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SBSL ••mmatm Da>f^Ifi>c LY LUAN DAY VA HOC KT nang song va muc tieu giao due ngay nay LE HAI YEN Trung tam Nghifin cdu va Phat trien TU hoc I KHAI NIEM VE KY N A N G SONG Ky nang song la Khai niem mdi[.]
••mmatm SBSL- _Da>f^Ifi>c LY LUAN DAY VA HOC KT nang song va muc tieu giao due LE HAI YEN Trung tam Nghifin cdu va Phat trien TU hoc I KHAI NIEM VE KY N A N G SONG Ky nang song la Khai niem mdi xual hien Irong nhQng nam g i n day, nen nhieu khai niem chUa dUdc dinh hinh ro ret - Theo WHO (to chdc Y le the giPi): + KNS ia cac kha nang de cd hanh vi thich dng (adaptive) va lich cpc positive) + KNS giup cae ea nhan cd the dng xd hteu qua trudc cac nhu cau va thach thdc cua cuoc sdng hang - Theo UNICEF (to chde Nhi ddng The gtdi): + KNS la each tiep can giup thay dd'i hanh vi mdi Cach tiep can luu y den sp can bang ve tiep thu kie'n thdc, hinh Ihai va phal trien kT nang , + Cach tiep can nhan manh viec luyen tap thudng xuyen, lap di lap Igi de cung co - Theo UNESCO (to chdc G i l o due, Khoa hpc va Van hoa cua Lien hifip quoc ): + KNS la nang Ipc ca nhan de thUc hien day du cac chdc nang va Iham gia v i o cuoc sdng hang + KNS bao gdm mol loat eac kT nang eu the, can thiet cho cupe song hang cua ngUpi Nhuvay, ban chal cua ky nang sdng la kT nangtu quan ban than va kT nang xa hpi can thiet de ca nhan lpc Irong cupc sdng, hpc Igp dng XL/ va lam viec hieu qua Not each khae, Ky nang sdng la kha nang lam ehu ban than cua mpi ngudi, kha nang dng xd phu hdp vdi nhQng ngUdi khlc va vdi xa hoi, kha nang Png phd tich cUc trudc cac tinh hudng cua cuoc song * Chu y: Mpt Ky nang sdng cd the cd nhOng ten gpi khac nhau, vi dy: - KN hpp tac gpi la KN lam viec nhdm - KN kiem soat cam xuc goi la kT nang xP li cam xuc, ky nang lam chu cam xuc, KN quan li cam xuc KN lam chu cam xuc, ky nang quan ly cam xuc - Ky nang thUOng Iuong gpi la ky nang dam phan, kT nang thUOng thuye't - Cac KNS thudng khong tach rPi ma co mdi Mfin quan chgt che vdi KNS khdng phai nhien cd dupc ma phai dupc hinh qua trinh hpc tap, ITnh hpi va ren luyen cudc sdng Qua trinh hinh KNS diln ca va ngoai nha trudng KNS vPa mang linh ca nhan vda mang tinh xa hot, KNS mang linh ca nhan vi la kha nang dac thu cua mPi ca nhan KNS mang tinh xa hpi vi no phu thuoc vao cac giai doan phat trien Ijch sif xa hoi, ehiu anh hddng ciia truyen thdng va van hoa ciia gia dinh, cong dong dan lpc KNS la mot td rat quan Irong muc tifiu giao due ciia nha trUdng hien dai Ky ning sdng cd lien quan rat mat thiii vdi Tri tue xuc cam -EO va li mdt cac tieu chi va to quan cua Chi so tong hffp (ve chit tffffng giao due va ngudn nhan Iffc) ma cac to chde qudc te dung de danh gia chat Iddng giao due " Phan loai Ky nang sdng: - Nhdm cic KN nhin bie'l vi song vdi chinh minh' IU nhan thPc, xac dinh gia tri Png phd vdi cang Ihang, tim kiem su hd trp, tu trong, IU lin , - Nhdm cae ky nang nhan bie't va sdng vdi ngddi khac: gtao tie'p cd hieu qua, giat quyet mau Ihuan, thUdng lUdng, Id choi, b i y td sp cam Ihong, hdp lac - Nhdm cac KN quyet dinh mdi each cd hieu qui: tim kie'm va xd li thong lin, IU phe phan tuduy sang lao, quyet dmh, giai quylt van de ' Tam quan trpng cda giao dpc Ky nang sdng cho hoc sinh - KNS gdp phan thuc day su phat trien ca nhan, xa hpi - Giao dye KNS la yeu cau cap thiet ddi vdi Ihe hfi tre dac bifit bdi canh hpi nhap qudc te va nen kinh te Ihj Irudng - Giao dpc ky nang sdng IhUc hien yeu cau doi mdi giao dye thong - Gilo due KNS cho h oc smh Irong cac IrUdng pt\6 thdng la xu the chung cua nhieu nudc phat trien tren the gidi - Nhieu nha khoa hpc the gidi cho rang- De Ihanh dal cudc s i n g thi cac ky nang mem (ky nang lu duy, ky nang song) c h i l m tdi 75%, k9 nang cdng {kien thdc) chl DiyinWc so 9-2012 chilm 25% - De chuin bi dao tgo nguon nhan Ipc co chit luong cao - cho mfit xa hfii cong nghifip va phat triln (dao tao Dgi hoc hay gilo due nghS nghifip ) muon c6 chat luong thl phai duoc chuan bi cac ky nSng song mdi Id bac thdng dung cic kynang cda thi k^ 21 bao gdm cac tuduy nang dgng va sing tgo kha nang lien kit vi giii quyel van de, de xuat cic y tudng dge dao, cic ki ning giao tiep, tam vigc mot trudng da quic gla, cac ky ning sdng thuc tiin vi tien tiin, sddgng thao vitinh, ngoai ngff Cicky nang ve giai quyit van de hoic cic ky ning cg the ve vl tinh, truyen thong, eong nghg, giao tiip, se quan trgng II KHAI NIEM KY NANG MEM VA KY NANG CUfNG khong kem gi cic ky nang co bin li dgc, viet, lam toan Cac khai mem mdi xual hien nhu'ng nam gan De mmh chdng cho cac nhan dmh tren, chung ta thP day tim hieu Ch! so nguon nhan luc cua mdt sd nudc cong Ky nang "mem" (soft skills) la thuat ngQ dung de chl nghiep hien {nhung noi sfi la tuong lai gan cua chung cac ky nang quan trgng cuoc sdng ngUPi nhu Ky ta, nhQng noi nhieu ngddi dang gPi em minh de'n du nSng sdng, giao liep, lanh dao, lam viee theo nhom, ky hpc) xem ch! sd nguon nhan luc tai sao'' nang quan h thdi gian, thu gian, vupt qua khung hoang, * Chi so nguon nhan lUc (Indicators of human resang lao va ddi mdi la nhCfng thd thudng khong dddc sources) Cac nU6c phdt trien xac dinh ngudn nhan lpc hpc Irong nha IrUPng khong hen quan den kien Ihdc chuyen can cac kT nang gi'' mon, nhieu phu Ihudc chu yeu vao ca linh moi ngUdi, Do chmh la cac lieu chi tuyen chpn nhan su cua cac nhUng eo the ren luyen va phat tnen dddc neu dddc chu y nha san xua't kmh doanh va cung chinh la myc lieu giao noi dung chUPng trinh va qua tnnh giao due Cac Ky due ma cac nha trudngcan theo dudi nang "mem' quyel dmh minh la ai, lam viec the nao Qng Bp Lao dpng My (The U S Department of Labor) cung xp sao, la Ihudc hieu qua cong viec Hiep Hpi dao lao va phat tnen My xac dinh co 13 kT nang KJ nang "cdng" (hard skills} d nghTa trai ngUOc thudng cd ban can thiet de cong cong viec- bao gdm xuat hien tren ban ly lich Kha nang hoc van, trinh Ky nang hoc va lu hoc (learning to learn), Ky nang lang chuyen mon Ban thudng nghT ring ngudi ta se ral an nghe (Listening skills) Ky nang thuyel trinh (Oral commulupng vdi hang loat cac bing cap chdng ch! vdi vt tri va nication skills), Ky nang giai quyet van de (Problem solvdilm so cao NhUng chi nhung dieu dd Ihoi co the khong ing skills), KTnang tUduy sang tao (Creative thinking skills), dil de giup bgn thang tien cong viec Bdi ben canh KT nang quan li ban Ihan va tu tmfSell esteem) kT nfing bgn can co ca cac ky nang ' mem' Vi Ihuc te cho dat myc tieu va tao dpng lyc lam vice (Goal setting/ motithay nguPi dgt chf co 15% la nhCJng kien IhUc vation skills), KT nang phat tnln ca nhan va sy nghiep chuyen mon, 85% lai dupc quye't dinh bPi nhiKng ky (Personal and career development skills), Ki nang giao nang mem hp duoc trang bi Chia khoa dan de'n Ihanh liep ung xP va tao lap quan he (Interpersonal skills) KJ cong thyc sp la bgn phai biel k i t hpp ca hai ky nang nang lam yiec ddng doi (Teamwork), KT nang dam phan III N H O N G 001 HOI CUA NGUON NHAN Ll/C TRONG (Negoliation skills) KT nang td chdc cong viec hieu qua (Organizational effectiveness), KT nfing lanh dao ban than THE Kl XXI (Leadership skills) ' Ngan hang The gipi goi the ki XXI la k( nguyen cua kinh te dya vao kTnang- Skills Based Economy (http// Chinh phu Anh cung co cd quan chuyen trach ve www librarything com) phat tnen kT nang cho ngddi lao dong Co quan chPng Ning Iffc cua ngUdi dUffc danh gla tren ci ba khianhan chuong trinh va lieu chuan (Quatiticalion and Curcgnh: Kien thUc Ky ning vi Thai dg Nhieu nhi khoa hoc riculum Authority) cDng dua danh sach cac ky nang quan the giai eho rang De dal cudc sdng thi cac ki Irong bao gdm Ky nang tmh loan (Application of numning mem ehiem ldi 75% ky nang cdng (kien thdc) chi ber), Ky nang gtao tiep (Communication), Ky nang id chuc chiem 25% (htlp //www sottskillsinstitution eom/faq htm) va nang cao nang luc ca nhan (Improving own learning Cau hPi dat la 'Ky nang nao la can Ihiel cho moi and perlormancel, Ky nang sis dung cong nghe thong tin ngUdi de cong Irong cong viec va cuoc song'" va truyen Ihong (Information and communication techMucin xae dmh dUdc muc lifiu giao dye thi dieu quan nology), Ky nang giai quye't van de (Problem solving), Ky trpng nhat la can hinh dung dupe nhOfng doi hoi cua thUc nang lam viec vPi ngddi (Working with others) ticn doi vdi ngu'di - (nguon nhan IUc) giai Hpi ddng quoc gla giao due Uc (the Australian Nadoan tdi (vi dy 10-20 nam sau) sfi nhu t h l nao"? tional Training Aulhonty - ANTA) Xuat ban cudn sach KT Vl dy Din nam 2020-2030, nuPc ta se la nudc cong nang hanh nghe cho tuong lai -2002 Cudn sach cho thiy nghifip phat tnen, vay luc ay ngu6n nhlin lpc cua nude ta k! nang ma nguPi sd dung lao ddng yeu cau bit bufic