Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng tới quyết định khởi nghiệp của nữ sinh viên trường hợp sinh viên trường đại học công nghiệp hà nội

TAP CHi CQNG THI/tfNG CAC YEU TO ANH Hl/CfNG TCfl QUYET DINH KHdl NGHIEP CUA Nlf SINH VIEN: TRlTOiNG H0P SINH VIEN TRl/C(NG DAI HOC CONG NGHIEP HA NOI • NGUYIN MANH CL/CING - HA THANH CONG TAT: Nghien ciJu xem xet cdc ye'u to' co the anh hifdng den viee mot niJ sinh vidn quy^t dinh kh6i nghiep Nhom tic gia da tie'n hanh phong van sau mot nhom 20 cifu sinh vien va 10 smh vi§n K6't qua nghidn clJu cho th^y, cac ye'u td'quyet dinh mot nO" sinh vien cd trd doanh nhan hay khdng vddl xa eae tidu ehu^n Itfa chpn cdng vide thdng thi/6ng, bao gom nhilu khia canh tijf viec kidm tien, ttf cdng viec dd'n mong muon phat trien ca nhSn va phiic ldi Ding chu y, ye'u to quan nha't khien nff sinh vien quye't dinh khdi nghidp chinh Ik ddm tin tifdng v^o ban thSn viec nhSn thiJe dung dan va sin sang lam chu cd hpi kinh doanh Tit khoa: Khdi nghidp, nff gidi, nff sinh vidn, nff doanh nhan T6M Dgt v3'ndl Tren phu'dng dien quan ly ngudn nhan life, sff gia tang cua nff doanh nhan la rat quan trpng dd'i vdi nIn kinh td' Alvarado va Lynham (2005) Rat nhi^u nln kmh te' va to chffe da phai ganh chiu nhieu ton that nhffng ngffdi phu nff tai gioi va tai nang rdi bo cdng vide cua hp (Hevt'lett va Luce, 2005) Bdi vay, mot nhffng chi so' trung thffc phan anh cdng kinh te'cua dat nffde la khuyd'n khich phu nff tham gia khdi nghidp cac nff sinh vidn la mpt nguon Iffc quan Dieu khdng chi ddng gdp 112 So 14-Thang 6/2020 vao tang trffdng kinh td'va tao vide lam, ma la dffdng cho sff the hien vai tro va giii phdng tiem nang cua phu nff (Eddleston vS Powell, 2008) Tai clc nffdc phat trien, phu nff sd hffu vi quan ly tdi 1/3 tdng so'doanh nghiep va vSnc6xu hffdnggia tang Tai Viet Nam ty Id thap mac dij binh ddng gidi da di/de thffa nhan rdng rai, phu nff hay nam gidi blnh da ng vide lim va tham gia phdt trien kinh te' Du mong murfn khdi nghiep ciia bp phan nff giai Vidt Nam til cao vdi ehl sd'khdi nghiep la 15.5'^ imngkhiciSi QUAN TR!-QUANLY nam gidi la 11,6% (VCCI, 2015) Tuy vay, so doanh nghiep Viet Nam thffc sff phu nff dieu hanh hoac sd hffu thS'p v^ chffa tffdng xffng vdi sd' Co the ndi, nff doanh nhan la nguon Iffc chffa dffdc khai thae hidu qua va dong gdp han che' so vdi tiem nang de thuc day nen kinh td' tang trffdng Nghidn cffu sff dung phffdng phap nghien cffu dinh tinh thdng qua vide phdng van sinh vien va cffu sinh vidn nff de kham pha tac dpng cua cac yd'u to' tdi vide quye't dmh sang lap va quan ly doanh nghidp Trong cac cffu sinh vien nff, mdt nhom la chu sd hffu, dieu hanh va mpt nhdm lao dpng thong thffdng dai dien eho hai cffc quan diem v^ khdi nghidp, dieu giup nghidn cffu so sanh tae ddng eua eae yd'u to' dffdc ro net Tdng quan nghidn cifu Theo Verheul (2006), nhffng ngffdi phu nff sang tao, chu ddng hoac ap dung mdt hoat ddng kinh doanh la nhffng nff doanh nhan Nff doanh nhSn xuS't hidn xa hdi chu yd'u vi hai ly do, hoac hoan canh thay ddi hoac de'n tff chinh tham vpng va sff Iffa chpn chu ddng Mdt so' phu nff tham gia vao iinh vffc kinh doanh chi ddn thuan la cac hoan canh tinh cd Nhffng, mdt so'lai co cac muc dich thffc hidn sff nghidp kinh doanh ro rang va khdi nghidp kinh doanh trd la Iffa chon chu ddng va nha't eua hp Co kha nhieu nghien cffu da thao lu3n vi cac yd'u to' cu the quye't dinh kha nang thffc hidn sif nghiep kinh doanh eua nff gidi Mot sd'nghidn cffu tid'p can ly thuye't da nhan manh t^m quan trpng cua xa hdi hda doanh nhan gan liln vdi ly thuyet hpc tap xa hpi (Bandura, 1977) nhff mpt each lam rd hanh vi kinh doanh va t5ng trffdng kinh doanh Hpc tiip xa hpi cd kha nang xay hanh vi cua ngffdi khac dffdc quan sit va nhffng ngffdi khac thffdng dffdc gpi la md hinh vai trd Ly thuyd't hpc tap xa hdi de lam sang to cac Iffa chpn nghe nghidp kinh doanh da dffdc phit hidn c l c nha nghien cffu khac Hisrich and Brush (1989) cung md ta each cha me cd the thffc hien tic ddng tich cffc dd'n cac doanh nhan nff Theo quan diem ve lien ke't mang tinh than kinh doanh dffdc nhung mpt mang Iffdi phffc tap cila cac md'i quan he xa hpi Aldrich va Zimmer (1986) da gdi y cac mang Iffdi nhff vay, tinh than kinh doanh dffdc hd trp hoac ngan chan bdi cac ke't nd'i giffa cac doanh nhan, vd'n va cd hoi khao khat Quan diem cho tha'y hidu sua'tcuacac doanh nhanbi anh hffdng bdi sff hien didn hoac vlng mat cua cac mang, ehlng han nhff vien cac to chffe, dieu rat quan trpng cho sff phat trien cua mot doanh nghiep Tuy nhien, mpt so'phan chia va rang bupc nha't dinh cd the han che' quyen truy cap eua phu nff vao mang, dieu co the gay nhffng can trd dang ke cho sff xua't hien cua cac doanh nhan nff (Aldrich, 1989) Mdt so' nghien cffu khac da cho thay, cac yd'u td' mdi trffdng anh hffdng de'n tinh than kinh doanh ciia phu nff Cd mot sd'ye'u to'quye't dinh ehu ye'u, nhff cau true khac bidt ve cd hoi, dia diem, hoat dpng nganh va cac bie'n so'chinh tri - xa hdi (tffc la, tid'p can hd trd cua chinh phu) hoat ddng cila eae doanh nhan Theo Lerner et al (1997), cac ye'u to'nidi trffdng tich cffc cai thien hidu suat cua clc doanh nhan nff Ngoai ra, gidi tinh, cung vdi nhan khau hpc xa hdi, anh hffdng dd'n vide tie'p can eae hinh thffc vdn khac va von, anh hu'dng de'n cdng cua doanh nhan Khung ly thuye't cua Bourdieu tap trung vao anh hffdng eua qui trinh xa hdi hda va vd'n van hda vide phat trien nguydn vpng cua ca nhan (1993) Vd'n xa hoi de cap de'n cac mang xa hdi, clc tieu chuan ve sff cd di cd lai, hd trd lan va sff tin cay ciia hp (Putnam va Feldstein, 2003) Cae khia canh ciia vd'n xa hdi dffdc xac dinh bdi Narayan va Cassidy (2001) ve dac diem nhdm, chuan mffc chung, sff gin ke't, xa hpi hang ngay, ke't nd'i khu phd', tinh nguyen va niem tin Nhff vay, cac nghien cffu thffe nghiem nham phan tich cac ye'u to' hoat dong khdi nghiep ciia nff gidi thffdng xuydn nhan manh cae ye'u to' sau: Gilo due; Gia dinh; Xa hpi; Clc yd'u td'ca nhan; Mdi trffdng va cac chinh sach hd trd Cac nghidn effu cho tha'y viec mong mud'n va quye't dinh khdi nghiep trd nff doanh nhan gdm ca cac ye'u to' mdi trffdng ben va ben So 14 - Thang 6/2020 113 TAP CHi CUNG THirUNG ngoai Tuy vly, cac nghien effu nay, vide quye't dinh du'dc xem xet la Iffa chpn ciia ea nhan bd'i canh cac thd' chd'kinh te'thi trffdng phit trien sdm va day du Nhffng ke't luan trdn cd the khdng dii tin cay di^u kien the ehd'kinh td' thi trffdng phit trien chffa day dii, mdi trffdng kinh doanh bie'n ddng eCing vdi sff thid'u thd'n ve thdng tin Hon the' nffa, tdi co rat it nghidn cffu di sau vao qui trinh quyd't dinh khdi nghidp ciia nff sinh vidn Khi thid'u nhffng dieu kien the ehd thi trffdng, van hda co nhffng die thu, vide quye't dinh khdi nghidp ciia nff sinh vidn co thd' chiu sff chi phd'i khac bidt bdi cac yd'u to Cd thd' cd nhieu yd'u to' khd thay ddi nhff van hda, tap quan, nhffng Cling cd nhieu ye'u td' cd the cai thien nhff thdng tin, giao due, Viec hieu ro cau tra Idi cd y nghia quan trpng, cho phep xlc dinh rd clc hanh ddng hdp ly dd cai thidn thffe trang khdi nghidp ciia nff sinh vien ndi neng va nff gidi ndi chung tai Viet Nam PhuTdng phap nghidn cifu 3.1 Thiet ke nghien ciiu Dffa tren tdng quan nghien cffu, nhdm tae gia cd du luan eff de dffa gia thuye't clc nhdm yd'u td'dffdc eho la anh hffdng tdi vide nff sinh vidn se tid'n hanh khdi nghidp va trd doanh nhan Phffdng phap nghien cffu dinh tinh (eu the la phdng van sSu) la clch tiep can phu hpp nha't cho nhffng dff an nghien cffu kham phi nhff loai nghien cffu PhffOng phap nghien cffu dinh tinh dffdc su" dung de tie'n hanh thu thap cac mmh chffng, luan cff de lam rd va kiem dinh clc gia thuyd't, ddng thdi kham phi, giai thieh y nghia hien thffc tai mdt nff sinh vidn quye't dmh khdi nghiep cdn ngffdi khac thi khdng Vdi muc tieu dat nhff tren, nghien cffu chu trpng de'n cac trai nghiem el nhan ciia do'i tifdng khao sat nham kham pha y nghia nhan thffc, quan diem, niem tm eua dd'i tffdng Phffdng phap thu thap dff lieu chu ye'u la tie'n hanh phdng van '^au ke't hdp quan sat (Hanh vi ldi ndi) \a tim hidu Ijch sff dd'i tffdng Nhdm tic gia mudn thu thap cac thdng tin phong phii ve quy trinh quyet dinh va hieu rd hdn cac ye'u to na> 114 So 14 - Thang 6/2020 di/dc sff dung bdi ai, theo each nao va d mffc dp nao Phffdng phap phdng van sau cho phep theo sat dffdc ludng suy nghi eua ngffdi dffdc phdng van, giup dffa nhffng cau hoi phii hdp de lam sang td eae Iffa chon ciia hp 3.2 Mau phong van Nghien cffu Iffa chpn mdt nhdm effu sinh vien nff dang la chii sd hffu doanh nghidp va rapt nhdm 12 cffu sinh vidn nff dang la lao dpng nff tic nghiep dai didn eho clc hffdng quye't dinh ciiaca nhSn Ciing vdi dd la 10 sinh vien nff dang hpc nam cud'i tai Trffdng Dai hoc Cdng nghiep Ha Ndi Tae gia va dpi ngu cpngsff trffc tid'p tie'p xiic vdi dd'i tifdng, gidi thidu tdm tat vdi ho ban chat cua nghidn effu nay, vl xin phep dffdc phong v2'n Sau dffdc sff ddng y cac cudc phdng va'n dffdc thffc hidn khoang thdi gian tff thing 10 nlm 2019 de'n thing 01 nam 2020 Vdi nhdm chu s6 hffu, giam ddc doanh nghiep, mlu bao gdm ngffdi lam viec tai Ha Npi, ngffdi d Hai Phdng vS ngffdi tai H^i Dffdng Mlu phdng va'n lao dpng tic nghiep bao gdm 10 ngffdi 11m vide tai cac doanh nghidp d clc quan, huyen khdc tai Ha Ndi 3.3 Thu thap da li$u Cac cudc phdng van difdc thffc hien dffdi hinh thffc phdng van bin ca'u true Phan thff nha't cHa ndi dung phdng van la cae cau hdi lidn quan den thong tin chung ve ngffdi dffdc phdng vS'n, bao gdm ci lich sff nghe nghiep Phan thff hai tap trung vao cae yd'u to' dan tdi quye't dinh ngh^ nghiep hien tai Phan thff ba tap trung clc quyd't dinh nghe nghiep tffdng lai Qua qui trinh phong van, nhffng y tffdng vi phat hien mdi tff clc cudc phong van trffdc se dffdc dffa vao clc cupc phdng van tie'p sau vi cud'i cung tit ca cac y tffdng va phit hien mdi dffdc sff dung cho viec phan tich dff lieu Hoat dpng phdng van dffng lai khong khii niem hay y tffdng mdi phat sinh them Do dd, kel qua phdng van se phan anh day dii hanh vi khdi nghidp Cac phdng van dffdc ghi am va ch6p gan dung nguyen vln vong 24 tie'ng ke til cudc phdng van, vdi thdi Iffdng tff 60 dd'n 90 phut trung binh khoang 70 phut QUAN TRj-QUANLY 3.4 Phdn tich dU li$u Trffdc het, dd'i vdi mdi phdng vS'n, tac gia ghi nhan can than cac nhan dinh m l mdt nff sinh vidn/cffu sinh vien khlng dinh se ed vai tro nha't dinh tdi vide khdi nghidp, sau chung dffdc phan theo c l c nhdm theo ndi ham dffa vao clc ke't qua eua c l c nghidn cffu sin cd va kd't qua phdng van Mdt so'cdng tac vien cd kinh nghidm ciing tac gia sff dung ke't qua phan loai de kiem tra lai tffng cupc phdng van Mdi cupc phdng van deu danh da'u sff hidn dien cua mdi yd'u td', sau dd, so sanh cae kd't qua kid'm tra, nhffng diem chffa thd'ng nha't se dffdc thao luan va dieu chinh lai Ke't qua nghien cu'u Quye't dinh khdi nghiep la quye't dinh mang tinh kham phi, dinh gil va khai thac hang hoa, dich vu tffdng lai Hen quan de'n viec nghien effu ele cd hdi va trien khai thffe td' Vdi mdt nff sinh vidn, nghidn cffu da rdt mdt so'nhdm ye'u td'chinh ye'u nhif sau: TrUdc tien la vffdt qua dinh kie'n gidi: Mac du van de binh dang gidi Viet Nam trd mdt hien thffc rat rd rang, hau hd't nff sinh vidn/cffu sinh vidn vln cho bidt hp bi thiet thdi clc giao dich, tid'p can cae dd'i tac kinh doanh, nha't la clc giao dich cd quy md Nhffng dinh kie'n nhff vay tie ddng tieu cffc tdi kha nang khdi nghiep ciia cac nff sinh vidn/cffu sinh vidn Hdn nffa, hp cung cam nhan ky vpng ciia xa hpi va cac chuan mffc phi ehinh thffe tffdng tff nhff eoi nhffng viec "Idn" phai danh cho nam gidi dang han chd hp hidn thffc hda sff nghiep doanh nhan Thd hai la nang Iffe ciia ban th§n va kha nang nhan thffc cd hdi kinh doanh: Sff tich liiy nang life hpe tap va ca qua trinh lam viec sau td't nghidp la van de quan trpng lidn quan tich cffc vdi viec tff lam chii va hinh doanh nghidp, dd chinh la kha nang ciia nff sinh vien vide to chffe va thffc hien clc hanh ddng can thidt dd dat dffdc nhffng th^nh tffu nha't dinh Ngoai ra, nd cung lidn quan trffc tie'p de'n niem tin, ctingcd'sff quyd't tam se dat dffdc edng eua ban than hp Khi mpt sinh vien nff du tin tffdng vao nlng Iffc ciia ban than, kha nang trd doanh nhan trd nen ro rang hdn Tuy nhien, mdt bd phan Idn ngffdi difdc phdng van dang quan niem clc doanh nghiep dffpe dan dlt bdi nam gidi cd hidu qua kinh doanh eao hdn Dieu cd ve dang anh hffdng tieu cffc tdi sff hinh clc nff doanh nhan Vidt Nam vd nhan thffc cd hpi kinh doanh, mot nhffng van de hien khid'n nff sinh vidn khdng dam dffa quye't dinh khdi nghiep la hp khdng ro tai sao, nao va lam the' nao cac cd hpi kinh doanh ton tai Noi clch khac hp thid'u hieu bid't mpt clch day du ve ngudn gd'c, clch thffc va quy trinh ma hp cd the khlm pha, dinh gia va khai thac CO hpi kmh doanh Dieu khie'n nhieu nff sinh vidn chap nhan lam thue thay vi khdi sff hoac cha'p nhan tff doanh nhd le kieu hd gia dinh Dieu cung lien quan trffc lie'p tdi viec hp cd dffdc tie'p can vdi mdi trffdng giao due ed y nghTa, giiip ho dii nang Iffc nhan tiem nang kinh te' va cd hpi cho ridng minh Nhffng sinh vidn hpc tap dffdc dieu tff clc chu'dng trinh gilo due chinh thffc hoac tff sff nghidp kinh doanh truyen thd'ng ciia gia dinh giiip ho tap hpp du'dc kie'n thffc, ky nang va ddng Iffc eao hdn de trd doanh nhan Thd ba la ddng ed va muc tieu ca nhan: Ddng cd va muc tidu cl nhan, die bidt la mong mud'n tff ehii eung la mdt nhffng ye'u to' anh hffdng de'n nff sinh vien trd doanh nhan Ddng ed ciia doanh nhan nff se khdng kie'm tien mdt clch ddn thuan ma ludn di cung vdi mong mudn dffdc tff khdi cdng viet phat trien cl nhan va phuc ldi khac Ne'u chi mong mudn vffdt qua khd khan tai chinh, nff gidi hoan toan cd the Iffa chpn cdng viec lam thud de dffdc tra Iffdng, ehi ho thffc sff mud'n dat tdi sff tff ehii hoan toan ve tai chinh se thuc day hp sang lap va sd hffu sff nghiep kmh doanh ridng Thd tu la dim eha'p nhan rui ro: Kinh doanh ludn la mdt cdng vide mao hidm O nhdm effu sinh vidn dang la doanh nhan va nhffng sinh vidn nam cud'i mudn trd doanh nhan, hp ludn the hidn rd sff sin sang cha'p nhan thach thffc, san sang phieu lifu vdi mong mud'n va quyd't tam lam ndn sff nghiep O chieu ngffdc lai ly khien nff sinh vien khdng san sang khdi nghidp du eho ho So 14-Thang 6/2020 115 TAP CHi CDNG TKKONG ed k h i d a y dii e l e d i e u k i e n c h i n h la b d i h p v i e n nff b ^ t d a u s a n g l a p c a c d o a n h n g h i d p giiip k h d n g thich riii r o D a y cd t h e dffdc coi ia m p t cd dffdc dia vi td't h d n t r o n g xa h p i , se cd nhi^u r a o c a n dd'i vdi sff p h i t t r i e n eiia h p va'n dd c a n g i a i quyd't N g o a i nhffng v a n de Thii ndm la h e tho'ng chinh s a c h hd trd nff gidi m a n g tinh cd n h a n , sff t d n t a i v a p h d t trien ben k h d i n g h i e p : C a c chinh s a c h hd trd c l c ca'p chinh vffng ciia c a c d o a n h n g h i d p ciia nff g i d i phu q u y e n va c a c to ehffc t a i chinh d a n h c h o nff sinh t h u p c r a t n h i d u v a o c d e hd trd b d n n g o a i nhif: vidn n d i r i d n g va nff gidi n d i e h u n g cd t h u c d a y Tie'p c a n g i a o d u e k h d i n g h i d p d e sd hffu c l c ky p h d t trien d o a n h n h a n nff N d cd the t a o t h u a n n a n g v a kid'n thffe tie'n b d , sff ling hd tff gia dinh l d i t r o n g q u a trinh t h a n h 13p, q u a n ly d o a n h va xa h d i d e b a t d a u k i n h d o a n h , d a c b i e t la c3c n g h i e p d e bffdc d a u t a o thu n h a p cd b a n , rdi d a n chffdng trinh hd trd p h a t t r i e n nff sinh vien khdi d a n dSn dd'n t a n g trffdng n g h i d p nhff ffu d a i tff c h i n h phii va t d chffe ngSn h a n g t a i c h i n h H i d u q u a ke't h o p c u a ta't ca Ke't l u a n Nff gidi V i e t N a m ndi c h u n g , nff sinh v i e n ndi nhffng d i e u n a y c h a c c h i n sd t h u c d a y qua trinh r i d n g v e cd b a n d a h d i dii c a c ky n a n g v a t a i p h i t t r i e n d o a n h n h a n nff V i e t N a m tff the he n a n g kinh d o a n h N g h i e n cffu c h o tha'y, de' sinh sinh v i e n nff h i e n n a y • TAI LIEU THAM KHAO: Alvarado, M and Lynham, S.A (2005), "Expenences of Hispanic executives in the USA workplaceAn exploratory overview of current knowledge and understanding" Proceedings of the Academy of Human Resource Development VCCI (2015), Bdo cdo ciia VCCI Viet Nam ndm 2015 Bandura, A (1992),"Exercise ofpersonalagency through the self-efficacy mechanism" Hewlett, S.A and Luce, C.B (2005), "Off-ramps and on-ramps: keeping talented women on the road to success", Harvard Business Review Eddleston, K and Powell, G (2008), "The role of gender identity in explaining sex differences in business owners career satisfier preferences ", Journal of Business Venturing McKay, R (2001) Women entrepreneurs moving beyond family and flexibility Intemational Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research Slovic, P (2000), 77je Perception of Risk, Earthscan Publications Ltd, London Shane, S and Venkataraman, S (2000), "The promise of enlrepreneurship as a field of research ",4co(/emyo/ Management Review Sequeira, J., Mueller, S.L and McGee, J (2007), "The influence of social ties and self-efficacy in fomiing entrepreneurial intentions and motivating nascent behavior", Journal of Developmental Enlrepreneurship 10 Tominc, P & Rebemik, M (2003), The scarcity of women enUepreneurship Univen,it\ of Maribor, Faculty of economics and business 11 Verheul, I Van Stel, A and Thunk R (2006) -Explaining female and mate entrepreneurihip ui the country level" Enlrepreneurship and Regional Development 116 So 14 - Thang 6/2020 QUAN TR!-QUANLY Ngay nhan bai: 20/5/2020 Ngay phan bidn danh gia va su'a chtfa: 29/5/2020 Ngay chd'p nhdn dang bai: 10/6/2020 Thong tin tdc gid: TS NGUYEN MANH CUCfNG TS H A THANH CONG Khoa Quan ly Kinh doanh TrtfoTng Dai hpc Cdng nghidp Ha N$i FACTORS AFFECTING THE ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISION OF FEMALE STUDENTS: CASE STUDY OF HANOI UNIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY'S FEMALE STUDENTS • Ph.D NGUYEN MANH CUONG • Ph.D HA THANH CONG Faculty of Business Adrninlstratlon Hanoi University of Industry ABSTRACT: This study examines the factors affecting the decision of female students to start a business, hi-depth interviews with 20 alumni and 10 current students were conducted to carry out this study This study's findings reveal that the factors affecting the femal students' entrepreneurial decision exceed common job selection standards in terms of many aspects from making money, seeking freedom in work, achieving personal developments to ensunng personal wellbeing Remarkably, the most important factor that affects female students to start businesses is the self-belief and the willingness to seize busmess opportunities Keywords: Start-up, women, female students, businesswomen So 14-Thang 6/2020 117 ... tinh thdng qua vide phdng van sinh vien va cffu sinh vidn nff de kham pha tac dpng cua cac yd'u to' tdi vide quye't dmh sang lap va quan ly doanh nghidp Trong cac cffu sinh vien nff, mdt nhom la... effu sinh vien nff dang la chii sd hffu doanh nghidp va rapt nhdm 12 cffu sinh vidn nff dang la lao dpng nff tic nghiep dai didn eho clc hffdng quye't dinh ciiaca nhSn Ciing vdi dd la 10 sinh. .. quyd't dinh khdi nghidp ciia nff sinh vidn Khi thid'u nhffng dieu kien the ehd thi trffdng, van hda co nhffng die thu, vide quye't dinh khdi nghidp ciia nff sinh vidn co thd' chiu sff chi phd'i