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T/SP CHl KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM •S" ̂ f*2J nam 2016 \PHAT TRIEN VAN HOA DOC THONG QUA DOI MOfl TO CHlTC HOAT DONG DAY HOC THEO DINH Hir«5(NG PHAT TRifiN NANG LÛ C NGlTCH HOC NGUYEN TRONG HOAN'''' TOM TAT H[.]
T/SP CHl KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM •S" ^f*2J nam 2016 \PHAT TRIEN VAN HOA DOC THONG QUA DOI MOfl TO CHlTC HOAT DONG DAY HOC THEO DINH Hir«5(NG PHAT TRifiN NANG LU^C NGlTCH HOC NGUYEN TRONG H O A N ' TOM TAT Huang tai muc tieu xdy dung mgt xa hdi hoc tap ddy manh tu hoc vd hoc tap sudt dai; vifcphdt triin vdn hda dgc Id mot tdt yiu bdi cdnh ddi m&i cdn bdn todn dien gido due vd ddo tao a nudc ta hien Trong nhd truang, viec phdt n-iin van hda doc thdng qua ddi mai phuang phdp dgy hoc vd kiim tra ddnh gid Id mot gidi phdp hOu hieu nhdm timg buac chuyen giao nhiem vu hgc tap vdo mdi hgc sinh, ndng cao chdt lugng day hoc, ddp irng yeu cdu "chuyen mgnh qud trinh gido due tir chu yiu Irang hi kiin thtic sang phdt trien todn dien ndng luc vdphdm chdt cda ngudi hoc " Tie khoa: xa hpi hpc tap, tu hpc, hpc tap suot doi, van hoa dpc ABSTRACT Developing a reading culture through innovating the organization of learning and teaching activities following a learners' competence development approach Towards the goal of building a learning society, promoting self-learning and lifelong learning, the development of a reading culture is apodictic in the context of fundamentally innovating education and training in our country In school, the development of a reading culture through reforming teaching metho and testing and assessment is an effective solution, transferring the learning tasks to eac learner step by step to increase learning quality, meeting the demand of "strongly transforming the education process from mainly equipping knowledge to fiilly developin learners' competence and quality" Keywords: learning society, self-leaming, Hfe-long learning,readingculture Dat van de La mpt thuat ngii kha mdi, "van hoa dpc" chua duac dinh nghla th6ng nhat va chira xuat hien cac bp tir dien tieng Viet Theo Nguyin Hiru Viem, van hoa dpc la mpt khai niem co hai nghla, mot nghla rpng va mpt nghla hep d ngMa rpng, la img xii dpc, gia tri dpc va chuin muc dpc cua m6i ca nhan, cua cpng d6ng xa hpi va ciia cac nha quan li va ca quan quan li nha nuoc; a nghia hep, la ling xu, gia tri va chuin muc dpc cua mSi ca nhan Chu Hao thi nhSn manh ylu t6 cdu van hoa dpc: thoi quen dpc, phuang phap chon sach va kl nang dpc [1, tr.2] Dpc sach co tac dpng true tilp din tu duy, y thiic nguoi dpc, thl gioi npi tam nguoi dpc va do co anh hucmg, din hanh vi, trinh van hoa nguai dpc TS, BO GISo due vS B4o tao; Email: lioanbgddt@yahoo.com 36 TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM cudc sdng; anh hudng den hoat ddng xa hgi cua ngudi dgc, ndi each khac la dgc cdng ed tac dung hinh va phat trien nhan each ngudi Theo dd, ddi vdi hge sinh phd thdng - d tudi hinh va hoan thidn nhan each - viec dgc sach cd nhieu lgi ich: Dgc sach la dugc trang bi, md mang kidn thuc, la tao diSu kien kdt ndi kidn thue da hgc ehuong trinh giao due cua nha trudng vdi nhdng kidn thuc rgng ldn va thdi su, thuc tidn cua cugc sfing Theo tam li hge, hoat dgng dgc giup kich thich cac day than kinh nao bg, ttr dd lam cham lai tidn cua nguy co mat tri nhd, ddng thdi giu eho bd nao hoat dgng gia tang nang lugng va tranh lao hoa Dgc sach ddng nghia vdi vide kham pha nhihig kien thdc, nhdng dieu mdi me, thu vi Qua trinh dgc sach giup ngudi dgc hinh kha nang tu nhay ben, kha nang nhin nhan van dd logic va toan didn; thdng qua each phan tieh van de cua tac gia, ngudi dgc cd the tham khao, van dung vao giai quydt cac tinh hudng thuc tidn cude sdng eua minh Vide dgc cang nhieu khdng nhiing bd sung dugc vdn tu ngu phong phu ma cdn tgo didu kidn cho ngudi dgc lua chgn cac each didn dat hieu qua, tu tin hon giao tidp Chi'nh vi vay, viec phat tridn van hoa dgc dang dugc dat la mgt van de cip bach hidn Thang 11/2015, Bd Van hda - The thao va Du lich da trinh Thu tudng Chinh phu dd an "Phat tridn van hda dgc cgng ddng giai doan Nguyin Trong Hodn 2016-2020, djnh hudng ddn nam 2030" Hudng dng "Ngay dgc saeh thd gidi" (23/4) va "Ngay dgc sach Viet Nam" (21/4) hang nam, "Tuan Id hgc tap suot ddi" (2015) da dugc Bg Giao due va Dao tao (GD&DT) tridn khai vdi chu dd "Chung tay xay dung thu vidn, thudng xuyen dgc nhieu saeh hay", nham muc tieu "Phat tridn kha nang sang tao, ty hge, khuyen khieh hgc tap sudt ddi" Theo do, vide dgc sach va phat trien van hda dgc da cd nhidu khdi sac toan bd he thdng cac eo sd giao due ca nudc Mgt so bien phap phat trien van hoa dgc thong qua doi mdi hoat dgng day hoc theo dinh hirdng phat trien nang luc ngudi hgc Thuc hidn cac hudng dan tai Cong van sd 5555/BGDDT-GDTrH 18/10/2014 Hudng ddn sinh hogt chuyen mon vi doi m&i phucmg phdp dgy hoc vd kiim tra, ddnh gid, Cdng van sd 4509/BGDD-GDTrH 03/9/2015 Hudng ddn thuc hiin nhiim vu gido due Trung hgc ndm hoc 2015-2016 va Cdng van s6 6841/BGDDT-GDTX cua Bd GD&DT ve viic doi mdi thu viin vd phdt triin vdn hoa doc nhd trudng, cd thd tridn khai mgt so bidn phap phat tridn van hda dge thdng qua ddi mdi boat dgng day hgc theo dinh hudng phat trien nang luc ngudi hgc sau: 2.1 Thdng qua doi mdi hinh thuv to ehire vd phuang phdp day hge theo dinh hudng phdt triin ndng luc ngudi hgc I) xay dung ke hoach hudng dati hgc sinh phuang phap dgc sach nham phat trien chuyen mdn cdng nhu dgc sach, bao ndi ehung (kT thuat dgc hidu TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Sd 4(82) ndm 2016 va cip hgc Vi du: ung vdi timg chuong, qua, each hi thu dgc, each su tung phan kidn thuc ehuong trinh dung kdt qua dgc, each lap thu muc tai can dgc loai sach bao gi, d muc nao de li?u tham khao ) Day each dgc sach la cung cd; mdc nao dd md rgng; muc mdt each thuc day hgc sinh tu hgc, ty nao de nang cao phat huy tidm nang, tu phat didn toan 3) Tren co sd soat va ddi chidu didn theo sd thich, nhu cau cua m6i ca vdi ndi dimg chuong trinh cae bg mdn va nhan; vi vay eln phai md cae ldp giao boat dgng giao due, hudng dan hgc sinh due kl nang, phuong phap dgc, phuong each khai thac ngu6n tai nguyen cua thu phap thu thap va xd li thong tin cho hgc vidn; td dd hudng din hgc sinh kdt ndi va sinh Vi dy: d Ida tudi mam non, hgc sinh bd sung gida ngudn tai nguydn thu cd thd dugc nghe, roi phu huynh hudng din each xem truy?n tranh dd hidu, &^ vien vdi ngi dung chuong trinh mdn hgc, thuc dly y thdc ty giac dgc sach, hmh nhd, dd kd Iai dugc chuyen; nhtmg vao tidu hgc, hgc sinh can dMgc giao vidn thdi quen dgc sach dd giai quydt nhi?m vy hge tap Mudn thuc hidn bidn hudng din each dgc sdch, bao, dd hd trg phap nay, hgc sinh cin dugc bidt cac npi vi$e hge d muc cao hon, hgc sinh can dimg sach bao cd thd khai thac t?i thu duge hudng dan each dgc tung loai sach, vidn cua trudng va cua ldp, cac ndi dung bao: each dgc sach lich su khac vdi each cin tim kiem d thu vidn khac hoac trdn dgc sach van hgc, eung khac vdi each dge mtemet Vi dy: lidn quan ddn chuang sach toan hgc Va d miic cao hon nua: thyc vat mdn Sinh hgc can khai dgc tho khac vdi dgc truydn, dgc van thae thdm cac tai lieu gi? Lien quan ddn midu ta khac vdi van kd ehuyen, khac vdi phan van ban nhat dyng mdn Ngu van thuydt minh van eln khai thac tai lieu minh hga/md 2) Theo tinh thin "chuydn giao rdng d dau? nhidm vu hgc tap cho moi hgc sinh", thuc hidn ddi mdi yeu cau chuan bi bai hgc 4) Linh hoat vide lya chgn cua hgc sinh thong qua phidu giao nhidm xay dyng ngi dung chu dd/bai hgc dd to vy hgc t^p de hgc sinh chu dgng khai chuc mgt sd gid hge, bai hgc/hoat dgng thac thdng tin tu vide dgc saeh giao khoa giao dye, su kidn, giao liru, cac cugc thi, va eac loai sach bao tham khao, bd sung cac budi tga dam (cd thd theo djnh ki hoac thay the vide dan thuAn chi ydu chx hang thang hoac theo chu dd nhu: ve dep tra ldi eac cau hdi sach giao khoa cua van hgc khang chidn; tim hieu su da Ngoai vide td chuc cho hgc sinh thue dang sinh hge; cac giai phap ung phd vdi hign eac nhidm vu hgc tap d trdn ldp, eln bidn ddi hau va phdng tranh thidn tai; coi trgng giao nhidm vy va hudng din hanh trang khdi nghidp ) tai thu vidn hge sinh hgc tap d nha theo hudng tang trdn CO sd khai thac hidu qua tai nguyen cudng khai thac kidn thiie, du lidu/ngd cua thu vidn va cac hidu ung kdt hgp cda li|u td eac ngudn sach bao, tai lieu phu cac hinh thuc thd hidn hgp vdi ehuong trinh mdn hgc, ldp hgc 5) Tidp tyc ddi mdi manh me 38 TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM phuang phap day hgc; tang cudng td chuc md hinh trudng hgc kdt noi, day hgc theo dy an, day hgc theo ehu dd, tich hgp lien mdn nham phat huy tinh tich cyc, chu dgng, sang tao va ren luydn phuang phap ty hgc, kha nang van dyng kien thuc, kl nang vao giai quydt cac van de thuc tien; thyc hidn day hge thdng qua di san theo Hudng din s6 73/HD-BGDDTBVHTTDL 16/01/2013 cua Bd GD&DT va Bg Van hoa - Thd thao va Du lich bang each: khuydn khich hgc sinh dgc sach bao md rgng dd ty phat hidn van dd; thdng qua vide giao dd tai, de an, nhidm vu nghidn cuu khoa hgc ung dyng cung vdi cac ggi y vd each thiic giai quydt vin de eho hge sinh 6) Dd dap ling "nhu cau phat tridn va phat huy tiem nang sang tao eua moi ea nhan", day manh vide hinh va to chuc hidu qua cac Ioai hinh sinh hoat cau lgc bg "Em ydu khoa hge" va xay dyng cung nhu su dung hidu qua cac tu sach chuyen de nhu tu sach "STEM", "Lieh su va van hda", "Vat li vui", "Thudng thiic phap luat", "Toan hgc va tudi tre", "Van hgc va tudi tre" thu hut hgc sinh tham gia thuyet trinh, bao cao, chia sd kdt qua nghien cuu 2.2 Thdng qua doi mdi hogt dgng kiem tra ddnh gid iheo dinh hudng phdt trien nang lire ngudi hge 1) Khuyen khich hgc sinh dgc sach thdng qua vide kdt hgp mdt each hgp li gida kiem tra Ii thuyet va kidm tra thuc hanh cac bai kiem tra; tidp tyc nang cao ydu cau van dung kidn thde lidn mdn vao thyc tidn; tang cudng cac cau hdi md, gin vdi thdi sy qud huong, dat nudc Nguyen Trgng Hodn ddi vdi eae mdn khoa hgc xa hdi va nhan van dd hgc sinh duge bay td chinh kidn cua minh ve eac van de kinh te, chinh tri, xa hgi Muon thuc hidn ydu cau nay, tranh cae eau hdi hudng vao danh gid sy ghi nhd may moc; ma can cac cau hoi hudng ngudi hgc vao suy nghT, tim tdi, sang tao Vi du: tu bai hgc vd chu dd gia dinh, hay neu suy nghT ve van nan bao lye gia dinh dugc phan anh trdn cac phuong tien thdng tin dai chung gan day? (mdn Giao due edng dan); tu cac tae pham van hgc da hgc va da dgc, hay trinh bay suy nghT cua minh vd van dd binh dang gidi? (mdn Ngu van); tu cac bai hgc ehuong trinh, hay phan tich va dd xuat giai phap ngan chan nguy ca gay d nhiem mdi trudng (mon Hoa hge, Sinh hgc ) 2) Thue day boat dgng dgc eua hgc sinh thong qua ddi mdi each thdc kidm tra danh gia: khuyen khich hgc sinh dgc sach bao md rgng de cap nhat thdng tin hd so hge tap, vd hge tap; qua vide hgc sinh bao cao kdt qua thyc hidn mgt du an hgc tap, nghien cuu khoa hgc, kT thuat, bao cao kdt qua thye hanh, thi nghidm; danh gia qua bai thuydt trinh (bai viet, bai trinh chidu, video clip ) vd kdt qua thye hidn nhidm vu hgc tap; qua tham gia Cugc thi nghien eiiu khoa hgc kT thuat theo Cdng van sd 3162/BGDDTGDTrH 24/6/2015 cua Bg GD&DT va Cugc thi van dung kidn thdc lien mdn dd giai quydt cac vin de thuc tidn danh cho hgc sinh trung hgc theo Cdng van sd 3790/BGDDT-GDTrH 29/7/2015 3) Tich cue td ehiic hoat ddng dd xuat va lua ehgn, hoan thidn cac cau hdi 39 TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM bai tap kidm tra theo djnh hudng phat tridn nang lye dd bd sung cho thu vidn cau hdi cua trudng Tang cudng xay dyng ngudn hge lieu md (thu vidn hgc lieu) vd eau hdi, bai tap, dd thi, kd hoach bai hgc, tai lieu tham khao cd chat lugng trdn website cua Bd (tai dia chi http://truongkocketnoi edu vn), cua sd/phdng GD&DT va cac trudng hgc Tang cudng danh gia sy van dyng kidn thuc chuong trinh gjao due phd thdng vao thyc tidn ddi sdng; tiep tyc md rgng quy md va mue thudng xuydn gan kdt ydu cau va phara vi van dd kidm tra danh gia kdt qua hgc tap cua hgc sinh theo chuang trinh giao due thdng vdi nhiing van dd thdi sy eua qud huong dlt nudc va qude td thd hien qua sy cap nhat thdng tin khai thac, tong hgp tu nhidu ngudn tai lidu, sach bao ngoai ehuang trinh xay dyng dd thi, kidm tra theo ma tran Vi dy: yeu cau hgc sinh trinh bay thai trudc sy kien Trung Qudc dat gian khoan HD981 trai phep, vi pham chd quydn cua nude ta {Bh thi tdt nghiep Trung hgc thdng nam 2014); ydu eau hgc sinh thd hidn tmh cam eua Sd 4(82) ndm 2016 minh ddi vdi ngudi Hnh dao qua mot doan tho cua Trin Dang Khoa (Dd thi Trung hgc phd thdng qudc gia nam 2015) Kk luan Mortimer J Adler - tac gia cua tac phim kinh didn vd dgc sach thdng minh da tdng khing djnh: "Dgc tdt, hay dpc tich cyc, khdng chi tdt cho ban than viec dgc, ciing khdng chi la mdt phuong tien giup ta tien bg cdng viee hay nghe nghidp Nd edn giup ta giu cho tri 6c sdng va phdt tridn" Nghi quydt sd 29-NQ/TW 4/11/2013 eua Dang ve ddi mdi can ban, toan didn giao due va dao tao da ndu quan didm: "Tap trung day each hpc, each nghT, khuydn khieh ty hgc, tao co sd dd ngudi hgc ty cap nhat va ddi mdi tri thdc, kT nang, phat tridn nang lyc" Theo dd, vide ddi mdi hinh thuc hinh thiic td chue va phuong phap day hgc, kidm tra danh gia theo dinh hudng phat tridn nang lyc ngudi hgc cd y nghTa thidt diyc gop phan phat tridn van hda dgc nha trudng ddng thdi giup hgc sinh ren luydn nang lyc ty hge va hgc tap suot ddi TAI Lifiu THAM KHAO H6 Chi Minh, Vi vdn di gido due, Nxb Giao dye, 1990 Nguyen Canh Toan (ehu bien) (1997), Qud trinh dgy-tu hgc, Nxb Giao due Richard Paul, Linda Elder (2015), Cam nang tu doc, Nxb Tdng hgp Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh Mortuner J Adler, Charles Van Doren (2015), Phuongphdp dgc sdch hieu qug Nxb Dai hgc Kinh td Qudc dan Bg Giao due va Dao tao (2015), Ki yeu Hgi thdo "Phdt triin vdn hda doc nhd trudng vd cong ddng " (Ngiy Tda so^n nl^$n 6iigc bii: 20-02-2016; ngiy phin bi^n dinh gii: 31-3-2016, ngiy chip nh$n ding: 20-4-2016) 40 ... kdt qua thye hanh, thi nghidm; danh gia qua bai thuydt trinh (bai viet, bai trinh chidu, video clip ) vd kdt qua thye hidn nhidm vu hgc tap; qua tham gia Cugc thi nghien eiiu khoa hgc kT thuat theo. .. tridn van hda dge thdng qua ddi mdi boat dgng day hgc theo dinh hudng phat trien nang luc ngudi hgc sau: 2.1 Thdng qua doi mdi hinh thuv to ehire vd phuang phdp day hge theo dinh hudng phdt triin... bao cao, chia sd kdt qua nghien cuu 2.2 Thdng qua doi mdi hogt dgng kiem tra ddnh gid iheo dinh hudng phdt trien nang lire ngudi hge 1) Khuyen khich hgc sinh dgc sach thdng qua vide kdt hgp mdt