I NGHIEN CDU Li LUAN NANG LUC VA DNG DUNG KET QUA NGHIEN COU NANG LUC VAQ XAY DUNG CHUDNG TRINH MON HOC, DOI Mfil MO HINH SACH GIAO KHOA, PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC VA DANH GIA KET QUA HOC TAP CUA HOC SINH H[.]
I NGHIEN CDU Li LUAN NANG LUC VA DNG DUNG KET QUA NGHIEN COU NANG LUC VAQ XAY DUNG CHUDNG TRINH MON HOC, DOI Mfil MO HINH SACH GIAO KHOA, PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC VA DANH GIA KET QUA HOC TAP CUA HOC SINH HOANG HOA B I N N Vifin Khoa hoc Giio due net Nam Emali: hoanBlioabinh95@gmall.com Tdm tdt: Ndng luc Id thudc tinh cd nhdn duac hinh thanh, phdt tnen nhd to chdt sdn cd vd qud trinh hgc tdp, rin luyh cho phip ngudl Ihuc hiin thdnh cdng mgtloai hogt dpng nhdt dmh, dgt ket qud mong muon nhdng di^ukiina/ the Hai ddc IrUng cabdn cua ndng lUc Id 1/Dugc bgc Id qua hogt dong; 2/Ddm bdo hoat ddng cd hieu qud, dgt k&qud mong muon Bdi viet tnnh bdy mdt sd vdn de liiuan ve nang luc vd Ung dung ket qud nghiin cuU ndng luc vdo xdy dung chuang trinh mdn hgc bien soon sdch gido khoa doi mdi phuang phdp dgy hgc, danh gid kit qud hgc tdp cda hgc sinh Titkhda: Ndng luc; chuang trinh mdn hoc; sdch gido khoa;phUdng phdp day hgc; ddnh gid ket qud hgc tap (Nhdn bai ngdy 20/7/2016; Nhan ket qud phdn biin I'd chinh sUa ngdy 15/8/2016; Duyit ddng ngdy 25/8/2016) D i t van de N i n g luc (NL) la thuoc tfnh eo d i e trUng ca b i n : 1/ Duoc hoc id qua hoat ddng; 2/ O i m b i o hoat d d n g cd hieu q u i dau v i o (cau true be m i t ) NL dUoc tao t h i n h tU tn thue, ki nang v i thai dd, dau (cau true be 5au), c i c td dd trd NL hieu, NL lam v i NL Ung xU Mdl NL Ung vdi mdt loai hoat ddng, ed the phan chia t h i n h nhieu NL bd phan, bd p h i n nho nhat, g i n vdi hoat ddng cu the l i ki n i n g (hanh vi), C i c NL bd p h i n ed the dong cap vdi nhau, bd sung cho nhau, nhUng eung CO the l i nhdng mUe d d p h i t tnen k h i e C i c h hieu ve NL l i c d s d d e ddi mdi ehuong trlnh mdn hoc, m o hinh SGK, ddl mdl phuong p h i p day hoc (PPDH) (to chUe hoat ddng de HS dUoc hoc Id, the hien, phat trien NL) va d i n h g i i ket qua g i i o duc (hudng tdi dich l i nhdng NL dau ma ehung ta mong mdi) Chuong trinh (CT), sieh g i i o khoa (SGK) thdng dang dUoc ddi moi theo dtnh hudng p h i t tnen NL cua ngudl hoc De CT mdt thue su la m o t CT g i i o duc theo dinh hudng tren, can nghien cUu l i m rd k h i i mem m i u chdt la NL, hinh dung khung NL chung, khung NL m i moi mdn hoc e i n hlnh t h i n h d HS, d d n g thdi can cd nhung nghien cdu Ung dung ket q u i nghien cUu v i o viec xay dung CT mdn hoc, doi mdi md hinh SGK, PPDH va danh g i i ket q u i hoc t i p ciia HS n h i m hinh t h i n h phat trien nhUng NL iy Bai viet n i y se gdp them mdt i kien de giai quyet nhUng van de ndi tren [1] N a n g l U c l a g i ? h Ndng luc duoc quy vao nhihig pham trii nao? Phan lon c i e tai lieu nUde ngoa; quy nang lue (competency) vao pham tru k h i n i n g (ability, capacity possibility} Giil thich nang luc (NL) b i n g khai mem khd 10 • NHU HDC GIAO DUC ndng khdng chinh x i c vi ngudi cd NL linh vuc nio d d c h i c c h i n thuc hien t h i n h cdng loai hoat ddng tuang Ung; khd nang m d i tdn tai d dang tiem ning,c6 f the bien t h i n h hien thuc, cung cd the khdng bien thinh hien thuc Tai lieu hdi t h i o CT GDPT tong t h ^ Q GDPT mdl xep NL vao pham tru hoat ddng I Mpt so t i i lieu k h i c goi NL l i dacOlem, phSmchSt I /loac thuoc i m f t c i n h i n G l i i thich NL la £?ac,?i^m,pMm chdt hoac Ihudc linh d u n g h o n eoi nd l i mot hogt ddnq Nhung ddcdiem la m d t tC/ehung ehung.Thuit ngSt/iu!ic tinh khong ndi len duoc ban chat x i hdi cua NL De th^ hien b i n chat xa hdi ciia NL, can xep nd v i o pham trii pham chdt Tuy viy, Nghi q u y l t 29, t(3 pham chdt da duoc d u n g vdi nghta hep Vi viy, de g i i i thich khii mem phii hop v6i Nghi quyet, nen dmh nghia NL l i m^t loai thudc tinh vdi sU m d rdng nghla eiia tU n i y - bao h i m khdng chl c i c d i e tinh bam sinh ma e i nhUng i3?c tinh duoc hinh t h i n h , p h i t trien n h d q u i trinh hoc tap, ren luyen cCia ngudi 2.2 Ndng ltfc cd nhifng dac triing g)? O i c trung thU nhat cda NL fa nd duoc bde Id dho?t d d n g n h i m dap Ung nhUng yeu c i u eu the Si&u kien cu the D i y l i dac trUng p h i n biet NL vdi fiem ndng Bae trUng thU hai eiia NL la tinh "hieu qui", "thinh edng" h o i c "ehat lupng cao" ciia hoat ddng Die tn/ng n i y g i u p p h i n biet NL vdi m d t k h i i niem d vi tri giifa ni vdi ti4m ndng Ji khd ndng Tdm lai, NL Id thupc tinh cd nhdn duac hlnh thdnh, phdt trien nhd to chdt sdn cd vd qud trinh hoc tdp, rin luyin, cho phip ngudi thUC hiin thdnh cong mdt loai hoal dong nhat dinh, dgt ket qud mong muon nhiing dieu kien cu the Hal ddc trung ca bdn cua NL Id: I) DUt?c NBHIEN CUU U L U i N Q aat ket qua mong mo, t h a n h to) Day la each tie'p can ca'u true NL theo NL muon b p phan: Mp, NL chung hpac NL dac t h f l dflflc phan tich Cau t r t i c ciia n a n g iac iNHByi t h a n h cac NL bp phan Mp, NL bo p h i n la, dflflc phan h^'hLT'"^"''"'"^'"''"'"'''"""''"^"'"'^' t,ch t h a n h cac NL b p phan fl bac tha'p hfln, cu the' hPn cho den k h , xac d i n h dfloc cac hanh vi the hien ben k i n a s e n - " " " * ' ' " " ' ' " ' "'"^" tie-pcSncT? lim he o l ""'"" '° " I " " " tigy ' " ' C t k h S n o d ? 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' ' NL a can cfl khpa hpc de' •• I If- I " " '"""^ binh thanh, phat trie'n NL la td « H i k ' ™ ' b o a t d p n g de HS dflpc bflc 16, the" hien, phat then NL CT moi can chuye'n ddi manh me t f l phflong phan truyen t h u kien thflc cho HS sang phflflng phap to chflc hoat d p n g , giflp HS t h o n g qua nhflng hpat dflng phat tnen NL giap hep va cac NL khac; kham pha the gidi ya nhan thflc_dflpc sd thich, sfl truflng cfla chinh minh; t f l phat trien nhan thflc ve ddl sflng, hoan thien nhan cach, - Ban chat cua phflflng phap t p chflc hoat d d n g la tich cflc hoa hpat dflng cua ngfldi hoc, dfl GVdong yai trd ngufll t chflc hoat d o n g cfla HS, mfll HS deu dfloc hoat dong, dflflc boc lo m i n h va dflpc phat trien Nhflng dau h,eu dac trflng ciia phfldng phap to chflc hoat dpng - GV la ngflfli t o chflc, hfldng d i n hoat dong cua HS, tao m o i trfldng hoc tap than thien 6i k h u y j n khich HStlch Cflc tham gia vao cac hoat dong, khflng iam thay hoac ap dat quan diem cfla minh chp HS - HS dflflc dat vao cac tlnh huong cd van de trflc tiep quan sat, t h i o luan, lam t h l nghiem v i dflflc k h u y j n khich dfla each giai quyet van d i theo quan diJm rieng cua m i n h Ijlilit' - Gifla GV vdl HS va gifla cac HS vdl t h i f t lap pW|y: iSfloc quan hi hop tac nhieu chieu: kh, lam viec khdng p W Ichl cfl cau hdl GV dat chp HS ma cd ca cau hfli HS dat ,=j:k chp GV hpac dat cho HS khac phap day^hpc cung vfli nhflng kho khan ve dieu kidn Cd sfl vat chat (nhfl Iflp hpc dong, chat choi, trang thiet bi thieu, ) da han che ket quS day hoc, han che tlnh sang tan, tinh than dan chu hoat d o n q dav hoc cua GV vaHS, • _ Oe thflc hien CT GDPT mfli theo dinh hflflng phat trien NL, pham chat cua HS, viec lam cho moi GV n j m vflng va thuc hanh PPDH mdi la yeu t d cd y nghia then chot Hieu ban chat cua PPDH mfli t h l GV mdl t f l tin thflc h » n sang tao PPDH mfl,, dam bap chp CT mfli cdng 4.4 l/ng dung vdo viic ddnh gid kit qud hgc tap D o i vdl CT theo dinh hflflng phat trien NL, v i ^ c d a n h gla ket qua hpc tap khflng chi dflng fl mflc dp kiem tra k,en thflc, ki nang ma phai d d ludng dflflc sfl hlnh thanh, phat tnen NL d HS, hflflng tfli dich la nhttng NL d3u NL chl cp the dp Iflflng dfloc qua cac bai t a p cp ti'nh tlnh huong, gSn vfli thflc te Vi du, de danh gla NL giai quyet vSn de cfla HS qua mon Khoa hpc (hoac Sinh hpc, Dia IQ, cp the m p t bai tap ve van d J bao ve m d l trttdng Npi d u n g bai t i p yeu cau HS phat hien van de, thu thap t f l lieu, de xuat g i i i phap, m f l rdng va'n de a4 giai quyet cac trttdng hdp t u o n g t f l Hlnh thflc bai tap la m p t nhiem vu (dfl an) g,ap chp ca nhan hpac nhflm, thflc hien thfll gian khnang m o t tuan Trong trflflng hop HS khdng CP dieu kien thflc hi^n nhiem vu (dpan) ngSn han nhtt tren, co the chuyen nhiem vu (dtt an) d d mflt bai kiem tra tren Idp, chp phep HS dttfle sfl dung ta, lieu (bao giSy hoac bao dien t f l , tra cttu thdng t,n tren mang) Ndidungba, tapcothenhflsau: 1) Gitta thang 3/2015, cac bao don dap dfla t i n , binh luan, phan anh nhieu y kien cua cac chuyen gia va ngufli dan vi de an thay the 6.700 cay xanh cua phn Ha Nfli Em nSm dttdc nhflng thdng tin gl va cfl binh luan gi ve de an dd? cp kha nSng mmi^ ^ HS CO "hflng " " a thfl , " " "hoc " , tap, ,a|j,cuMid ndng chfl cnu tdpng de 2) Em CO de xuat gl vdl lanh dao p h d Ha gmi- x f l a t n p i d u n g hoc tap va kha nang ttt danh g,a Np, ve d e a n np, t r e n ' ioTjIti - Qua hpat d d n g hoc tap tich cflc, HS hlnh 3) Neu t h e m m p t hoac m d t sd sfl v,ec tttdng t f l ,(i!»! * " ' " I " " " thflc, kl nang m p t each vttng ch3c va hpc dia phflpng khac ma em duoc chflng kien hpac dttoc IU,i' ' ' ' " " pbuong phap tie'p can van de, phttong phap ttt biet qua bac c h i i,,ilot bgc: cang cd nhieu HS the hien dflflc ban sac neng 4) Thec em, trttflc nhflng sfl vlec t f l o n g t t t ngttfli ^ nhan thflc, ki nang va nhan each dan can cd t h a i d d f l n g x f l n h f l t h e n a e ? ,,iW ^^ " ''