T/SP CHl KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM •S" ̂ f*2J nam 2016 \PHAT TRIEN VAN HOA DOC THONG QUA DOI MOfl TO CHlTC HOAT DONG DAY HOC THEO DINH Hir«5(NG PHAT TRifiN NANG LÛ C NGlTCH HOC NGUYEN TRONG HOAN'''' TOM TAT H[.]
Trang 1\PHAT TRIEN VAN HOA DOC
THONG QUA DOI MOfl TO CHlTC HOAT DONG DAY HOC THEO DINH Hir«5(NG PHAT TRifiN NANG LU^C NGlTCH HOC
NGUYEN TRONG H O A N '
TOM TAT
Huang tai muc tieu xdy dung mgt xa hdi hoc tap ddy manh tu hoc vd hoc tap sudt dai; vifcphdt triin vdn hda dgc Id mot tdt yiu trong bdi cdnh ddi m&i cdn bdn todn dien gido due vd ddo tao a nudc ta hien nay
Trong nhd truang, viec phdt n-iin van hda doc thdng qua ddi mai phuang phdp dgy hoc vd kiim tra ddnh gid Id mot gidi phdp hOu hieu nhdm timg buac chuyen giao nhiem
vu hgc tap vdo mdi hgc sinh, ndng cao chdt lugng day hoc, ddp irng yeu cdu "chuyen mgnh qud trinh gido due tir chu yiu Irang hi kiin thtic sang phdt trien todn dien ndng luc vdphdm chdt cda ngudi hoc "
Tie khoa: xa hpi hpc tap, tu hpc, hpc tap suot doi, van hoa dpc
ABSTRACT
Developing a reading culture through innovating the organization of learning and teaching activities following a learners' competence development approach
Towards the goal of building a learning society, promoting self-learning and life-long learning, the development of a reading culture is apodictic in the context of fundamentally innovating education and training in our country
In school, the development of a reading culture through reforming teaching methods and testing and assessment is an effective solution, transferring the learning tasks to each learner step by step to increase learning quality, meeting the demand of "strongly transforming the education process from mainly equipping knowledge to fiilly developing learners' competence and quality"
Keywords: learning society, self-leaming, Hfe-long learning, reading culture
1 Dat van de va ca quan quan li nha nuoc; con a nghia
La mpt thuat ngii kha mdi, "van hoa hep, do la ling xu, gia tri va chuin muc dpc" chua duac dinh nghla th6ng nhat va dpc cua mSi ca nhan Chu Hao thi nhSn chira xuat hien trong cac bp tir dien tieng manh 3 ylu t6 cdu thanh van hoa dpc: Viet Theo Nguyin Hiru Viem, van hoa thoi quen dpc, phuang phap chon sach va dpc la mpt khai niem co hai nghla, mot kl nang dpc [1, tr.2]
nghla rpng va mpt nghla hep d ngMa Dpc sach co tac dpng true tilp din rpng, do la img xii dpc, gia tri dpc va tu duy, y thiic nguoi dpc, thl gioi npi tam chuin muc dpc cua m6i ca nhan, cua nguoi dpc va do do co anh hucmg, din cpng d6ng xa hpi va ciia cac nha quan li hanh vi, trinh do van hoa nguai dpc trong
TS, BO GISo due vS B4o tao; Email: lioanbgddt@yahoo.com
Trang 2cudc sdng; anh hudng den hoat ddng xa
hgi cua ngudi dgc, ndi each khac la dgc
cdng ed tac dung hinh thanh va phat trien
nhan each con ngudi Theo dd, ddi vdi
hge sinh phd thdng - d do tudi hinh thanh
va hoan thidn nhan each - viec dgc sach
cd nhieu lgi ich:
Dgc sach la dugc trang bi, md
mang kidn thuc, la tao diSu kien kdt ndi
kidn thue da hgc trong ehuong trinh giao
due cua nha trudng vdi nhdng kidn thuc
rgng ldn va thdi su, thuc tidn cua cugc
sfing
Theo tam li hge, hoat dgng dgc giup
kich thich cac day than kinh nao bg, ttr dd
lam cham lai tidn do cua nguy co mat tri
nhd, ddng thdi giu eho bd nao hoat dgng
gia tang nang lugng va tranh lao hoa
Dgc sach ddng nghia vdi vide kham
pha nhihig kien thdc, nhdng dieu mdi
me, thu vi Qua trinh dgc sach giup ngudi
dgc hinh thanh kha nang tu duy nhay
ben, kha nang nhin nhan van dd logic va
toan didn; thdng qua each phan tieh van
de cua tac gia, ngudi dgc cd the tham
khao, van dung vao giai quydt cac tinh
hudng thuc tidn trong cude sdng eua
minh
Vide dgc cang nhieu khdng nhiing
bd sung dugc vdn tu ngu phong phu ma
cdn tgo didu kidn cho ngudi dgc lua chgn
cac each didn dat hieu qua, tu tin hon
trong giao tidp
Chi'nh vi vay, viec phat tridn van
hoa dgc dang dugc dat ra la mgt van de
cip bach hidn nay Thang 11/2015, Bd
Van hda - The thao va Du lich da trinh
Thu tudng Chinh phu dd an "Phat tridn
van hda dgc trong cgng ddng giai doan
2016-2020, djnh hudng ddn nam 2030" Hudng dng "Ngay dgc saeh thd gidi" (23/4) va "Ngay dgc sach Viet Nam" (21/4) hang nam, "Tuan Id hgc tap suot ddi" (2015) da dugc Bg Giao due va Dao tao (GD&DT) tridn khai vdi chu dd
"Chung tay xay dung thu vidn, thudng xuyen dgc nhieu saeh hay", nham muc tieu "Phat tridn kha nang sang tao, ty hge, khuyen khieh hgc tap sudt ddi" Theo do, vide dgc sach va phat trien van hda dgc
da cd nhidu khdi sac trong toan bd he thdng cac eo sd giao due ca nudc
2 Mgt so bien phap phat trien van hoa dgc thong qua doi mdi hoat dgng day hoc theo dinh hirdng phat trien nang luc ngudi hgc
Thuc hidn cac hudng dan tai Cong van sd 5555/BGDDT-GDTrH ngay
18/10/2014 Hudng ddn sinh hogt chuyen
mon vi doi m&i phucmg phdp dgy hoc vd kiim tra, ddnh gid, Cdng van sd
4509/BGDD-GDTrH ngay 03/9/2015
Hudng ddn thuc hiin nhiim vu gido due Trung hgc ndm hoc 2015-2016 va Cdng
van s6 6841/BGDDT-GDTX cua Bd
GD&DT ve viic doi mdi thu viin vd phdt triin vdn hoa doc trong nhd trudng, cd
thd tridn khai mgt so bidn phap phat tridn van hda dge thdng qua ddi mdi boat dgng day hgc theo dinh hudng phat trien nang luc ngudi hgc sau:
2.1 Thdng qua doi mdi hinh thuv to ehire vd phuang phdp day hge theo dinh hudng phdt triin ndng luc ngudi hgc
I) xay dung ke hoach hudng dati hgc sinh phuang phap dgc sach nham phat trien chuyen mdn cdng nhu dgc sach, bao ndi ehung (kT thuat dgc hidu
Trang 3TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM
qua, each duy hi hung thu dgc, each su
dung kdt qua dgc, each lap thu muc tai
li?u tham khao ) Day each dgc sach la
mdt each thuc day hgc sinh tu hgc, ty
phat huy tidm nang, tu phat didn toan
didn theo sd thich, nhu cau cua m6i ca
nhan; vi vay eln phai md cae ldp giao
due kl nang, phuong phap dgc, phuong
phap thu thap va xd li thong tin cho hgc
sinh Vi dy: d Ida tudi mam non, hgc sinh
cd thd dugc nghe, roi phu huynh hudng
din each xem truy?n tranh dd hidu, &^
nhd, dd kd Iai dugc chuyen; nhtmg khi
vao tidu hgc, hgc sinh can dMgc giao vidn
hudng din each dgc sdch, bao, dd hd trg
vi$e hge d muc cao hon, hgc sinh can
duge hudng dan each dgc tung loai sach,
bao: each dgc sach lich su khac vdi each
dgc sach van hgc, eung khac vdi each dge
sach toan hgc Va d miic cao hon nua:
dgc tho khac vdi dgc truydn, dgc van
midu ta khac vdi van kd ehuyen, khac vdi
van thuydt minh
2) Theo tinh thin "chuydn giao
nhidm vu hgc tap cho moi hgc sinh", thuc
hidn ddi mdi yeu cau chuan bi bai hgc
cua hgc sinh thong qua phidu giao nhidm
vy hgc t^p de hgc sinh chu dgng khai
thac thdng tin tu vide dgc saeh giao khoa
va eac loai sach bao tham khao, bd sung
hoac thay the vide dan thuAn chi ydu chx
tra ldi eac cau hdi trong sach giao khoa
Ngoai vide td chuc cho hgc sinh thue
hign eac nhidm vu hgc tap d trdn ldp, eln
coi trgng giao nhidm vy va hudng din
hge sinh hgc tap d nha theo hudng tang
cudng khai thac kidn thiie, du lidu/ngd
li|u td eac ngudn sach bao, tai lieu phu
hgp vdi ehuong trinh mdn hgc, ldp hgc
va cip hgc Vi du: ung vdi timg chuong, tung phan kidn thuc trong ehuong trinh can dgc loai sach bao gi, d muc do nao de cung cd; mdc do nao dd md rgng; muc do nao de nang cao
3) Tren co sd ra soat va ddi chidu vdi ndi dimg chuong trinh cae bg mdn va boat dgng giao due, hudng dan hgc sinh each khai thac ngu6n tai nguyen cua thu vidn; td dd hudng din hgc sinh kdt ndi va
bd sung gida ngudn tai nguydn trong thu vien vdi ngi dung chuong trinh mdn hgc, thuc dly y thdc ty giac dgc sach, hmh thanh thdi quen dgc sach dd giai quydt nhi?m vy hge tap Mudn thuc hidn bidn phap nay, hgc sinh cin dugc bidt cac npi dimg sach bao cd thd khai thac t?i thu vidn cua trudng va cua ldp, cac ndi dung cin tim kiem d thu vidn khac hoac trdn mtemet Vi dy: lidn quan ddn chuang thyc vat trong mdn Sinh hgc can khai thae thdm cac tai lieu gi? Lien quan ddn phan van ban nhat dyng trong mdn Ngu van eln khai thac tai lieu minh hga/md rdng d dau?
4) Linh hoat trong vide lya chgn xay dyng ngi dung chu dd/bai hgc dd to chuc mgt sd gid hge, bai hgc/hoat dgng giao dye, su kidn, giao liru, cac cugc thi, cac budi tga dam (cd thd theo djnh ki hang thang hoac theo chu dd nhu: ve dep cua van hgc khang chidn; tim hieu su da dang sinh hge; cac giai phap ung phd vdi bidn ddi khi hau va phdng tranh thidn tai; hanh trang khdi nghidp ) tai thu vidn trdn CO sd khai thac hidu qua tai nguyen cua thu vidn va cac hidu ung kdt hgp cda cac hinh thuc thd hidn
5) Tidp tyc ddi mdi manh me
Trang 4phuang phap day hgc; tang cudng td
chuc md hinh trudng hgc kdt noi, day hgc
theo dy an, day hgc theo ehu dd, tich hgp
lien mdn nham phat huy tinh tich cyc,
chu dgng, sang tao va ren luydn phuang
phap ty hgc, kha nang van dyng kien
thuc, kl nang vao giai quydt cac van de
thuc tien; thyc hidn day hge thdng qua di
san theo Hudng din s6
73/HD-BGDDT-BVHTTDL ngay 16/01/2013 cua Bd
GD&DT va Bg Van hoa - Thd thao va
Du lich bang each: khuydn khich hgc
sinh dgc sach bao md rgng dd ty phat
hidn van dd; thdng qua vide giao dd tai,
de an, nhidm vu nghidn cuu khoa hgc ung
dyng cung vdi cac ggi y vd each thiic giai
quydt vin de eho hge sinh
6) Dd dap ling "nhu cau phat tridn
va phat huy tiem nang sang tao eua moi
ea nhan", day manh vide hinh thanh va to
chuc hidu qua cac Ioai hinh sinh hoat cau
lgc bg "Em ydu khoa hge" va xay dyng
cung nhu su dung hidu qua cac tu sach
chuyen de nhu tu sach "STEM", "Lieh su
va van hda", "Vat li vui", "Thudng thiic
phap luat", "Toan hgc va tudi tre", "Van
hgc va tudi tre" thu hut hgc sinh tham
gia thuyet trinh, bao cao, chia sd kdt qua
nghien cuu
2.2 Thdng qua doi mdi hogt dgng
kiem tra ddnh gid iheo dinh hudng phdt
trien nang lire ngudi hge
1) Khuyen khich hgc sinh dgc sach
thdng qua vide kdt hgp mdt each hgp li
gida kiem tra Ii thuyet va kidm tra thuc
hanh trong cac bai kiem tra; tidp tyc nang
cao ydu cau van dung kidn thde lidn mdn
vao thyc tidn; tang cudng ra cac cau hdi
md, gin vdi thdi sy qud huong, dat nudc
ddi vdi eae mdn khoa hgc xa hdi va nhan van dd hgc sinh duge bay td chinh kidn cua minh ve eac van de kinh te, chinh tri,
xa hgi Muon thuc hidn ydu cau nay, tranh ra cae eau hdi hudng vao danh gid
sy ghi nhd may moc; ma can ra cac cau hoi hudng ngudi hgc vao suy nghT, tim tdi, sang tao Vi du: tu bai hgc vd chu dd gia dinh, hay neu suy nghT ve van nan bao lye gia dinh dugc phan anh trdn cac phuong tien thdng tin dai chung gan day? (mdn Giao due edng dan); tu cac tae pham van hgc da hgc va da dgc, hay trinh bay suy nghT cua minh vd van dd binh dang gidi? (mdn Ngu van); tu cac bai hgc trong ehuong trinh, hay phan tich va dd xuat giai phap ngan chan nguy ca gay d nhiem mdi trudng (mon Hoa hge, Sinh hgc )
2) Thue day boat dgng dgc eua hgc sinh thong qua ddi mdi each thdc kidm tra danh gia: khuyen khich hgc sinh dgc sach bao md rgng de cap nhat thdng tin trong hd so hge tap, vd hge tap; qua vide hgc sinh bao cao kdt qua thyc hidn mgt
du an hgc tap, nghien cuu khoa hgc, kT thuat, bao cao kdt qua thye hanh, thi nghidm; danh gia qua bai thuydt trinh (bai viet, bai trinh chidu, video clip ) vd kdt qua thye hidn nhidm vu hgc tap; qua tham gia Cugc thi nghien eiiu khoa hgc kT thuat theo Cdng van sd 3162/BGDDT-GDTrH ngay 24/6/2015 cua Bg GD&DT
va Cugc thi van dung kidn thdc lien mdn
dd giai quydt cac vin de thuc tidn danh cho hgc sinh trung hgc theo Cdng van sd 3790/BGDDT-GDTrH ngay 29/7/2015 3) Tich cue td ehiic hoat ddng dd xuat va lua ehgn, hoan thidn cac cau hdi
Trang 5TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM
bai tap kidm tra theo djnh hudng phat
tridn nang lye dd bd sung cho thu vidn
cau hdi cua trudng Tang cudng xay
dyng ngudn hge lieu md (thu vidn hgc
lieu) vd eau hdi, bai tap, dd thi, kd hoach
bai hgc, tai lieu tham khao cd chat lugng
trdn website cua Bd (tai dia chi
http://truongkocketnoi edu vn), cua
sd/phdng GD&DT va cac trudng hgc
Tang cudng danh gia sy van dyng
kidn thuc trong chuong trinh gjao due
phd thdng vao thyc tidn ddi sdng; tiep tyc
md rgng quy md va mue do thudng
xuydn gan kdt ydu cau va phara vi van dd
kidm tra danh gia kdt qua hgc tap cua hgc
sinh theo chuang trinh giao due pho
thdng vdi nhiing van dd thdi sy eua qud
huong dlt nudc va qude td thd hien qua
sy cap nhat thdng tin khai thac, tong hgp
tu nhidu ngudn tai lidu, sach bao ngoai
ehuang trinh khi xay dyng dd thi, kidm
tra theo ma tran Vi dy: yeu cau hgc sinh
trinh bay thai do trudc sy kien Trung
Qudc dat gian khoan HD981 trai phep, vi
pham chd quydn cua nude ta {Bh thi tdt
nghiep Trung hgc pho thdng nam 2014);
ydu eau hgc sinh thd hidn tmh cam eua
minh ddi vdi ngudi Hnh dao qua mot doan tho cua Trin Dang Khoa (Dd thi Trung hgc phd thdng qudc gia nam 2015)
3 Kk luan
Mortimer J Adler - tac gia cua tac phim kinh didn vd dgc sach thdng minh
da tdng khing djnh: "Dgc tdt, hay dpc tich cyc, khdng chi tdt cho ban than viec dgc, ciing khdng chi la mdt phuong tien giup ta tien bg trong cdng viee hay nghe nghidp Nd edn giup ta giu cho tri 6c sdng va phdt tridn"
Nghi quydt sd 29-NQ/TW ngay 4/11/2013 eua Dang ve ddi mdi can ban, toan didn giao due va dao tao da ndu quan didm: "Tap trung day each hpc, each nghT, khuydn khieh ty hgc, tao co sd
dd ngudi hgc ty cap nhat va ddi mdi tri thdc, kT nang, phat tridn nang lyc" Theo
dd, vide ddi mdi hinh thuc hinh thiic td chue va phuong phap day hgc, kidm tra danh gia theo dinh hudng phat tridn nang lyc ngudi hgc cd y nghTa thidt diyc gop phan phat tridn van hda dgc trong nha trudng ddng thdi giup hgc sinh ren luydn nang lyc ty hge va hgc tap suot ddi
TAI Lifiu THAM KHAO
1 H6 Chi Minh, Vi vdn di gido due, Nxb Giao dye, 1990
2 Nguyen Canh Toan (ehu bien) (1997), Qud trinh dgy-tu hgc, Nxb Giao due
3 Richard Paul, Linda Elder (2015), Cam nang tu duy doc, Nxb Tdng hgp Thanh phd
Hd Chi Minh
4 Mortuner J Adler, Charles Van Doren (2015), Phuongphdp dgc sdch hieu qug Nxb
Dai hgc Kinh td Qudc dan
5 Bg Giao due va Dao tao (2015), Ki yeu Hgi thdo "Phdt triin vdn hda doc trong nhd trudng vd cong ddng "
(Ngiy Tda so^n nl^$n 6iigc bii: 20-02-2016; ngiy phin bi^n dinh gii: 31-3-2016,
ngiy chip nh$n ding: 20-4-2016)