^ TO CHirC HOAT DONG DAY HOC THEO NHOM TRONG DAV HOC SINH HOC PHO THONG O NGO QUANG LONG* Mdt trong nhirng trgng tdm cua viec ddi mdi phuong phdp dgy hgc (PPDH) hien nay Id hudng vdo ngudi hgc, phdt h[.]
^ TO CHirC HOAT DONG DAY HOC THEO NHOM TRONG DAV HOC SINH HOC PHO THONG O dt nhirng trgng tdm cua viec ddi mdi phuong phdp dgy hgc (PPDH) hien Id hudng vdo ngudi hgc, phdt huy tfnh tfch eye vd khd ndng sdng tgo cua hg Ngudi hge ehi ed t h i hge tdp ihdt su vd phdt triln td't nlu hg cd CO hgi hogt ddng Td chirc hogt ddng dgy hge theo nhdm (DHTN) ed tdc dyng tfch cue tdng eudng hogt ddng tu hgc eiia HS, kfch thfch su nd luc, hogt dgng ddc ldp cuo mdi ed nhdn Nhu vdy, DHTN gdp phdn quan frgng hinh thdnh nhtrng eon ngudi sdng tgo, cd khd ndng thfch irng eao vdi eugc sd'ng Trong hge tdp khdng phdi mgi tri thirc, kTndng, thdi deu dugc hinh thdnh bdng nhung hogt ddng ddc ldp cd nhdn Ldp hgc Id mdi trudng giao tilp giira gido vien (GV) vdi hgc sinh (HS) hogc giiia HS vdi HS tgo nen md'i quan he hgp tdc giira cdc cd nhdn tren dudng hr chilm iTnh ndi dung hgc tdp thdng quo DHTN Trong nhirng ndm quo, ddi mdi PPDH dgt dugc nhilu kit qud td't, da so cdc gid dgy GV dd td chirc DHTN Song ddi lue, viec dp dyng td chirc hogt ddng nhdm (HON) cdn chung chung, hinh thiie, ed gid dgy ehua mong Igi hieu qud coo Vi vdy, phgm vi bdi viet chung tdi mudn de cdp din viec td chiic hogt dgng DHTN DH mdn Sinh hgc (SH 9) gdp phdn ndng cao hieu qud dgy vd hgc mdn Sinh hgc d phd thdng M Td chiic HDN giup HS nhdm cd dilu kien chia se cde bdn khodn, vudng mde, eiing khdm phd, hr h'nh hdi fri thirc Bdng each frinh bdy nhung dilu dang suy nghT, mdi HS cd thi nhdn rd frinh hiiu bilt cua minh v l chu d l neu ra, thdy cdn phdi bd sung nhtrng gi Gid hge frd thdnh qud frinh hge hdi Idn chir khdng phdi chi Id su filp nhdn thy dgng mdt ehilu ta phfa GV Mye fieu eua HDN Id phdt trien khd ndng ta ddc ldp, sdng tgo cua HS, ren luyen eho HS kT ndng: diin dgt, giao filp, ndng lue hgp tdc giira cdc HS qud trinh DHTN ; ndng cao Idng tu tin, y thiic trdch nhiem ciia cd nhdn vdi tgp thi, thuc ddy mdi quan he cgnh tranh tfch cue NGO QUANG LONG* hge tdp, finh ehu ddng cua HS phdi duge phdt huy vd ren luyen Cdn trdnh khuynh hudng hinh thirc vd d l phdng Igm dyng, cho rdng td ehiie HDN Id dd'u hieu fieu bilu nhd't cuo ddi mdi PPDH, HDN cdng nhilu thi chirng td PPDH cdng dugc ddi mdi: O l phdt huy finh tfch cue HDN edn ddm bdo mgt so yeu edu: - Nhdm eddjnh: tri HDN ed thi phdn cdng nhdm theo vj frf HS ngdi cung bdn hgc (4 HS/nhdm) hoy bdn ghep Igi (8 HS/ nhdm); - Nhdm cadgng: cd t h i thay ddi nhdm ed nhung hogt ddng hgc tdp cdn thilt, ehia Idp thdnh nhilu nhdm (4 HS/nhdm); theo cdc kf h/ (a, b, c, d), d cdc bdn HS ed eiing kf hi tgp hgp thdnh mgt nhdm: A; B; C; D (xem hinh ve) ®m® To chuc thdo ludn, cdc nhdm tu phdn cdng frdch nhiem cho cdc thdnh vien thue hien nhiem vy nhd't djnh nhu: nhdm trudng, thu kf, ed nhdn Su phdn cdng ndy cdn cd su thay ddi de mdi HS phdt huy tdt voi trd cd nhdn 1) Vai trd cua GV: dilu hdnh todn bg k l hogch ta bdt ddu d i n kit thue; bao qudt Idp de ndm finh hinh; gioo nhiem vy, djnh hudng hogt ddng cho tang nhdm, theo ddi, giup dd, dieu chfnh kjp thdi hogt ddng cua mdi nhdm di dung hudng, gdp y vd udn ndn lech Igc edn thilt Td chiie thdo ludn ehung cho ed Idp: dgi dien tang nhdm trinh bdy trudc Idp; cdc thdnh vien cde nhdm phdt bieu, bd sung hodc tranh ludn gdp y Td chirc thdo ludn nhdm cdn ehudn bj mdt sd ndi dung: Yeu cdu HS nghien ciru trudc bdi hgc vd ehudn bj frd Idi cdu hdi GV gidi thieu myetieu,ndi dung bdi hgc neu cdu hdi cho ed Idp vd dy kiln thdi * Pliong Giao due va Bao tao Dien Cliau - Nglie An Tap ehi Giao due so (ki i • 9/aoii) gian thdo ludn cho mdi cdu hdi; - Xde djnh mye tieu edn dgt dugc v l kiln thirc, kf ndng, hdnh vi thdi do; - Chia nhdm, cde nhdm cu nhdm frudng, thu kf vd hudng ddn cdch filn hdnh thdo ludn Yeu cdu dd'i vdi nhdm: xde dinh rd voi trd eua mdi thdnh vien vd md'i quan he giira cde thdnh vien, tgo bdu khdng khf ldm viec giira cdc thdnh vien nhdm thdn thien, giup d d , tdn trgng, vd khuyin khfch cde thdnh vien hogt ddng, tgo bdu khdng khf cdi md vd tin cdy Idn nhau; cd phuang phdp gidi q u y l t su khdng nhd't tri dd'i vdi mdt vd'n d l ; thd'ng nhd't muc tieu edn dgt, cdc nguyen tdc qud trinh ldm viee 2) Vai trd eua trudng nhdm, thu ki: trudng nhdm cd nhiem vy phdn cdng trdch nhiem vd yeu edu mdi thdnh vien thue hien dung trdch nhiem eua minh; hudng ddn nhdm di sdu vdo ede phdn trgng tdm hogc ede vdn d l edn ldm sdng td; cdn dd'i thdi gian cho mdi cdu hdi, ddnh nhieu thdi gian eho cdc cdu hdi khd Td chirc cho nhdm thdo ludn yeu cdu mgi thdnh vien suy nghT ddc ldp, thdo ludn, xdy dung ddn y, thu kf ed trdch nhiem ghi chep, tdng hgp ede y kiln ehung cuo cd nhdm, nhdm eii dgi dien trinh bdy trudc Idp GV yeu edu 3) Yeu cau dd'i vdi ed nhan: chudn bj theo sy phdn cdng ciio nhdm, ghi ehu nhung vdn de ehua ro vd trao ddi nhdm Cd y kiln ngdn ggn vd tdp frung vdo vd'n de GV neu edn trao ddi Phdi cd trdch nhiem gidi thieh giup d d n l u thdnh vien frong nhdm ehua h i i u rd vdn d l Ldng nghe y kiln eua eae thdnh vien frong nhdm Khdng hj y bd ngodi nhdm dong ldm viec Khdng duge eoi thudng, ehi frfch cde y k i l n frdi ngugc cde thdnh vien khde phdt b i l u N l u cd y kiln khdc biet edn fim nguyen nhdn frudc di d i n k i t ludn Moi HS nhdm: cd frdch nhiem xdy dung ede budc cy t h i de dgt duge mye fieu chung eua nhdm; xdc djnh duge q u y i n hgn, vai frd Igi ieh eua nhdm vd cd nhdn, mdi lien he giira cde yeu td ndy; cd kiln thirc CO bdn vd kT ndng cdn thilt; ed n i l m tin vd h/ hdo vdi thdnh tfch dgt dugc ciia nhdm Cdc thdnh vien Idng nghe vd khai thdc ede y kiln ddng gdp, dgc biet cdc y k i l n trdi ehilu edn duge thdo ludn Vai frd vd nhiem vy ciia moi HS dugc thay ddi phii hgp vdi ede vdn de phdi gidi quylt Cdc thdnh vien phdi tdn frgng vd giup d d tgo mdi trudng ldm viec thdn thien vd cdi md V i d y minh h g a d g y k h d i niem mdi trudng vd cdc nhdn td sinh thdi (NTST) Chia Idp thdnh nhdm chinh: GV giao nhiem vy, phdt Tap ehi Giao due s6 (ki i - 9/aon) cho mdi nhdm td gidy khd Idn vd but v i i t trinh bdy ngi dung thdo ludn ciia nhdm: ede nhdm dgc sdeh SH bdi 41 phdn: Mdi trudng sdng cua sinh vdt - Cdc NTST cua mdi trudng Sau hge phdn ndy mye fieu HS phdi dgt dugc: - V l k i l n thiic: NTST Id g i , cdc nhdm NTST, mdi quan he eua cdc nhdm NTST; Mdi trudng Id gi, cdc logi mdi trudng, md'i quan he giira cdc mdi trudng; V l kT ndng: ren kT ndng quan sdt, ta cho HS thdng qua he thd'ng cdu hdi; - V l hdnh vi thdi hinh thdnh eho HS y thiie bdo ve mdi trudng, Quan sdt hinh 41.1 sdeh gido khoa SH hdy eho biet: a) Cdc yiu td ndo tdc dgng din ddi sd'ng sinh trudng phdt triin eua sinh vdt; b) Thi ndo la NTST? Cde nhdm NTST; c) Mdi quan he cua cde nhdm NTST nhu Hii ndo; d) Mdi trudng Id gi? Cde logi mdi trudng? Cde nhdm quon sdt tang lodi dgng vdt, thuc vdt vd td chiie thdo ludn theo sy phdn cdng cua GV (Nhdm A: quan sdt cd; Nhdm B: quan sdt chim; Nhdm C: quan sdt cdy; Nhdm D: quan sdt ehd) Ody Id quan sat cdc lodi tren tranh, nen HS phdi ta duy, hinh dung ed nhirng gi xung quanh tdc dgng d i n co t h i sinh vdt Vdi cdu a: cdc nhdm se cho b i l t ed rd't nhilu y l u to tdc ddng tdi qud trinh sdng, sinh frudng phdt t r i l n eua sinh vgt nhu: dnh sdng, nudc, khdng khi, dd't, thyc vdt, dgng vdt vd ddng thdi tdc dgng d i n co t h i sinh vdt, n l u thiiu se dnh hudng tryc t i l p hogc gidn t i l p d i n co t h i sinh vdt dd Td't ed cdc y l u td dd Id cdc NTST Vdi cdu b: trd Idi cdc y l u td dnh sdng, nudc, khdng khi, ddt, thyc vdt, dgng vdtcac nhdm sdp x I p khdng theo thii ty cdc nhdn td khdng sd'ng vd nhdn to sd'ng nen GV ehudn bi trudc so dd d l phdn chinh xdc hod k i l n thirc eho HS quan sdt thdy nhirng nhdn td khdng sd'ng (dnh sdng, nudc, khdng khi, ) vd nhdn td sdng (cdy, con) theo thii tu vd chdt Igi dd Id nhdm nhdn td vd sinh; nhdm nhdn to hiru sinh Vdi cdu c: thdy duge md'i quan he bien chirng, tdc dgng qua Igi giira cdc nhdm nhdn td vd sinh, nhdn td hiru sinh vd nhdn to ngudi Vdi cdu d: cac nhdm chd't Igi duge mdi trudng Id noi sinh sd'ng cua sinh vdt boo gdm td't ed cdc NTST tdc dgng tdi ehung, cd logi mdi trudng dd Id: mdi trudng dd't; mdi trudng nudc; mdi trudng tren mgt ddt - Khdng khi; mdi frudng sinh vdt; vd phdn biet dugc cdc logi mdi frudng (Xem flip trang 50) # HS Vi ddc dilm lira tudi, HS TH chua cd nhdn thiic dung ddn v l vai trd cua bd mdn, hgc theo edm xuc nen mdt khdng khf hgc tdp thodi mdi, sdi nd'i, d dd HS dugc hgc md choi, choi md hgc Id vd ciing cdn thilt O l cd nhtrng fiet dgy hgc nhu t h i , GV cdn ndng ddng, fim tdi, rut kinh nghiem Trong dgy hgc, GV khdng chi cung cdp cho HS nhirng kiln thiic ngdn ngu thudn md cdn cdn tgo dilu kien cho cdc em cung cd vd sii dyng vd'n kiln thiic dd Ben cgnh dd, lua ehgn PPDH thieh hgp, dua tren co sd hiiu bilt v l tdm sinh If lira tadi HS TH ndi chung, tirng logi dd'i tagng HS ndi rieng Cdc ed'p qudn li cdn tgo dilu kien de GV thuc hien ngdy cdng tdt hon vai trd, nhiem vy cua minh bdng cdch: + Tiln hdnh khdo sdt chd't lugng vd thdi cuo HS vdo ddu mdi ndm hgc de phdn logi HS, nhdm cd nhiing k l hogch phy dgo, bdi dudng vd ndng eao nhdn thiic ciio cdc em; + Hd trg phdt triln ede hogt ddng chuyen mdn djnh ki de GV ndng coo ndng lye TA, ndng lue su phgm vd chia se kinh nghiem gidng dgy; + Tdng cudng phdt trien eo sd vdt chd't phye vy dgy hgc TA nhu xdy dung phdng tu lieu, phdng ndng ed'p thdnh phd/HX/trudng, bj ddy cdc thilt bj dgy hgc TA nhu tranh dnh, phuong fien nghe nhin G (1) Brown, H D "Principles of language learning and teaching" New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1987 To Chirc hoat ddng ^77ep theo trang 47) Sou nghe ede nhdm bdo cdo kit qud, GV kit ludn, chinh xdc hod kiln thiic, nhdn xet kiln thiic cdc nhdm dd trinh bdy, khfch le, ddng vien nhihig kit qud HS thuc hien dugc, chd't Igi nhung dilm kit ludn chung nhd't: sinh vdt sd'ng d mdi frudng ndo cung chju su tdc dgng true filp hogc gidn filp cuo cdc nhdm NTST; cdc nhdm NTST cd md'i quon he bien chiing vdi nhau; cdc mdi frudng cd quan he vdi nhou chung khdng tdch rieng re: mdi trudng nudc cd khdng khi, thuc vdt ddng vdt, VSV, ; frong mdi trudng dd't ed nudc, khdng khf, dgng thuc vdt, Vdn dyng: HS dd c6 nhtrng kiln thuc ve NTST, mdi frudng GV neu vd'n d l cho HS xii If: Nguyen nhdn cua cde hien tugng lu lyt, xdi mdn, hgn hdn, Tgi chung ta phdi cdy gdy rimg? •** Qud trinh DH Id nhiing qud trinh hit siic phiie tgp khdng the sii dyng mdt PPDH ndo dd de gidi quylt trgn ven ede nhiem vy hgc tdp Viec ndm virng dilm mgnh, dilm y l u cuo tang phuong phdp khdc nhou qud frinh DH vd lyo chgn dugc mgt he thd'ng td'i uu cdc phuong phdp thfch hgp v l mgt tdm If lira tadi, hgp If v l mgt logic Id mdt yeu cdu khdeh quon Id tieu chi ddnh gid kT ndng su phgm eua GV Su hrong tdc ndy diin ro giira GV vdi HS hogc giiia HS vdi HS giup cdc em fim tdi, phdt hien vd gidi quylt dugc mye fieu ciia bdi hgc Vi vgy, DHTN Id mdi trudng tdt tgo dilu kien eho HS phdt triln kT ndng gioo filp, cdch ldm viec hgp tdc; ddy Id nhiing kT ndng rdt cdn thilt frudc yeu cdu ddi hdi ngdy cdng eao cuo viec ddi mdi PPDH, gdp phdn ndng coo hieu qud dgy vd hge sinh hgc d phd thdng • Tai lieu tham khao Chinh phii Quy^t dinh \t viec phe duyet dt an "Day v^ hoc ngoai ngu he thd'ng giao due quO'c dan giai doan 2008-2020" H, 2008 Dang Vu Hoat Giao due tieu hoc, tap 1, NXB Gido due, H 2007 Quye't dinh s6 50/2003/QD-BGD&DT Tai lieu tham khao 30/10/2003 cua BO trudng B6 GD-DT vt viec ban hanh Dinh Quang Bao - NguySn Due Thknh Li luain day chuong tnnh m6n Ti^ng Anh vk Tin hpc d bac tifiu hpc hoc sinh hoc - P h ^ dai cuung NXB Gido due, H 1996 Nguyen Quang Vinh (tdng chii bien) - Vu Due Luu SUIVIMARY (chu bien) - Nguyen Minh C6ng - Mai Sy Tuin Sinh This article reports the findings of an hpc NXB Gido due, H 2007 Investigation into the attitude of the primary children towards English as an optional subject Le Thanh Oai "Nguyen tic xSy dung cSu h6i bki The three components looked at are perception, tap day hpc sinh thai hpc d trudng phd thdng" emotion, and behavior Data were collected by Tap chi Gido due, sd 211/2009 means of questionnaires and discussions From the SUIVirVIARY findings, some suggestions concerning learners, teachers, and managers are put forwards to The article mentions the Issue of organizing enhance the effectiveness of the learning and group teaching and illustrafing example of teaching of this subject in Binh Dinh in particular teaching the concept of environment and and in the whole country In general ecological elements (9^ grade Biology) Tap chi Giao due so (ki i 9/2011) ... con) theo thii tu vd chdt Igi dd Id nhdm nhdn td vd sinh; nhdm nhdn to hiru sinh Vdi cdu c: thdy duge md''i quan he bien chirng, tdc dgng qua Igi giira cdc nhdm nhdn td vd sinh, nhdn td hiru sinh. .. xung quanh tdc dgng d i n co t h i sinh vdt Vdi cdu a: cdc nhdm se cho b i l t ed rd''t nhilu y l u to tdc ddng tdi qud trinh sdng, sinh frudng phdt t r i l n eua sinh vgt nhu: dnh sdng, nudc, khdng... Id noi sinh sd''ng cua sinh vdt boo gdm td''t ed cdc NTST tdc dgng tdi ehung, cd logi mdi trudng dd Id: mdi trudng dd''t; mdi trudng nudc; mdi trudng tren mgt ddt - Khdng khi; mdi frudng sinh vdt;