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Hoi Dia iy Vift Nam Bgi hoc Thai Nguyen KY NANG SONG VA VIEC L 6 N G GHEP GIAO DUC KY NANG SONG TRONG DAY HOC DIA LY Cf TRU''''OfNG P H 6 THONG Nguyin Phuang Lien'''' Abstract Life skills and the integratio[.]
Hoi Dia iy Vift Nam Bgi hoc Thai Nguyen KY NANG SONG VA VIEC L N G GHEP GIAO DUC KY NANG SONG TRONG DAY H O C DIA LY Cf TRU'OfNG P H THONG Nguyin Phuang Lien' Abstract Life skills and the integration of life skills education in teaching high school geography In the 21st century, with the rapid progress of science and technology is one of the social issues are concerned the lifestyle and behavior of people in society have changed negative trend, the changes that have powerful effects, multi-dimensional complex formation and personality development of the young generation Therefore, life skills education for students is an important issue and needs the attention of the whole society Geography subjects in secondary schools with content that is both science has profoundly humane, so are more likely lo integrate life skills education for school children Basic contents of the article to clarify the basic concepts related to life skills and life skills education, content analysis program high school geography and the ability to integrate life skills education in teaching; propose methods lo integrate the life skills education in teaching geography On that basis to draw conclusions I.DATVANDE Trong thi k^ XXI cung vdi sy tiin bp nhanh chdng ciia khoa hpc ky thugt va cdng nghe thi mgt ttong nhihig vin dl dang dupc xa hOi quan tam la ldi sdng vi each ftng xft ciia ngudi ttong x3 hpi dang cd sy thay ddi tiieo nhilu chigu hudng khic nhau, sy thay ddi dd tdc da tdc dOng mgnh me, da chieu vi phftc tap dgn qud trinh hinh thinh v i phat ttien nhan each cua thi hf tre Chinh vi vgy, giio dye kT ning sdng (GD KNS) eho hpc sinh mft cich ed hf thdng vi diing din dl ttang bi cho cic em nhiing kiln thuc cin thiit budc vio cudc sdng la mdt vin dl quan ttgng va cin su quan tim ciia ci xS hfi Tuy nhign, GD KNS cho hpc sinh ein dupc tieh hop, ldng ghep vao nOi dung cfta mdt sd mdn hpc cd ndi dung phii hpp dg khdng lam anh hudng den qua trinh hgc tSp chung cfta hpe sinh Mdn Dja li tiong nhi trudng phd thdng vdi nOi dung vfta mang tinh khoa hpc vira mang tinh nhSn van sau sic, dd cd nhilu kha nang Idng ghep giio dye ky nang sdng cho hpc sinh phd thdng ttpng qud tnnh giang day KHAI QUAT VE KI NANG S6NG 2.L Ljch si^ hinh thanh, phit triln Tft nhihig nim dSu cua thi kJ XX, thugt ngft "ky ning sdng"(KNS) d i xuit hifn ttong mOt sd chuong trinh giip due cfta UNICEF, trudc tien Id chuong trinh "giio dye nhiing gii trj sdng" vdi 12 chuong trinh giio dye eo bin ein giio dye cho thg hf tie Phin ldn cac edng trinh nghien cuu vg KNS d giai dogn niy quan nifm vl KNS theo nghia hgp, ddng nhit nd vdi cdc ky nSng xa hOiThugt ngft kJ ning sdng dupc ngudi Vift Nam bit dSu biit din qua chucmg tiinh cua UNICEF (1966): "Giao dye ky ning sdng de bio vg sftc khoe va phdng chdng HIV/AIDS cho thieu nien tiong va ngoai nhi tnidng" Thdng qua qui trinh thye hifn chuong tiinh niy, npi dung cua khdi nigra ky nang sdng vi nOi dung cua GD KNS ngiy cing dupe md rOng 2.2 Khii nifm vl ki nang sdng Ky nSng sdng (Life skills) li khii niem dupc sfi dyng igng rai nham vio mpi Ifta mdi ttong cdc ITnh vuc hogt dpng khac cua ddi sdng xa hpi Tuy nhien, cho dgn nay, khii nifm vin cdn cd nhilu quan nigra idng, hgp khic nhau: Theo td chftc Y tl thi gidi (WHO) (1993): "Kp nine sdng la nang de cd hanh vi thich irog (adaptive) vi tfch cyc (positive), giup cac ca lihSn cd the ftng xft hieu qui trudc cdc nhu cau va thach thftc cua cupc song hang ngiy" Trong giao dye, KNS cd thi la mOt tap bpp nhiing ning dugc ren luyfn va dip ftng cac nhu cau cy the eua cuOc sdng hifn dgi; vi du cuOe sdng bao gdm quin Iy tai chinh (ed nhan), chuan _' Khoa Big li - Trudng Bgi hgc Su phgm - Bgi hgc Thdi Nguyen Kpyeu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Bia lp todn qudc ldn tha Hoi Bja Iy Vift Nam ^ Bai hoc Thii Ngay^ bj thuc an, ve sinh, each diln dgt, va ky nang td chuc Ddi ky nang sdng khic bigt vdi cac kJ nang nghiep vu (trong nghi nghiep) J Theo QuJ nhi ddng Lign hop qudc (UNICEF): "KJ nSng sdng la cich tiip can ^iiip thaydail hogc hinh thinh hinh vi mdi Cich tiep can niy luu y din sy cSn bing vl tigp thu kien thuc, hinhi thai dO va phdt triln ky nang" Theo Td chftc van hda, khoa hpc va gido dye Lien hpp qudc (UNESCO), KNS gin vdi tni cdt ciia giao due, dd la: - Hpc dl biit (Leaming to know): gdm cic kT nang tu nhu: tu phe phan, tu sang tgo, quyit djnh, giii quyet vin de, nhgn thftc dupc hau qui, ; - Hgc lim ngudi (Leaming to be): gdm cdc kT nang ca nhin nhu: ftng phd voi cSng tiling, kilm soat cam xiic, ty nhgn thftc, tu tin, ; - Hpc dl sdng vdi ngudi khac (leaming to live together): gdm cac kT nSng xa hgi nhu: giao tiip, thuong lupng, ty khing djnh, hpp tdc, Iam vifc theo nhdm, thi hign sy cira thdng; - Hpc dl lam (Leaming to do): gdm kT nang thye hifn cdng vifc va cdc nhifm vy nhu: ki ning dat myc tigu, dam nhgn ttdch nhiem, Nhu vay, KNS bao gdm cac ky nang cy thg can thiet cho cuOc song hing ngiy ciia ngudi Ban chit eiia KNS la kp nang ty quin bin than vi ky nSng xa hOi cin thigt dl cd nhSn ty li;c ttong cuOc sdng, hpc tap va lam vige hieu qui Ndi cdch khde KNS la nang lim chii ban than cua mdi ngudi, nang ftng xft phii hap vdi nhiing ngudi khic v i vdi xa hpi, kha nSngftngph6 tich cyc trude cic tinh hudng eiia cuOc sdng Nhu vay, cd thi hiiu mOt eich don gidn: kJ nang sdng la mOt tap hpp cdc ky nSng ma ngudi cd dupc thdng qua gidng dgy hoac kinh nghifm trve tiip dupc sft dyng dl xft ly nhftng van dl, ciu hdi thudng ggp ttong cuOc sdng hang ngiy Cd thi khing djnh KNS vfia mang tinh ei nhin vi dd li nang efta ei nhan, vfta mang tinh x3 hOi vi nd phy thupc vio cic giai dogn phdt trign Ijch sft xS hOi, chju Snh hudng cua tmyin thing va vdn hda gia dinh, cOng ddng, dan tdc Quan nigra ve KNS cung khac d tfing khu vyc va timg qudc gia mdt sd nude, KNS dupc hudng vio giio dye vf sinh, dinh dudng va phdng bgnh MOt sd nude khde KNS lgi hudi^ vao giio due hanh vi va cdch ung xft, giao dye an toan giao thdng, bio vf mdi tmdng, hay gido dgc Idng yeu hoi binh Theo dd, van dl phit ttiln KNS cho thiiu nign d cic nude cung khic Cd nude chi hgn chg nhiing KNS cSn cho ITnh vyc bio vf sue khoe, phdng tiinh cic tg ii?n xa hpi, nghTa li KNS chi dinh chp mOt sd nhdm ddi tupng cd nguy co cap de duang dau vdi nhiing thach thftc ciia xa hpi, chft khdng phii chp tit cd mpi ngudi mOt sd nude khic till KNS dugc phit trien cho mpi ddi tupng dl vdi nhiing KNS dd eon ngudi cd thi vgn dyng dl giii quyit nhihig van dg khde ciia ddi sdng xa hOi, tiong cac hoan cinh vi flnh hudng khic cia tiing loai ddi tiipng Tuy nhien, xu hudng ehung la sft dung khii nifm KNS cua UNESSCO dl triln khai cdc hogt dOng phit tiien KNS cho eie ddi tupng tiong xS hOi, dge bigt la tiianh thiiu nien Dilti niy dupc li giii bdi tiiep khdi nifm KNS di bap him ttpng nd nang lye tam Ii xi hdi vdi p nghia \i phin cd vai ttd chung ttong vigc hd ttp sue khoe tinh thin vi sftc khog thi chit, giip cd nhSn song hanh phuc vdi nhfing ngudi khac ttong xa hOi Bgn canh dd cdn giftp eon ngudi quin IJ dugc eae tinh hudng lui lo, khdng chi ddi vdi bin thSn mi cdn cd thi giy inh hudng din mpi ngu6i ttdng vigc chip rih|n cachifn phip ngan ngua nii ro Day chinh li hSng ngudi quin \$ mOt cdch tiiich hpp bin than, ngudi khde v i xa hpi ttong cudc sdng hing ngiy 2.3 Phan loai kl nang sdng Do cich tiip can KNS tuang ddi da dgng ngn eung cd nhilu cieh phin Iogi KNS CuOc sdng cfta ngudi dupc chia thinh mat: Thi chit/Sue khpg, tii hif/Thuc hinh, thih cim/Tinh thk Dya tign ba mdt dd cde nha khoa hpc d§ nghign cftu v i dua dupe hf tiidng cic KNS cin thiit cho ngudi va cic KNS dd cd till dupc chia thee nhilu each khic tiiy tiieo tfing quan dilm • ^ Kp yeu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Bia ly todn qudc lan tim Hpi Bja Iy Viet Nam I*ai hpc Thai Nguyen Tren ca sd phin tfch cic KNS kit hpp vdi viec tim bilu dae dilm tam li hgc sinh THPT, cac nha khoa hgc da dua la 10 KNS cin thiit cho hpc sinh THPT: (I) Ky nang tu phuc vu ban than; (2) Ky nang xac lap muc tigu cupc ddi; (3) Ky nang quan Iy thdi gian hieu qua; (4) Ky nang dilu chinh va quin ly cim xuc; (5) Ky nang ty nhgn thftc va dinh gia ban than; (6) Ky nang giao tiep va iing xu; (7) Ky nang hpp tic va chia se; (8) Ky nang the hien ty tin tmdc dam ddng; (9) Ky nSng doi dien va ling phd khd khan ttong cuOc sdng; (10) Ky nang danh gid ngudi khde Tren ca sd phan tich cic yen td cd lign quan, 10 KNS tten cd the chia bdn nhdm: (l)Nhdm kp nang ty nhgn thftc bin thin; (2) Nhdm ky nang giao tiip ftng xft (each giao tilp mdi trudng hpc dudng, vdi bd mg, ngudi Idn tudi); (3) KJ nang hpp tdc va chia se (bai tap ky nang Idm vifc nhdm v i giii quyit xung dot ttong hpc dudng); (4) Nhdm ky nang phan bift hanh vi hpp IJ va chua hop ly (phSn bift hanh vi diing cam va Hgu mgng, hinh vi yeu thuang va Igra dyng tinh due, ) Theo kit qua nghien cuu ve KNS cua nhieu tic gia du phan loai theo hinh thftc nao thi cung c6 mgt sd ky nang vin dupc eoi la kJ ning cdt Idi nhu: ky nang xic dinh gid ttj, ky nang giao tilp, ky nang duong dSu vdi cam xuc, cang thing; ky nang giai quyet mau thuan mOt eich tich cyc; ky nang tu duy; cic ky nang lign quan din mdi trudng sdng Trong dgy hgc Dia Ii d tmdng phd thdng mOt sd KNS chu yeu cSn gido due bao gdm: ky nang ty nhan tiiftc; ky nang giao tigp; ky nang tu duy; ky ning giai quyit vin dl; ky nang lira chii bin than; cic ky nang lien quan den radi tmdng sdng Day Ii nhfing ky nang tieu bilu ma radn Dja Ii cd the giio due cho hpc sinh qua tiinh giang dgy 2.4 Giio due ki uang sdng Khii nigra giio dye cung dupc higu thep nghia rOng hgp khac d eSp xa hdi vi nha tmdng Ci cap dO nhi trudng khai nigra gido due chi cSp giio dye tdng the (day hpc vd giao due theo nghia hep) dupc thyc hien thdng qua cdc hogt dOng giao due Hogt dOng giio dye li hogt dOng cdc ca sd giio dye (tmdne hpc va cdc co sd giio dye khic) td chftc thyc hien theo ke hogch, chuang trinh giio dye, trye tiep dieu hanh va chju tidch nhiem ve chiing Trong cdc hoat dOng giio dye, hogt dOng day hpc Ii nin ting va chu dgo khdng chi ttong cac radn hpc ma d tit ca cic hogt dOng giio dye khie ttong Nha tmdng Hoat dOng gido due dupc td ehftc cd djnh hudng ve mat gii trj nhim tgo nhiing mdi tmdng hogt dOng v i giao tigp cd djnh hudng cua ngudi hpc Khi tham gia cic hpgt dOng giio dye, ngudi hpc tien hanh cic hpgt dpng cua minh theo nhiing nguyen tie chung, nhiing myc tigu ehung, nhung chuin myc gii trj chung, nhd viy, hp dupc giao dye theo nhiing tigu chi chung (tuy boat dOng cua mdi ngudi ludn diln d cap dO ei nhan) Kp nang sdng dupc hmh thinh thdng qua qui trinh xSy dyng nhftng hanh vi lanh raanh v i thay ddi nhftng hinh vi, thdi quen tigu cyc tten ca sd giup ngudi hpc cd ci kign thftc, gia trj, thai dp vi kp ning thich hop Do vgy KNS phai dupc hinh thinh cho hpc sinh thdng qua dudng dae tnmg la hogt dpng giao dye Thee UNICEF giap dye dya tien KNS co hdn Ii sy thay ddi tiang hdnh vi hay mOt sy phat triln hinh vi nhSm tgo sy cSn bing gifia kiln thftc, thii dp, hinh vi Tfi npi bira cua khii nigra KNS v i quan nifm vg hpat dOng gido due da dupc trinh bay d tten, tic gii quan nifm: GD KNS la mft qua trinh vdi nhiing hogt dOng giio dye cy thi nhim td chfte, dilu khiln dl hpc sinh hilt cich chuyin djch kiln thftc (cai hpc sinh bigt) vi thai dO, gid ttj (cii hpc sinh nghT, cam thiy, tin tirdng) flianh hanh dpng thyc tl (lira gi va Idm cich nio) mOt each tich eye vi mang tmh chit xay dyng Giao due KNS cho hpe sinh la giio dye cho cic em cd cdch sdng tich cyc-tiongTcaiiOrhten'aaiVli^Sjrdyhg hogc thay ddi cho cdc em cae hanh vi theo hudng tieh eye phu hpp vdi mye tigu phit tiiin toan difn nhan eich ngudi hpe dya tren ca sd giiip hpc sinh cd dupc nhiing tri thftc, gii trj, thii dp v i kp nang phu hpp GD KNS gdp phin ttifte diy sy phit tiiin ei nhSn va xa hOi Trong x3 hpi bifn nay, vifc nhilu ngudi bj thiiu hyt cic ky nSng sdng can thiit, cim thay khd boa nhap vdi eOng ddng la hign tupng Idii phd biin Dieu niy gSy nhiing hf lyy rit nghiem tipng, niu mOt ngudi ttong x i hdi flliilu KNS thi vin dl chi mang tinh chit ei nhan Nhung niu nhilu ngudi ttong xa hpi thigu KNS Kpyiu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Bia lp loan quoc ldn tha Hpi Bja ly Vift Nam Dgi hpc Thii N g ^ j thi se anh hudng rit ldn din sy phdt ttien xa hOi Khi ngudi duoc giao due diy du cac KNS ci^ thill thi se phat huy duac tdi da nang luc cua ban than, ddng thdi cd dugc cugc sdng tdt hem \ Ben canh dd, bdi cdnh hOi nhap qudc tl v i ngn kinh tl thj tmdng ddi hdi ngudi phai thyc sy nang ddng vd cd nang img phd nhanh nhgn, tich cyc vdi cupc sdng va cdng vifc Con nguoi • ttong mdi tmdng phai biit each ndm bat ca hdi, vupt qua thach thftc, vi ty khang dinh ban than minh NIU khdng cd sy dinh hudng cu flil ttong viec gido dye vi hinh KNS mot cdch diing din va khoa hpc thi cac quy tic, chuin muc sdng se trd ngn lech lac, mit phuong hudng Nin kinh te thi ttudng dem Igi nhieu Ipi ich cho sy phdt ttien kinh tl, la nhiing mat tdt khdng cdtillphu nhan Nhung mat ttai cua nd li Idi sdng fliyc dung, tdn flip ddi sdng vat chit, coi nhg cdc gid trj dao dfte va tinh thin Dilu xdy ngudi khong thi xdc dinh duac cic gia tri canfliiltcho cude sdng cua minh vi cd sy Ifch lac tiong nhgn thftc cufc sdng Nen kmh tg cang phit triln, cang phai coi trpng vigc GD KNS cho ngudi, bdi cd nhu vgy thi xa hpi mdi phit trien bin vihig Yeu ciu ddi mdi giao due phd thdng ciing la mOt Ii quan ttpng khang djnh sy cin ihik cua viec GD KNS cho hgc sinh THPT Thyc tl cho thiy, hpe sinh THPT hign na^ dang sdng mOt xa hOi mdi, ning dpng v i phit trign Cac em cd nhu eiu hpc hdi nhieu hon dl cd thi thich ung dupc va ty bio vg minh tmdc nhiing khd Idian, thft thdeh cfta cuOc sdng Nhiing kiln thuc va ky nang ma nha tmdng trang bj cho hpc sinh cin phii ddi mdi va bd sung nhilu ban cho phu hpp vm xu thi phdt triln cua xa hOi Ddi mdi phuang phip day hpc theo hudng lay hpc sinh lim tmng tdm, nhim phat huy ti'nh nang dOng, sdng tgo, chft dOng, tieh cyc cua ngudi hgc la sy ddi radi dimg dSn va hgp Ii, hudng vio rauc dich gido due KNS cho hpe sinh Tuy nhien, neu chi cho hoc sinh hoat dOng thdi thi chua du, mi phdi hudng dSn vi chi cho hpc sinh thay dupc y nghTa cua cic hogt dgng dd, cdch dp dung vao cudc sdng nhu the nao Dd chinh la nhifra vy GD KNS cua giio vien tmdng phd thdng D I G D KNS raOt cdch cd he thdng vio ttong tmdng hpc nham giio due toan dign nhin cdch, pham cbSt cho ngudi hoc thi ttong qui trinh giao dye KNS eho hpc sinh giio vign can phdi chii y thuc hien dung cic nguyen tac ca bdn theo cac budc sau: + Tuong tie: hinh thdnh qua vige nghe giing vi ty dpe tai lifu cfta hpe sinh + Trii nghifm: Ngudi hpc can dupc dgt vio cdc tinh hudng dg ttii nghifm va thyc hdnh cac ky ning da dupe giio dye + Tien trinh: Tft nhan thftc den hinh thii dO va cudi cung li thay ddi hinh vi ciia hpc sinh la ca mpt qua trinh dii Vi vgy, giio vien va hpc sinh cin phii kign tri va khdng ngiing hgc h6i dg dgt dupc ket qui tdt nhat + Thay ddi hinh vi: Muc dieh cao nhit efta GD KNS li giup ngudi hpc thay ddi hinh vi theo hudngtichcyc + Thdi gian - mdi tmdng giao due: GD KNS cin thyc hifn d mpi nai, mpi Iftc vi thyc hifn cing sdm cang tdt ddi vditieem K H A NANG LONG GHEP KI N A N G S N G TRONG DAY HOC DIA LI Chuang tiiiih mdn Dja li d tmdng phd thdng dupc xay dung then kiiu ddng tim vdi ba khoi kiln tiiftc chinh gSn vdi Dja li dgi cuong (ty nhien va kinh t l - xa hOi), Dia H thi gidi (khu vyc va cic nude tieu bieu) va Dja li Viet Nam (ty nhign v i kinh t l - xa hOi) O bgcjieu hgc^mOtjd >^eu^td dupc Dja Ii dupc bd tri tiong cae chu dl cd nOi dung gin gui vdi cudc s'diig I ^ g h g a y ciia hpe sinh ttong mdn Ty nhign - xa hpi efta cie Idp 2, 3;raOts6 kiln tiiuc ban diu vl Dja li tii nhign dgi eucmg, v l Dja Ii thi gidi va Dja li Vift Nam dupc xip tiong mdn Lich sft va Dja li cua ldp 4, Idp nhim giup cic em gSn bd vdi cufc sdng d dja phuong ban O eip Trung hpc, cac ndi dung E>ja Ii duoc phit ttiln v i hoin chinh nhSt Npi dung Dja 11 ty nhign dgi cuang (tii nhign vd kinh t l - xa hdi) dupc dua vio cic Idp diu eip (ldp v i Idp 10) nhira giup hpc sinh ed duge raOt hf thdng kiln thftc mang tinh phd thdng vl Bin dd; Trii d i t Kyyeu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Bia lp todn qudc ldn thu HQi Dia ly Viet Nam B?i hoc Thai Nguyen moi tmdng sdng cua ngudi, vl dan cu tren Trai dat lam ca sd cho viec hpc Dia li thg gidi va Dja Ii Viet Nam Ndi dung Dja li thi gidi (ldp 7, Idp vi Idp 11) nhira giup cho hpc sinh ndm dupc nhfing djc diera ndi bat vg thien nhien, dSn cu, kinh te - xa hdi ciia cic chau luc, vg nen kinh te thg gidi duang dai, mdt sd vin dl mang ti'nh toin cau vi Dia Ii mgt sd khu vyc, qudc gia dgi difn cho cac ttinh dO phit ttien kinh tl - xa hOi khic ttgn the gidi gdp phin chuin bj hanh ttang cho hpc sinh budc vao cuOc song tiong thdi dai bung no thdng tin va rad rdng giao luu, hop tac gifta nude ta vdi cic nude khu vyc va tten thg gidi Phin nOi dung Dja li Viet Nam dupc sip xip d ldp cudi cap (Idp va ldp 12) nhSm giup cho hpc sinh nam dupc nhihig dgc diem ndi bat vg thien nhien, din cu, kinh tl va cie van dk dat ddi vdi dat nude, cic viing, dja phuang nai hpc sinh dang sdng; chuan bj cho hpc sinh cd thi van dung cdc hiiu biit efta minh vio thyc tiin sin xuit Tft nhftng phan tich vl KNS, GD KNS va npi dung chupng trinh mdn Dia li phd thdng, cd thg thSy: mdn Dja Ii cd nhieu uu the dg thue hifn GD KNS Tmdc hgt, mdn Dja li IS mft mdn khoa hpc xa hdi, bao gdm nhieu nOi ham lien quan den cac KNS ciia ngudi + NOi dung Dja li ty nhien giiip cho ngudi hpc cd nhiing kiln thftc ea bin vl gidi ty nhien xung quanh va nhfing quy luSt v ^ ddng eua chftng dl hilt each tdn tai vd phdt triln hii hoi theo quy lugt Dilu hoan toan cd nang van dung dk GD KNS, dgc bift li cic ky nang lign quan den mdi ttudng sdng: ky ning sft dyng hifu qui tii nguyen thign nhien; cham soc, bio vf mdi tmdng sdn^; phdng tranh thien tai; nhiing hinh vi gay hai din mdi tmdng; phuc hdi thign tai dua vdo cfng dong + NOi dung Dja li kiiih tl - xa hOi cung cSp cho ngudi hpc nhiing hiiu bigt co bin ve bfte ttanh kinh tg - x i hOi cfta the gidi ciing nhu eua dat nude, giup ngudi hpc cd khd nang phdn tich va Iy gidi nguyen nhSn cua mpt sy kifn kinh te - vSn hoi nio dd, tfi dd cd nhiing hinh dOng tich eye dl tham gia vio cie hogt dOng kinh tg - xa hOi phyc vu nhu cau cfta ban thin, gia dinh vd xa hdi NOi dung mang tinh thyc tiin cao, ttong qui ttinh giing dgy eho phep gido vien cd thi dp dyng da dgng cde phuang phap giio dye tich cue dg phit huy nang tu duy, sing tgo cua hpc sinh Thdng qua vifc sft dyng cac phuang phap dgy hpc tieh cyc m i hinh chp hgc sinh nhftng KNS ehu yeu nhu: ky nSng ty nhan thftc; ky nang giap tiep; ky nSng tu duy; ky ning giii quyet van de; k5^ ning lira chii bin than; cac k5^ nSng lien quan den moi tmdng sdng Bgn cgnh dd, ngi dung chuang tiinh Dja Ii mang tinh chit nhSn vSn sSu sie, cd nhilu uu thi de GD KNS cho hpc sinh Dja Ii khdng chi cung cip cho hpc sinh nhiing kiln thftc co bin ve ty nhign, din cu, x3 hOi mi edn gdp phan bdi duong nhiing tinh cim cao dgp cho hpc sinh nhu: tinh ygu que huang, dit nude, flnh yen thign nhign, biit quy trpng eSc thinh qua eua Iao dOng, biet quy ttpng vi ygu thuang cpn ngudi, cd tinh thin qudc tl tipng sang, mdn Dja li eiing li minh chftng r6 net ed kha ning khai day vd phit triln ning nghign cftu, tu cho hpe sinh, hinh thinh cho hpe smh nhfing nhSn thftc vi hinh ddng cy thi tipng ddi sdng hing Vi vay niu phat huy dupc nhiing ning to ldn ciia mdn Dja Ii ttong viee GD KNS cho hpc sinh thi hifu qui dem Igi Ii rit tiiilt tiiye Khi nang GD KNS ciia mdn Dja Ii khdng nhiing thi hifn d ndi dung mdn hpc mi edn the hifn frpIraoiig"pMpTlgyiipc die tiimg "efta nidn hpc Qui tiinh day hpc Dja Ii Ii qui trinh td chuc eho hpe sinh thyc hifn cic boat dOng hpc tap phpng phft, da dgng Thdng qua cic hegt dOng do, su tuong tic giua gido vien - hpc sinh (HS), HS - HS dupe ting eudng vi HS cd thi ty phit hien va chilm liiih tri thftc mdi Cic phuong phdp v i kT thugt dgy hpc mdn Dja Ii rat da dgng, bap gdm nhigu phucmg phip va Id thu|t day hpc tich cyc v i chinh thdng qua vifc sfi dung cic phuang phap vi kl thuit day hpc tieh cyc dd, HS dupc tgo co hOi dl thyc hanh, ttai nghifm nhilu KNS cin thiit, phu hpp vdi Ifta tudi Kpyeu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly todn qudc lan thu H6i Bia ly Vift Nam Bgi hoc Thii Nguyen Mac dii nang GD KNS qua day hpc Dia li la rat Idn nhung kit qui dat dupe lgi phy thuOc rSt nhigu vio ttinh dp cung nhu phuang phap ciia ngudi day Vi vgy can cd nhimg nghign cftu cu the, siu sac ve viec thyc hien GD KNS cho hpc sinh Vi dy nhu vio radi trudng rad hgc sinh dang sdng, can uu tieu giio due cho hpc sinh nhiing ky nang sdng nao, ky ning nao cin phat trign vd mfte dO phdt trien hoin toin phy thudc vio phan tieh ciia ngudi dgy vl tinh binh hoc sinh dg cd cdc bifn phip giao dye thich hop KET LUAN KNS cd vai tto rit quan trgng ddi vdi mdi ngudi KNS khdng chi Id mft ehi sd fliyc tl cfta nhan cdch, la mat bieu hign cua hanh vi nhan cich ngudi ma cdn Ii yiu td khing djnh chit lupng gido dye theo tieu chuin mdi vl sy ttudng thinh vd phit tiiin nhan each ngudi dudi sir tdc ddng ciia mdi tmdng sdng va boat ddng gido due GD KNS cho hpc sinh la mdt nhigm vu rit quan tipng vi cip tiiilt, day khdng chi Id nhigm vu cua giio vien gidng dgy cic bO mdn cd tich hpp ndi GD KNS mi li nhiem vu chung cfta toan nganh giao dye Vi vgy tiiy GD KNS Id vin dl khdng mdi, nhung ein cd nhiing cdch tilp c§n mdi phii hpp vdi xu thi phit triln cua thdi dgi v i npi dung chuong trinh giio due T A I LIEU THAM K H A O Lg Minh Chau (2003), UNICEF Vift Nam vi giio dye ky nang sdng cho thiiu nim, Bdo cao tgi HOi thio ''Chdt lugng gido due vd ky ndng sdng" tft 23 - 25/10/2003, Hi NOi Nguyin Thanh Binh (2006), Gido dge ky ndng sdng, chuyen dl cao hpc, DHSP Ha NOi Nguyin Thanh Binh (2007), Gido due ky ndng sdng, gido trinh ddnh eho sinh vien Cao ddng suphgm, NXB Dgi hpc Su phgm Ha Npi Nguygn Thanh Binh, Nguyin Kim Dung, Luu Thu tiiuy, Vu Thj Son (2003), Nhiing nghien cuu vd thifc hiin chuang trinh gido due ky ndng sdng a Vipt Nam, Vign Chiin lupc va Chuang trinh giio due Hi NOi Nguygn Dupe - Nguyen Trpng Phuc (2004; Li lugn dgy hgc Dia li Nxb Dgi hgc Su pham BO Giio due va Dio tao (2007), Dja li 10, Nxb Giio due Bp Giap due vi Dio tgo (2007), Dja li 11, Nxb Gido dye Bd Giio due vi Dio tgo (2007), Dja Ii 12, Nxb Giao due BO Giao due va Dao tgo (2010), Gido dge ky ndng sdng mdn Dia li a trudng THPT, tdi lifu ddnh cho giio vien, Nxb Gido dye 10 Vu Cao Dim (1999), Phuang phdp lugn nghien cm khoa hoc Nxb Khoa hpc kT thuat Ha Ndi 11 Trin Bd Hoanh (1997), "Thiit ki bdi hgc theo phuang phdp tich cue", Giio vien vi nhi tiudng, sd 15 ^ 12 Hoing Due Huy (2008), Bdn dd tu - Ddi mdi phuang phdp dgy hgc, Nxb Dai hpc Quoc gia Hd Chf Minh, phd Hd Chi Minh 13 Phan Thanh Van (2010), Gido di^c ky ndng sdng cho hgc sinh trung hoc phd thdng qua hoat dgng gido duangodi gid len lap,- Luan an tiin sT giio due hpe, Dai hpc Thdi nguygn Kp yeu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Bia ly todn qudc lan thi ... ve sinh, each diln dgt, va ky nang td chuc Ddi ky nang sdng khic bigt vdi cac kJ nang nghiep vu (trong nghi nghiep) J Theo QuJ nhi ddng Lign hop qudc (UNICEF): "KJ nSng sdng la cich tiip can ^iiip... giai quyet mau thuan mOt eich tich cyc; ky nang tu duy; cic ky nang lign quan din mdi trudng sdng Trong dgy hgc Dia Ii d tmdng phd thdng mOt sd KNS chu yeu cSn gido due bao gdm: ky nang ty nhan... thyc hien theo ke hogch, chuang trinh giio dye, trye tiep dieu hanh va chju tidch nhiem ve chiing Trong cdc hoat dOng giio dye, hogt dOng day hpc Ii nin ting va chu dgo khdng chi ttong cac radn