Chinh sich xay dyng dai hpc ding cap the gidi khdng dupc nghien ciiu kT ludng, thieu nghiSn ciiu kT viec xay dung mdi cac tmdng dai hpc Cd xu hudng thien vl cic ITnh vyc n ^ i e n cuu iing dyng, coi nhe nghign cim khoa hpc ca ban; thieu tu hpc thuat, thilu chinh sach cdng khai, canh tranh d i tao nen rio can ddi vdi viec thyc hien xay dyng tmdng dgi hpc ding cap the gidi 1.8 Canada - "Gido su chii tri nghiin cim xudt sdc cua Canada " (Canada Excellence Research Chairs) [22] Ndi dung chinh cua du anHang nam, Chinh phii Canada dau tu 28 trieu USD cho cac trudng dai hpc ttong toan qudc de thiet lap mot sd nhdm nghiSn ciru manh 20 giao su ndi tieng diing diu, nhim ning cao uy tin nghien ciiu khoa hpc cua Canada tren phgm vi the gidi, ddng thdi day manh nghidn Cliu phat minh sang tgo, nang cao kha nang canh tranh san pham hang hda cua Canada Kel qud bu&c ddu: Thing 5-2010, lap nhdm nghien ciiu "Giio su chii tri nghien cuu xuat sic" dau tidn Moi giio su chti tri nghien ciiu va moi nhdm nghien cuu ciia minh nhan 10 trieu USD kinh phi tii tip vdng nam Thing 6-2011, Canada lai tuyen bd nam diu tu thSm 53,5 ttieu USD cho cac nhdm nghien ciiu Lmh virc trgng diimCanada tip trung diu tu vao nhirng llnh vuc: khoa hpc va cdng nghe mdi trudng, tai nguyen thien nhien va ning tupng, khoa hoc va BA Lmh/ Tgp chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN Nghien cuu Gido due Tgp 30, So I (2014) 61-70 cdng nghe cupc sdng, thdng tin v i cdng ngh? trayen thdng I dn di Ion tgi: Diu tu nghien ciiu qui chii trpng nghien Cliu khoa hpc img dyng, cpi nhe khoa hpc xa h^i nhan vin De an chi mdi d giai doan khai diu, chi cd nhiing ket qua so b^, dang chd xem kit qui cuoi ciing cua du an Phan ti'ch, danh gia Nhung diem chung: Trong bdi canh ctia nin kinh tl tri thiic va loan cau hda, cic nude deu udc mo cd dupc nhflng dai hoc dang cap the gidi, Cac nude xay dyng dai hpc dang cap the gidi rit da dang, nhung tip tmng vao npi dung chu yeu sau: - Cac nude deu nhan Ihiic rang tri thitc quygt djnh su tang tmdng kinh tl va canh tranh toin ciu Cac dai hpc dang cip the gidi giu vai trd chii chdt cho sy phat trien kinh te nen kinh te tri thiic va toan cau hda - Chinh phu cac nude deu ting diu tu kinh phi ddi vdi cac trudng dai hpc v i vien nghien Cliu; xay dung cic tmng tim nghien ciiu xuat sic, phdng thi nghiem hien dgi; ning cao chat tupng dio tap, nghien ciiu khoa hpc d cic trudng dai hpc; day manh hpp tic vdi cic tmdng dai hpc trdn the gidi; ning cao ning cgnh tranh qudc tl cua ciia cic trudng dai hpc - Diu tu kinh phi thyc hifn dya tien nguyen tic "tuyen chon va tip trung diu tu"; chi diu tu mpt sd tmdng dai hpc trpng diem, mot sd ITnh vuc nghien cuu mui nhpn, cd tiem nang cgnh tranh the gidi; tip trung ngu6n tyc ldn de nhanh chdng riit ngan khoing each vdi cac dai hoc hing dau tren the gidi - Di lien vdi viec phan bd va sii dyng kinh phi, xuit hien ca che dinh gii nghiem tiic va ca che kiem toin de dim bao tinh hieu qui, cdng khai v i minh bgch cua viec sii dung vdn dau tu Nhiing diim rieng: Ngoai nhflng diem chung tten, mdi nude cd mdt sd net rieng: - Thyc hien dy an: Canada, Dii-c, Nhit Bin, Han Qudc thyc hi|n dy in kha chit che,dgc bi^t la tip trung viec xay dung cic khoa sau dai hpc, nang cao ning tuc nghien ciiu ciia nghien ciiu sinh, xay dyng mgng tudi hpp tac qudc tl, thu hut v i dao tao tii nang khoa hoc tre tten thi gidi - Dua vao co che danh gii cua ben thu ba: De tuyen chon cic hang myc nghien ciiu dupc diu tu, Canada, Phap, Nhit Ban, Han Qudc su dung CO che danh gia cua ben thii ba nhim dim bao kinh phi dau tu dupc hi?u qua, cdng khai, cdng bing v i minh bgch Trong dd dy an ciia Nga va An Dp, Trung Qudc khdng cd nhung tieu chuan tuyen chpn cu the, thilu cic CO che dinh gii hi?u qua ca chi giam sat kinh phi diu tu Dan den vi§c lo ngai doi vdi sy cdng bing cho cac tmdng dai hpc viec diu tu kinh phi, lim giam hifu qua sii dung cic ngudn kinh phi diu tu - Tap tmng xay dyng co sd ting: Phap, Tmng Qudc rat chii trpng viec xiy dyng ca so vit chat cho tmdng dgi hpc Cic nude khdng chi tip tmng nang cao nang tyc canh ttanh qudc tl vl dio tap, nghien ciiu khoa hpc ma cdn quan tam din vigc xiy dyng ca sd hg ting ciia tmdng dai hpc, xiy dung mdt mdi tmdng that tdt cho viec hpc tap va nghien ciiy khoa hoc khudn vien nha tmdng - Tap trung vao dai hoc khoa hpc cdng nghe: Do anh hudng lpi the tmyen thdng, Nga va An Dd coi trpng dau tu cho cic dgi hpc khoa hpc cdng ngh? (logi hinh khoa hpc ki thuat) Dy in dai hpc nghien ciiu qudc gia cua Nga chii yeu tuyen chpn dai hpc khoa hpc cdng nghg, Uy ban tii trp dai hpc An Dd hudng viec diu tu kinh phi cho cac vien cdng nghe An Dp Dieu din din sy mit cin ddi diu tu kinh phi eho cac trudng dai hpc khac D A Lmh / T^ chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN, Nghien ciru Gido dvc Tgp 30 Sd I (2014) 61-70 - Xay dyng dd thj dai hpc; Phap, Trang Qudc chii trpng den xay dyng cic tmdng dgi hpc, cic vien nghien ciiu, cic trung tam nghien Cliu tao cac dd thi dgi hpc hien dai Trong dd, Han Qudc tap trung vao viec lao cic tmdng dgi hpc chi^&i mdn hda mang ti'nh dia phucmg de ho try phat trien cdng n ^ i e p hda Nga diu tu ldn vao viec hpp nhit cic trudng dgi hpc dia phucmg nham phit trign giao due dgi hoc timg khu vyc, tii trd ihanh dgi hpc xuat sic cho timg d|a pbuong v i khu vyc Nhimg b i i hoc riit cho Vi|t Nam Ngudn nhan luc chat lupng eao tac ddng rit ldn ddi vdi ting tmdng kinh te d i dupc cic nhi kinh te thira nhin [23] Mpt trpng nhflng kgt luin dupc dua ti "Nhflng quoc gia cd GDP diu tu thap, neu tranh thu cac co hpi, ttong tim dii han sg cd Idc dd tang tmdng cao v i thu nhap binh quin diu ngudi ting Ign" Cic nha nghien ciiu deu cd chung nhan dinh: "Giao due dgi hpc gdp phan ding ke cho tang tmdng kinh te va ngudn ngudn nhan tyc cang cd chit lupng cao thi tdc d§ tang tmdng cing dn dinh va tri tim dii han" Ddi vdi Viet Nam, mot qudc gia dang phat trien, y thirc rat rd "nguy co tyt hgu", ddi hoi phai nhanh chdng cdng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda dit nude; ddi hdi phai "di tit, ddn diu" de nhanh chdng phit tiien nin kinh tl Iheo kjp cac nude ttong khu vuc v i Iren thi gidi Phit triln ngudn nhan tyc chit lupng cao la mpt chiln lupc quan trpng hang diu ciia Vigt Nam hien nay, Irong xiy dung dai hpc ding cap the gidi la mdt giii phap mang tam chiln lupc vigc phat trien nguon nhan lyc chit lupng cap d Viet Nam Xay dung dai hpc dang cap thi gidi a Vigt Nam de dao Iao ngudn nhan lyc chit lupng cao; lim tien de phat trien nen kinh te tri thirc Xay dyng dai hpc dang cip thi gidi d Viet Nam la mdt quylt tim chiln luac ciia Chinh phii Viet Nam giai doan cit cinh cua nen kinh tl Viet Nam [24] Trong thdi dai nin kinb tl Iri thirc, cupc chgy dua vl kinh tl - xa hpi gifla cac nude dang hudng vl cupc dua ve giio due dai hpc Nhieu nude mu6n giinh vi tri tdt nhat thang bic giio due dai hpc va sin sing chi tien hang ti USD de cd dupc dgi hpc ding cip the gidi, vi hp rit hilu rit rd Iam quan trpng cua nhihig co may san sinh tri thiic va dao tao lyc lupng Iinh hoa eiia dit nude Vi?t Nam khdng nim ngoai cupc dua niy Nghien ciiu bii hpc xay dyng dai hpc dang cip the gidi ciia cic nude Canada, Phap, Due, Nhit Ban, Han Quoc, Nga, An Dp, Tmng Qudc cho Ihiy cac nude diu cd dy an xay dyng dai hpc ding cip thi gidi da dang, nhung ndi dung chu ylu van li tip tiung dau tu kinh phi de day nhanh nang nghign ciiu khoa hpc cua cac tmdng dgi hpc va cic vign nghign cun, tap trang dao tao ngudn nhan tuc chat lupng cao va thu hiit nhan tai; xay dung cic tmdng dai hpc trpng diem, rdi nang len ttinh dang cap the gidi; tii nang cao tinh canh tranh giio due dgi hpc tren phgm vi toan cau Dang va N^a nude ta da the hien quyet tim cao ttong viec xiy dyng dai hpc ding cip the gidi Trong dilu kign ngudn luc tai chinh hgn hep, Viet Nam phai dya tren nguyen tic tuyen chpn diing v i diu tu ldn, tip trung diu tu vao nhflng dai hpc hang diu, nhiing lmh vyc nghien cuu miii nhpn, cd tigm nang cgnh ttanh thi gidi Tap tmng dau tu xay dyng mpt sd bd mdn, mot sd phdng thi nghigm, mdt sd khoa, m^l sd tmdng dgi hpc dgt chuin Ihl gidi Chii trpng diu tu nang cao chat lupng dio tgo tien sT ciia Viet Nam dat chuan Ihl gidi Cd chinh sach dai ngp diing din de thu hiit cic nhi khoa hpc Viet Nam d nude ngoii, nhflng nhi khoa hpc nude ngoii dgn lam viec tgi cac trudng dai hpc Cd CO chg dinh gia v i ca ehl kiem loan dl dam bao su dung ngudn von diu tu that hieu qua, cdng khai, minh bach D.A Lmh / Tgp chi Khoa hgc BHQGHN Nghien cuu Gido dvc Tap 30 So (2014) 61-70 Mpt vin d l quan ttpng cdn lai la cin xay dyng mdt lp ttinh cu the, cd nhung dy in day tao bao nhu cac dy an cua cac nude v i trien khai phai quylt ligt dg tim be phdng cho giao due dai hpc Viet Nam vuon ten sanh ngang Iam nhung ngn giao dye hang dau tien the gidi Tai lieu tham khao [1] n:t:f •• Sadlak, J - t S ^ - j t : * : ^ : i^'-Z-m JiU • hm^'^i^-^\ii^^t± 2007 : [2] **ftWf:|-^05S0f.4'i^AK^WM?!cW^ >ie(1949—1982)[M1 4bK:»W*4^ttllSr± 1984 510 [3] Anonymous.2lsl Century COE Program [EB/OL], Japan Society for die Promotion of Science Website Cs d.) [04-01-2013], http : //wwwjsps go jp/english/e21coe/indexhtml Anonymous Global Centuiy COE Pro-gram [EB/OL) Japan Society for the Promouon of Science Website (s d-) [06-022013] http : //wvw-jsps,go.jp/english/eglobalcoe/index html [4] It^W-m B *ft?t^ƠôftW3fc^6tltr^Ji [10] Mehrohu S EPS«*lftW : * i S i X M S a B ^ T [EB/OL]:*:^ffi^lfeff9FSS^[^, (19-10-2010) [1103-2013] hup : //gse sjtu.edu cii/jihe/vol2issue3/3 html [11] Anon\mous."World-class UnivCTsit\'or Innovation University' Visakhapamam Fails to Take Off Yet [EB/OL] C2clive Net Website 14-09-2010) [12-04-2013]-hnp : //www c2clive.com/latestnewsdetail php '' id =2665 [12] Choudaha R From Where Sit-World-class Aims Demand Quality [EB/OL] The Times Higher Education Website (14-10-2010) [2013-04-14] http : //wwwumeshighereducation.co uk/slor\' asp'' stor\code=4 13829 [13] Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschafl Exzellenzinitialive [EB/OL], Das Deutsche Forschungsgemeuischaf) Videoportalzur (s d.) (04-04-2013]- http //wT*-H.exzcllenzimti-ative de/ [14] [15] cntiacEotf-*i» W'MI][5] [6] a * ^ f l J , 2003 (5) : 122 r^S.HIsCOEitiSaK^-tafflHtlSS [EB/OL] m^m (21-09-2010) [17-0420l3].http : //news sciencenet cn/blmhiews/2009/9/223567.shmiKorea Research Foundation, BK21NURI Committee A-bout Brain Korea 21 [EB/OL] BK21NURI Committee Website-s d,) [11-042013] http • //bnckrforkr''home/eng/bk21/abouibk2 Ijsp [7] ii^.mm"BK2ii-\-mrwmiJ] KSnV 2008 (lOA) :41- »1:BK21XS[J] nvxnn^m^ [9] 2006 (6) 102 103 Planning Commission Govemment of India Eleventh Five Year Plan 2007-12 (Volume]I Social Sector) [M) New Delhi : O.tford University Press 2008 : 22-27 mn^m^in-^rr-mi^^^^^e^wmm ^lJ].±-^-m^^m(t 2008 C2) 94 im.)X^mi^^— mfCiZ^mW 2010 (3) : 53 [16] ihm^'fH^ ?.i^^Mm±^:t' : ^*+ mw.m-k^{EB/oL] i^sq^, i^imm^m (01-09-2011) [0502-2013] http : llwwK.eeo com ch/201I/0901/210149 sht ml [17] Marshall, J FRANCE First super-campuses chosen [EB/OL] University World News Website (15-06-2008) [02-04-2013] http - //www univereitj'woddnews, com/ailicle php ? stoiy=20080613092922742 : Marshall, J FRANCE : More super-campuses announced [EB/OL] University Worid News Website (20-07-2008) [02-02-2013] http : //www universityworldnews, com/articlc.ph p '> stoiy=2008071716420l410 [18] m^.^mmm^^^i'^ifT^^^'-^^^^^ [EB/OL] 01-031- S^Jl^^R (03-09-2008) (2013- B.A Unh Tgp dii Khoa hocBHQGH.\ Nghien eiiu Gido dvc Tgp 30 Sd I O0I4) 61-70 hnp : //vi-ww.stnn cc/emigralion/2 00809/120080 903-858024.bm)l [19] Munnich A iimrf ^lUi-fziZ^fmim [EB/OL] '4 ^!^ (10-07-2010) [04-022013] http • //news-seieneenet-cn/htmlnews/20lO/7/23 4371.shim (20] Mlt^t Jan Sadlak - i ^ - i t : ^ ^ : 5i(ilS'filirT-3cƠ [M] .m ãã s^ii:^^ai'i6m: 2009-142 [21] Smolentseva A S l i ^ S f ^ - ^ t : * ; ^ • K5^»i mmn [EB/OLJ i^^fi:^-^^m3i.W"i (18-09-2010) [1401-2013] http //gse.sjm edu cn/jihe/vol3issuel/13.html, [22] Anonymous, Canada Excellence Research Chairs Program : Oven'iew [EB/OL] Government of Canada Website (16-122011) [29-03-2013] http,//www cere ge.ca'cpov-pcap-eng shim [23] Solow, P Lucas P Romer nhihig nha kmh IS hoc Hoa K> dirpc nh^n giai thudng Nobel [24] Chiln lucre phat trien giao due - dao tao giai d o ^ 2011-2020 eua Vi?tNam The Experience of Countries in Building World-Class Universities and Lessons for Vietnam Dinli Ai Linh I 'ielnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward Thu Due District Hd Chi Minh Ciiy, Viet Nam Abstract: Researching the experience of countries such as Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, Russia, India and China in building world-class universities shows that these countries have all got the relatively diverse plans on building the world-class universities, but the main content still focuses mainly on funding to boost r^idly the capabilities of scientific researches of universities and the research institiiles, on training high quality human resources and attracting talented people; on building Ihe key universities and then raising Ihem to the world-class universities; and from here, to raise the competitiveness in university education on the global scale Keywords The experience of countries; World-class University, Buildmg World-class Universities ... diu tu ten din 18, 63 ti RMP cho khoang 100 trudng dai hoc va 602 nganh hpc trpng diem Dy an 211 giai doan dupc diu tu cho 107 trudng dai hpc vdi tdng dau tu 18, 7 ti RMP Du in 985 giai doan I tap... nam 19 98, xep hang the gidi tir vi tri thir 18 vao nam 19 98 tang len vi tri thii 12 vao nam 2005 v i vi tri thii 10 vao nim 2012 He thong giao due dai hpc ciia Hin C^idc chuyen he thdng giao due... dinh gii hi?u qua ca chi giam sat kinh phi diu tu Dan den vi§c lo ngai doi vdi sy cdng bing cho cac tmdng dai hpc viec diu tu kinh phi, lim giam hifu qua sii dung cic ngudn kinh phi diu tu - Tap