Tap chi Khoa hgc va Phat ti i§n 2010 Tap 8 sd 1 178 185 TRUQNG DAI HOC NONG NGHIEP HA NQl KET QUA 0 0 TIEM NANG SANG TAO CUA SINH VIEN TRlTONG DAI HOC NONG NGHIEP HA NOI QUA TRAC NGHIEM NGON NGUT CUA[.]
Tap chi Khoa hgc va Phat ti-i§n 2010: Tap sd 1: 178 - 185 TRUQNG DAI HOC NONG NGHIEP HA NQl KET QUA 0 TIEM NANG SANG TAO CUA SINH VIEN TRlTONG DAI HOC NONG NGHIEP HA NOI QUA TRAC NGHIEM NGON NGUT CUA K.J SCHOPPE Results that the Creative Potential by Students of Hanoi University of Agriculture Through the Language of the Test Schoppe KJ Dang Thi Van Khoa Suphgm vd Ngogi ngir, Tru&ng Dgi hpc Nong nghiep Hd Npi Dia chi email tae gia lien lac: vanspkt@gmail.com TOMTAT Xac ajnh chi so sang tao (Creative Quotient - CQ) cua sinh vien r i t co y nghTa ddi v6'i giang vien viec lya chgn ngi dung, phu'O'ng phap phu hg'p qua gop phan nang cao chat lu'O'ng dao tao noi Chung, hinh cho sinh vien - chuyen gia tu'cng lai - nhiVng pham c h i t va nang lyc t h i l t y i u , co nang lyc sang tao 460 sinh vien Trtfang Oai hgc Nong nghiep Ha Ngi du'O'c chi so CQ qua trac nghiem sang tao cua KJ Shoppe Ket qua t h y c cho thay, phan lo'n sinh vien c6 chi so CQ ie mij'c trung binh va cr mire tren trung binh c h i l m ty le % khong dang k l Chi s6 CQ ir mxrc du'o'i trung binh chiem ty le dang ke (hen 1/5 sinh vien) Chung toi thiet nghT can cai tien va ap dung cac p h u c n g phap day hgc tich eye mgt each phii h y p se gop p h l n phat huy t i l m nang sang tao cua sinh vien lir khoa: Chi s6 sang tao, phu'ang phap day hgc tich eye, sang tao, t i l m nang sang tao SUMMARY Defining Creative Quotient- CQ of students are necessary to choose suitable content, appropriate teaching method, which contributes to improve training quality and f o r m i n g necessary capacity including creative quotient for students Four hundred sixty students of Hanoi University of Agriculture were measured CQ by KJ Shoope's creative test The results showed that majority of students has medium CQ and students whose CQ above medium has accounted for low ratio The rate of students with under-medium CQ has occupied considerably (over one fifth) Thereforce improving and adopting the active leaning method will contribute for developing creative potential of students Keywords: Active teaching methods, creativity, creative quotient, creative potential L-DAT V A N D E Hoat ddng eua ngfldi ludn hfldng tdi chat lfldng ldi, hieu qua cao Treng lhdi ky ddi mdi cua xa hdi, van de dfla nhflng y tfldng mdi, nhflng giii phap, bien phap, each thfle eung nhfl cac quy trinh cdng nghe 178 mdi, lien lien nham muc dich rut ngan lhdi gian, tie't kiem sfle lao ddng, ehi phi dang la xu the manh me lrdng mgi heal dgng cua ddi sd'ng xa hdi, cd cae hoat dong nghe nghiep lien quan de'n ITnh vUc nong nghiep Ket qua tigm nang sang tao cua sinh vien Truong Dai hoc Nong nghiep Ha Noi De dap flng yeu ciu cang cao cua xa hgi cflng nhu yeu ciu cua nghe nghiep giai doan hien nay, sinh vien ndi chung, sinh vien Irfldng Dai hgc Ndng nghiep Ha Ndi (DHNN HN) ndi rieng phai cd du pham chil dao dflc, nang lflc, ky nang song va dac biet la linh sang lao lrong hgc lap, lrong nghien cflu khoa hge, treng hoat dgng ren nghe cung nhfl edng lae cua hg sau td't nghiep dai hgc Song Ihflc te sinh vien Irfldng DHNN HN cd tiem nang sang tao (ehi sd^ sang lao - Creative Quotient -CQ) d mfle nao se dflgc de cap de'n treng bai vie't Sinh vien hgc tap mgt each chfl ddng, sang tao khdng chi nham muc dich nang cao ke't qua hgc tap ma cdn hinh lhanh d hg nhflng p h i m chat cua ngfldi ehuyen gia tfldng lai Chinh sinh vien la ddi ngu can bg ke tue, vdi nang life nghe nghiep eua hg, dac biet la sfle sang tao se gdp p h i n khdng nhd cho sfl phat trien nganh nghe xa hgi ndi chung, tflng chuyen mdn ndi rieng Mgt treng sd' bd trac nghiem de liem nang sang lao dflde sfl dung nhieu lren the gidi cung nhfl d Viet Nam la bd trac nghiem VKT (Verbaler Krealive Test) eua K.J.Schoppe (ngfldi Dflc), dugc Viet hoa bdi Nguyin Huy Tu Day la bg lest liem nang sang lao cua khaeh the la nhflng ngfldi Ifl 15 ludi lrd len (dflge eoi la da cd nang lflc ngdn ngfl phat lrien day du) VKT la mdt lrong bg test sang lao dfldc cae ehuyen gia hang dau Ireng linh vUc khuyen dung d Cgng hda Lien bang Dflc hien Viet Nam, co nhieu de tai nghien eflu khoa hge, luan van thac sT, luan an lien si tfl nam 1999 de'n da sfl dung trae nghiem de danh gia hien trang tri sang tao eua cae nghiem the TrUdng Bieh Ha (1999) sfl dung bg trie nghiem lrong luan an lien si vdi ngi dung nghien cflu chinh la y tfldng sang tao eua sinh vien Khoa dien vien Trfldng Dai hgc San khau Dien anh Viet Nam De lai khea hgc rnp trfldng eua Nguyen Kim Quy (2002) liem nang sang lao eua smh vien cac ldp chat lUdng cao Khoa Ngfl van TrUdng Dai hge Su pham Ha Ngi Nguydn Huy Tu (2006) ihflc hien de tai cap bg ma so B2005-75-123 nham danh gia hien lrang mfle linh sang lao eua sinh vien sfl pham Thfle chat test VKT la mgt bg test liem nang sang lao noi chung, chfl khdng phai chi dung de de iri sang tao treng heat dgng ngon ngfl lest phu hgp eho viec dae tiem nang sang tao cua cac nghiem the lrong ludi noi lren Ke't qua tiem nang sang lao cua sinh vien rat ed y nghia cdng lae giang day, giup eho giing vien lfla chgn phUdng phap hinh Ihflc td ehfle, hfldng dan sinh vien hgc lap mgt each phu hdp nham khdi day va phat huy hdn nfla tiem nang sang lao eua cac em PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CLTU Phfldng phap chu ye'u dfldc sfl dung treng nghien cflu la phfldng phap trac nghiem 460 sinh vien bae gem: Khoa Nong hgc (155 sinh vien), Khoa Thu y (156 sinh vien), Khoa Tai nguyen - Mdi Irfldng (149 sinh vien) Can cfl vae kel qua Ihflc de (diem thd) eua eac nghiem the sau dd so vdi b i n g gia Iri chung ve CQ eiia trac nghiem, tfl dd phan loai mfle sang lao eho tflng sinh vien va so sanh gifla cae khoa, gidi, ndi sinh,,,, cua khach the treng dien nghien cflu, 2.1 Gidd t h i e u ve t r a c n g h i e m Trie nghiem VKT gdm 09 lieu test (item) vdi vat lieu la ngdn ngfl Qua trac nghiem eo the danh gia dfldc liem nang sang lad cua nghiem the thcng qua viec sfl dung ngdn ngfl cua hg 09 item bao gdm: Vi Ifl (VT) diu Ifl (DT), cau bd'n tfl (CBT) tim dai ten (TDT), tinh chat gid'ng (GN), tinh lfldng tfl (TT), each sfl dung khdng quen lhugc (SDL), tinh hud'ng khdng lfldng (KT) va lim ten nhao dua (TDN), 179 Dang Thj Van Tdng lhdi gian lam lest la 36 phul (phan bd Iflng tieu lesi nhu sau: VT: phut, DT: phul, CBT: phflt, TDT: phut, GN; phflt, TT: phflt, SDL: {»hut, KT; phut va TDN: phul), ,' •.- • ; Ve mat ky thuat, test VKT ehinh la mdt he thd'ng eau hdi hay bai tap ed kha nang kich lhich sang tao ciia nghiem the, d mdi lieu test khong dflde dfla dfldi dang nghiem the chgn ldi giai theo kieu dflng sai, hay chgn mdt lrong eae dap an da c6 nhfl eae test tri lue truyen thd'ng, ma ddi hdi nghiem the dfla cang nhieu y lfldng giai phap cang ddc dao, hiem la, gay ngac nhien eho ngfldi khae cang Id'l Nhfl vay, lest VKT co dac diem eua mgt lest sang tao nhfl; - Cae menh de eua test VKT ed hieu qua gay ngac nhien eho nghiem the, nhflng ngfldi hfldng dan lam test khdng de eho nghiem the nhan trflde ve dieu ngac nhien ay - Thdi gian ciia test tfldng dd'i ngan, cho giay phut lde sang cua tri tue kich thich eua sfl ngac nhien du de nghiem the de xuat dugc nhieu giai phap mdi, hiem la, ddc dao va ghi lai nhanh chong, dflng vao thfl Ifl phin quy dinh bai lam 2.2 Cach thvfc hien va danh gia ket qua trac nghiem + Trac nghiem dflge tien hanh theo dung hfldng dan chung cua lest, + Cach xfl ly kel q u i lam test: Tinh diem lhd (mdi dap an dai yeu eiu dflgc diem) eho tflng tieu test va tdng gdp eac test theo quy dinh VT + DT = I, CBT + TDN = II, GN + TT = III, SDL = IV, KT = V, TDN = VI va tra bang gia tri ehung (GTC) eua lest, cgng long gia tri cae item da edng gdp chia se lim chi sd' sang tao CQ cua nghiem the, qua dd tra bang quy dinh ve mfle sang tao de danh gia xem hg dat d mfle sang lao nao eae mfle dfldi day: Mfle eao: 180 126-130 Mfle kha: 111-125 Mfle trung binh: 91-110 Mfle thap: 76-90 Mfle kem: 70-75 Sd' lieu cua bai t r i e nghiem dflde xu ly bang chfldng trinh p h i n mem thd'ng ke SPSS mdi trfldng Window, phien b i n 13,0 KET QUA DO TIEM NANG SANG TAO CUA SINH VIEN THEO TRAC NGHIEM VKT CUA SCHOPPE 3.1 Ke't qua t i e m n a n g sang tao ciia sinh v i e n Trifdng Dai hpc Nong nghiep Ha Noi Sau xfl ly ke't qua lien hanh bai trac nghiem, cd the rut ket luan bude diu ve tiem nang sang tao eua sinh vien Trudng Dai hge Ndng nghiep Ha Ndi P h i n ldn sinh vien cd diem CQ d mfle trung binh chie'm ty le 71,7% Hdn 1/5 sd sinh vien ed diem CQ d mfle dfldi lrung binh vdi ly le la 23,9% Sd' sinh vien cd diem CQ d mfle tren trung binh ehie'm ty le nhd la 4,1% Khdng cd sinh vien nao ed diem so' CQ d mfle cao va ly le rat nhd co diem CQ d mfle ihap la 0,2% (Hinh 1) Ke't qua treng nghien cflu kha lfldng ddng Sd vdi mat bang tiem nang sang lao cua ngfldi Viel Nam (Bang 1) Qua thd'ng ke ehe thay, diem CQ trung binh (theo diem ehuan) eua 460 mau dieu Ira dat so' diem la 96 (nam gidi han 91110) tfldng flng vdi diem CQ dat d mfle lrung binh Ke't qua thfle ve diem CQ so vdi Ifl danh gia eua sinh vien eung phan anh sfl tfldng ddng P h i n ldn sinh vien tu danh gia hg ed ehi sd' sang tao d mfle lrung binh (58,1%), 32,3% sinh vien tfl danh gia d mfle kha (tren trung binh) Ket qua tiSm nang sang tao cua sinh vien T r u d n g Dai hoc Nong nghiep Ha Noi 0.20% 23.90% DCao (126-130) DTrenTB (111-125) DTrung binh (91-110) D DUdi TB (76-90) • T h a p (70-75) 71.70% Hinh Phan loai diem CQ (diem chuan) bieu thi mdfc tiem nang sang tao ciia sinh vien TrUdng Dai hoc Nong nghiep Ha Noi Bang Mu'c tiem n a n g sang tao cua sinh vien Trifdng Dai hoc Ndng nghiep Ha Noi va ciia ngUdi Viet Nam noi chung Nghiem the SVDHNN HN Tre miu giao, l-iS TH,THCS, THPT va SV Tho'i trung binh d i n kha So % mau co CQ o mi>c (3o cao 2008 Dang Thi Van 460 24,1% 75,8%, 0% 1998-2005 Cac tac gia 4971 27,07% 72.35% 0,58yo Kel qua lU danh gia d mfle cao hdn ke't qua thUc bang trac nghiem (chi dat 23,9"n), Dac biel co 8,5'!-n tfl danh gia d mfle thap lhi thfle de ehi ed 0,2%) dat d mfle khong mong muon va 1,1% danh gia eae ve chi sd sang lao cua bin than, nhu'ng thUe lai khdng xual hien d mdi sinh vien nad Ddn cfl, sinh vien cd ma sd' 368 tfl danh gia minh co chi Sd sang tao d mfle cao, ket qua thuc chi dat d mfle lrung binh nhung diem sn nghieng ve mfle kha diem CQ lrung binh dat 107,7 trcng dn CQ d mfle kha eo diem so' tfl 111 • 125, Co lhe sinh vien co tiem nang sang tao (diem lhi dai hge dat 23,5 diem, diem lrung binh hge lap d dai hge xep hgc life gidi) nhUng viec liep can nhflng bai tap sang lao khdng IhUdng xuyen, kinh nghiem de lam lot cac bai lap dang chUa nhieu nen anh hfldng il nhieu de'n ke't qua lam Irac nghiem (?) Nen sinh vien danh gia hg cd sang tao d mfle cao la hoan loan eo cd sd Sinh vien ce ma 290 tu danh gia sang tad cua ban than chi d mfle ihap ke't qua thfle dc dat d mfle dudi lrung binh (diem CQ lrung binh 88,8) ke't qua lhi dai hgc dat 15.5 va hoc Itlc d dai hdc dat d mfle kha 181 Dang Thj Van TrUdng hdp cd diem CQ d mfle Ihap qua kel qui thuc rdi vao sinh vien co ma so 207 cfla ldp Moi irfldng A khda 52, sinh vien tfl danh gia sang tao d mfle kha, ed diem thi dai hgc 19,5; kel q u i hgc lflc d dai hgc xep leai lren lrung binh Nhfl vay can cfl vao Irfldng hdp che t h i y tiem nang sang tad thap ehfla h i n kel qua hgc tap chi dat d mfle thap Phii chang liem nang dflge phat huy phu lhugc vao cd hgi, dieu kien hgc lap cd phu hgp hay khdng? Kel qua hge tap edn chi pho'i bdi nhieu yeu Id tam ly khae ngoai sang tao cfla ca nhan 3.2 Nganh hoc, nam dao tao, gidi tinh, nOi sdng va miic t i e m nang sang tao ciia sinh vien 3.2.1 Ngdnh hpc (khoa) vd mUc dp tiem ndng sdng tao cua sinh vien Sd lieu bang cho thay, co sfl khac biel rat cd y nghia thong ke ve mfle liem nang sang lao gifla smh vien khoa (P 1,4 66,4 31,5 0,7 Nam thip 6,0 74,4 19,6 Nam thir 4,8 74,0 21.2 Nam thir 1,4 66,4 31,5 0,7 Nam thir 6,0 74,4 19,6 Nam thir 1,4 66,4 31,5 0,7 Nam thir 4,8 74,0 21,2 Nam thir 6,0 74,4 19,6 • Nam thir 4,6 74,0 21,2 Die'm CQ (die'm ehuin) trung binh cfla ba Khoa Ndng hgc, Thfl y va Tai nguyen Mdi Irfldng lin Ifldt lii 98 - 93 va 96, Nhfl vay Khoa Ndng hgc cd diem CQ trung binh cao nhat va Khoa Thu y cd diem CQ trung binh thap n h i l Song diem CQ lrung binh cfla sinh vien ea ba Khoa mdi chi dflng lai d mfle trung binh thee bang phan loai gia tri CQ theo diem chuan, 3.2.2 Ndm hpc vd tiem ndng sdng tqo ciia sinh vien Sinh vien khoa dflgc Iham gia Irac nghiem vao lhdi diem lien hanh nghien cflu tfldng flng vdi eae nam hge nhfl sau: khda 50 (nam thfl 3), khda 51 (nam thfl 2) va khda 52 (nam ihfl 1) Ket qua phan loai diem CQ bieu lhi mfle liem nang sang lao cua sinh vien Iflng khda (Bing 3) Co sfl khae biel co y nghia thd'ng ke (P 0,05) ve mfle liem nang sang tao gifla nam va nfl sinh vien loan mau cung nhu so sanh gldi linh cua tflng khoa (Bang 4), Ty le chenh lech ve diem sd^ CQ d tflng mfle chenh lech kheng dang ke, p h i n ldn ca nam va nfl deu mdi chi dat d mfle trung binh, sd' nam nfl dai d mfle lren lrung binh khcng dang ke Nhu vay budc dau cd the nhan xel rang nam nfl sinh vien Trfldng Dai hgc Nong nghiep Ha Ndi cd tiem nang sang tao ngang Dieu kien ndi sinh sdng, mdi trfldng hge tap, kinh le gia dinh, lrinh hge vin cua cha me cflng ed anh hfldng it nhieu de'n sfl phat lrien lam ly cfla eon em minh 184 tqo ciia Kel qua cho thay, co sfl khae biet cd y nghia ve mat thd'ng ke dd'i vdi kel qui CQ gifla sinh vien xua't than ifl nong thon va sinh vien sinh va ldn len d thi (Bang 5) Tuy nhien, ehenh leeh ve ndi Sd'ng cua khach the nghien eflu ( 28,4% song d lhanh thi va 71,6% sd^ng d cac vflng ndng thdn) trflde vao Trfldng Dai hge Ndng nghiep Ha Ngi nen sfl khac biet chfla the hien ro rang qua tho'ng ke ly le % mfle liem nang sang lao qua diem e h u i n CQ Ket qua ti§m nang sang tao ciJa sinh vien Trud'ng Dai hpc Nong nghiep Ha Npi K E T LUAN Tiem nang sang lao cua sinh vien TrUdng Dai hgc Nong nghiep Ha Ngi dfldc bang Irac nghiem sang tao cua K.J Schoppe cho thay, p h i n ldn sinh vien lrong dien dieu tra dai chi sd CQ d mfle trung binh, mfle lren trung binh chie'm ly le % khdng dang ke So' sinh vien co chi sd' CQ d mfle dfldi trung binh chie'm hdn 1/5 Mac du khdng ed sinh vien cd chl so' CQ d mfle cae song cflng chi co mdt ty le rat nhd xep d mfle thap Dieu cho phep nhan dinh sinh -vien trudng DHNN Ha Ngi cd tiem nang sang tad sdng d mfle dg chfla cao Co sfl khac biel ve chi so' CQ gifla cac nganh, cac nam va ndi song cua nghiem the Tuy nhien, d gidi linh khong eo sU khac biel ve chi so' CQ Cac ye'u Id' chi pho'i liem nang sang lao eua sinh vien, kel q u i liem nang sang tao eo tUdng quan gi vdi kel qua hgc lap, se dfldc de cap d bai viet khac De khdi day va phat huy tiem nang sang tao cfla sinh vien hge lap khong the khdng de cap de'n vai trd eua giang vien Cac phudng phap day hgc tich cUc dUdc sfl dung phu hgp vdi dac diem lam ly cua ngUdi hcc, ndi dung bai day se kich lhich sinh vien hgc lap mgt each sang tao Hdn nfla xac dinh ddng cd hgc tap va muc lieu phan dau nhu ciu Ifl khang dinh eua ban than sinh vien se la ye'u Id'ehu quan ed ban chi phd'i khdng nhd de'n sang lao eua hg lrong cugc song noi chung, hge tap noi rieng TAI LIEU THAM KHAO T r i n Kieu va es (2005) Bao cao long hdp ket qui nghien cflu de lai: Nghien cflu phat lrien tri lue (chi so' IQ, EQ CQ) cua hgc sinh, sinh vien va lao dgng tre dap flng yeu eiu edng nghiep hoa, hien dai hda, ma so KX-05-06 (chfldng trinh khoa hgc edng nghe cap nha nfldc), tr.75-77 Nguyen Huy Tu (2006) Hien trang mfle sang lao cua sinh vien sfl pham Bao cao long kel de lai cap bd, ma sd B2005-75123, Trfldng Dai hgc Sfl pham Ha Ngi tr 16 185 ... 13,0 KET QUA DO TIEM NANG SANG TAO CUA SINH VIEN THEO TRAC NGHIEM VKT CUA SCHOPPE 3.1 Ke''t qua t i e m n a n g sang tao ciia sinh v i e n Trifdng Dai hpc Nong nghiep Ha Noi Sau xfl ly ke''t qua. .. sanh gifla khoa vdi khoa khae thi sfl khac biet khong tfldng ddng Cu the la: CO sfl khac biel rat co y nghia thd''ng ke ve mfle liem nang sang lao gifla sinh vien khoa Nong hgc va khoa Thfl y,... nen sfl khac biet chfla the hien ro rang qua tho''ng ke ly le % mfle liem nang sang lao qua diem e h u i n CQ Ket qua ti§m nang sang tao ciJa sinh vien Trud''ng Dai hpc Nong nghiep Ha Npi K E T