MOT S6 MO HINH PHAT TRIEN * NGHE NGHIEP GIAO VIEN O ThS NGUYEN HQU DQ'''' 1 Phdt tr ien ngh^ nghi§p g ido vidn ca bdn cua ngh4 dqy hoc; Phdt huy tinh linh hoqt (NNGV) CO lien quan den viec nang cao hiSu[.]
MOT S6 MO HINH PHAT TRIEN * NGHE NGHIEP GIAO VIEN O Phdt trien n g h ^ nghi§p g i d o vidn (NNGV) CO lien quan den viec nang cao hiSu qud Idm viec cua gido vien (GV) D6 Id kg't qud md mot GV dqt duqc qud trinh hoc tdp, nghiSn cuu, tich luy ki§'n thuc vd kinh nghiSm mdt cdch cd he thd'ng Tuy nhidn, cdn mot khio cqnh nua can phdi duqc quan tdm d l cap klidi niem phdt trien NNGV Khia cqnh ndy lien quan den viec ung ho su phdt trien nghi nghiep Id viec cho phep cd su chuyen djch ve vol trd, vjtrixd hoi coo vd trdch nhlem do! vdi nghe dqy hoc cua GV Ngudi GV thdnh cong phdt trien nghe nghiep khdng chi Id ngudi cd hieu qud gidng dqy cao md cdn Id ngudi biet hudng dan, tu van cd ket qud ve lao ddng nghe nghiep cho dong nghiep Vdi quan niem todn dien ve phdt trien NNGV neu tren, nhieu md hinh phdt trien NNGV xud't hien vd dem Iqi nhung ket qud khd quan trqng viec ho trq qud trinh phdt trien nghe nghiep cua GV Bdi Viet de cap mot so' md hinh phdt trien NNGV duqc nhieu qudc gia tren the gIdi thuc hien Cdc md hinh phdt trien NNGV tuong dd'i 6a dqng, duqc phdt trien vd thuc hien d nhieu qudc glo de phdt huy vd ho trq GV phdt trien nghe nghiep tu ho bdt ddu khdi nghiep den nghi huu Diem chung nhd't de nhqn thdy cua cdc md hinh Id tfnh myc dich cua nd Cdc md hinh deu hudng den myc dich phdt trien nghe nghiep cho GV Theo do, viec dua cdc tieu chi de djnh hudng cdc chuong trinh phdt triln nghi nghiep cua GV Id rd't quan trqng Theo Little (1992), phdt trien nghe nghiep cho GV ddl hdi phdi cd su gia tdng v l kien thuc, cdc kT ndng, phdn dodn (lien quan den cdc vd'n de lop hoc) vd cd su ddng gdp cua cdc GV dd'i vdi cong dong dqy hoc Leithwood (1992) cho rang, cdc chuong trinh nham myc dich phdt trien nghi cho GV nen tap trung vdo cdc vd'n de sou: - Phdt trien cdc kt ndng song; Trd thdnh ngudi cd ndng luc dd'i vol cdc kT ndng ThS NGUYEN H Q U DQ' ca bdn cua ngh4 dqy hoc; - Phdt huy tinh linh hoqt cua ngi/di gidng dqy; Co chuyen mon gidng dqy; 06ng gdp vdo sir phdt trien nghe nghiep cua dong nghif p; - Thuc hiSn voi trd lanh dqo vd tham gia vdo viec quyit djnh Mot so'vi du v4 tieu chi djnh hudng cdc chuong trinh phdt triln NNGV neu tren cho thay, phdt triln NNGV cd the duqc thuc hien mot cdch co chu djnh hodc khong chu djnh Khong it nhung trudng hop, nhieu hoqtdqng duoc thi/c hien lien quan ddn GV (hodc duqc thuc hien bdi GV) nhung khdng cd chu y thuc hien cdc tieu chi cua phdt trien NNGV Tuy nhien, neu cdc hoqt dong neu duqc djnh hudng tu trudc bdi muc dich phdt trien NNGV thi hieu qud cua cdc hoqt dong se cao hon rdt nhilu Ndl cdch khdc, cdn quan tdm den nhung ca hoi md d GV cd the phdt trien nghe nghiep cua bdn thdn Cdc cahqi phat trien nghe nghiep cd the duqc tqo cung luc bdi cdc GV vd nhung ngudi ho trq, hoqc bdi cdch luo chqn tap trung vdo mot nhiem vy mdi md GV thu vol viec hqe ve no, hoqc bang cdch tap trung vdo thuc hdnh md GV thuc hi§n mot cdch deu ddn nhung muon cd su thay doi Ddy chinh Id nhung gqi y true tiep cho su hinh thdnh vd phdt trien cdc md hinh phdt trien NNGV thuc tien Theo Eleonora Vlllegass-Reimers (2003), co the sdp xep cdc md hinh phdt trien NNGV thdnh nhdm Nhdm thu nhd't, cdc md hinh cdc to chuc nhd't dmh hoqc cdc to chuc lien ket vdi nham hoqt ddng cd hieu qud, hay cdn gqi Id mo hinh to* chuc hqp tdc Nhdm thu mieu td cdc mo hinh md cd the duqc thuc hien vdi quy md nho (trudng hqe, lop hqe ) hay cdn gqi Id md hinh nhdm nhd hoqc rieng le Nhdm md hinh hqp tdc to chuc de cap cdc md hinh nhu: cdc trudng hoc phdt trien nghe; * Sdi Giao due va Dao tao Ha No! Tap clii Giao due so (ki i - 7/2011} mdi quan he hqp tdc glua trudng hoc vd trudng dqi hqe khdc; su hqp tdc khdc giua cdc co sd ddo tqo; mqng ludi cdc trudng hoc phd' thdng; mqng ludl cdc GV Nhdm md hinh nhdm nhd hoqc rieng le cd cdc md hinh nhu: hdi thdo, hdi nghj, cdc khoa hqe ; nghien cuu dua tren cdc trudng hqp cy the; phdt trien hqp tdc; su tham gia cua GV cdc vol trd mdi; cd nhdn tu djnh hudng phdt trien; du gid vd gdp y kien; tham gia vdo qud trinh doi mdi gido dye; thuc hien cdc nghien cuu Idp hqe; tham gia tdp hud'n; hudng dan, tu vd'n Md hinh cd nhdn tu dinh huang phdt then GV dqt nhung myc tieu phdt trien nghi nghiep cho bdn thdn, tu hoqch djnh nhung hoqt ddng bdi dudng cd nhdn vd cdch thuc de dqt nhung myc tieu dd Mdi GV tu tqo cho minh mdt ddng CO hqe tdp, phdt trien nghi nghiep Co sd If ludn cua md hinh ndy Id tu djnh hudng phdt trien nghi nghiep se giup GV gIdi quyet duqc cdc vd'n 6e hq gap phdi gidng dqy, tu dd tqo nen mdt y thuc v l viec phdt trien nghi nghiep Trong md hinh phdt trien nghi ngdy, cdc GV xde djnh mdt myc tieu md hq cho Id quan trqng vol hq - cd the Id quan trqng dd'i vdi cd nhdn hay quan trqng ddl vdi nhdm nhd, llet ke cdc hoqt ddng md hq se thuc hien de dqt duqc myc tieu, cdc nguon luc cdn cd de thuc hien vd cdch thuc Hen hdnh dequd trinh thuc hien cua hq vd nhung thdnh tuu hq dqt duqc se duoc ddnh gid Trong trudng hqp ndy, GV chju trdch nhlem v l su phdt trien cua ehfnh bdn thdn hq vd voi trd cua nhung nhd qudn li vd gIdm sdt Id tqo d i l u kien, hudng ddn vd ho trq su phdt trien Dua cdc phdn hdi mang tinh khdeh quan Id dilu cdn thiet neu md hinh ndy hoqt ddng hieu qud Vi dy v l md hinh phdt trien nghi ndy ed the thdy d Nhdt Bdn, noi tien hdnh cuqc dieu tra 3987 GV nam 1981, vd hon nua sd' GV d ddy dd hoqt ddng tich cue cdc nhdm nghien cuu tinh nguyen, mdt qud trinh phdt trien mang tfnh tu djnh hudng (Shlmoharo, 1995) Vf dy khdc Id v l du dn duqc thuc hien cud'i nhung nam 1980 Wideen (1992) trinh bdy Theo du dn ndy, mdt thdnh vien cua trudng hqe phd' thdng duqc ho trq bdi trudng hqe tqo mdt bd'l ednh md d dd su phdt trien nghi cho GV dien mdt cdch tu nhien khudn khd' trudng hqe Du dn trinh bdy cdch thuc md bdn thdn md hinh phdt trien sud't glal doqn thuc hien md hinh bdi md Tap ciii Giao due so (ki i 7/2011) hinh phdn ung Iqi cdc luc luqng mdi trudng vd luc luqng ben ngodi vd phdn ung Iqi mdi quan tdm vd nhu cdu ben ngodi duqc cdc djnh bdi cdc GV Hieu trudng dua hudng dan nhqn thuc chung vd ho trq v l mdi trudng no! md cdc cuqc thu ngliiem duqc cho phep Cdc GV vd cdc nhd qudn If cung ty hqp thudng xuyen de noi tdi, len ke hoqch, thdo ludn cdc sdng kien vd ddnh gid nhung tdc ddng Cdc cuqc gap go ndy Idm ndy sinh muc cao hon cua viec hqp tdc, giao tilp vd su tin tudng Md hinh tham gia vdo qud trinh doi mdi Qud trinh phdt trien nghi nghiep nhd trudng bao gdm viec ddnh gid cdc phuong phdp dqy hqe hien dang su dyng vd xem xet cdc khd khdn phdt sinh su dyng nhung phuong phdp ndy Nhung khd khdn ndy cd the duqc thuc hien thdng qua viec cdi tien chuong trinh ddo tqo, thiet ke chuang trinh hoqc thay dd'i phuong phdp dqy hoc Quo viec tham gia cdc Idp tdp hud'n, hdi thdo, dqc tdi lieu vd thuc nghiem dd'i mdi gido dye, GV se duqc bj kien thuc, kl ndng mdi phyc vy tdt hon cho cong viec cua hq Md hinh thuc hien cdc nghien cuu Idp hge GV nghien cuu viec su dyng cdc phuong phdp dqy hqe cua minh Md hinh nghien cuu ndy boo gdm: xde djnh vd'n de nghien cuu, thu thdp sd' lieu, phdn tich sd' ll§u vd thuc hien thay ddl v l phuong phdp dqy hoc vd sou dd thu thdp them sd' lieu de so sdnh, dd'i chleu Cdng viec ndy cd the GV hoqc nhdm GV thuc hien Md hinh nghien cuu duqc xdy dung tren quan niem cho rang mdt nhung bleu hien cua mdt GV cd trinh chuyen mdn gidI Id khd ndng biet soi rql, ddnh gid hieu qud cdng viec cua ehfnh minh Md hinh mgng ludi GV Mqng ludi cua cdc GV tqo dilu kien cho cdc GV xich Iqi gdn de gIdi quyet cdc vd'n de md hq gap phdi cdng viec, vd nhd dd ed the phdt trien duqc su nghiep rieng cua moi ngudi vdi tu each Id cdc cd nhdn hay vdi tu cdch Id nhdm GV Cdc mqng ludi ndy cd the duqc tqo mdt cdch tuong dd'i khdng chinh thuc thdng qua ede cuqc hqp thudng ki giua cdc GV; hoqc chinh thuc thdng qua viec thiet Idp cdc md'l quan he, giao Hep vd hdi thoqi (Lleberman, 1999) Huberman (2001) trinh bdy cy the tdm quan trqng cua viec su dyng mqng ludl GV nhu mdt hinh thuc ho trq GV phdt trien nghe nghiep bang viec dua md hinh cd lien quan den cdc GV cung mdt trudng vd khdc trudng, cdc GV cd cung cap v l trinh do, cung mdn hoc hay cung thye hien cdc hoqt ddng Huberman cung dua nhung Idp ludn ch6c ch6n v l tam quan trqng cua viec mqng ludi duqc qudn If bdi chinh cdc GV vd rdng mqng ludi Idm ndy sinh qud trinh md d dd cdc GV ed the giao tllp, dua cdc vd'n d l , quan sdt cdng viec cua nhung ngudi khdc vd duo hq xfeh Iqi gdn dy nhilu khu vuc khdc cua the gidi, nhilu mqng ludi GV hoqt ddng hieu qud Laurlalo (1998) Viet v l cdc nhdm GV vd mqng ludi mdi duqc thdnh Idp khudn khd' nhilu trudng phd' thdng Phdn Lan de ung hq cho qud trinh phdt triln nghi nghiep cua GV Md hinh ndy tung phdt trien thdnh cdng vd duqc thuc hien bdi cdc GV Nhdt Bdn Cdc mqng ludi td' chuc cdc cuqc hdi thdo thudng ki, xud't bdn tqp chi vd td' chuc khodng 200 hdi thdo mua he moi ndm Mqng ludl cung td' chuc cdc du dn nhu: bdi hqe nghien cuu, mdt md hinh phdt trien nghi nghiep noi md cdc nhdm GV Idm viec cung mdt vdi tudn, ddl Id vdi thdng de chudn bj cdc bdi hqe mdu trinh bdy trudc ede GV khdc trudng, hay thdm chf trinh bdy trudc cdc GV trudng khdc vd khu vuc khdc (Newcomb, 1998) Tang cirong boi dirong (Tiep theo trang 10) Hinh thuc BD llnh ddng, ndl dung hodn cdnh md thay ddl, ed luc BD cho ddng ddo tdp the GV, ed luc phdi tdeh BD tung to, ed luc Iqi td' chuc BD rieng cho mdt so it ngudi Dilu kien thuc hien bien phdp: Ldnh dqo nhd trudng cdn thuc su quan tdm den van d l trinh CNTT cua CB, GV, col viec thieu hyt kien thuc v l CNTT Id mdt phdn trdch nhiem cua nhd trudng, cd ke hoqch BD ddi hoi, llnh hoqt viec dua cdc chuong trinh DT phu hqp vdi y§u cau eua tung GV cy the Tqo dilu kien cd du v l co sd vqt chdt (phdn cung vd phan mim) qud trinh BD, ed du nguon tdi ehfnh de to chuc Idp hqe, trd luong cho GV tham gia DT, BD ho trq kinh phi cho hqe vien, bdo hdnh, bdo tri mdy thuc hdnh ludn hoqt dqng tdt phu hqp vol thuc tien Viec kiem sodt vd ddnh gid cdn duqc thdng qua ede ki sdt hqch, kiem tra nghiem tuc vd Su ddi eua Nhdm dieu tra ve GV Id mdt hinh thi>c khdc eua md hinh mqng ludi GV Nhdm dilu tra v l GV bao g6m nhung ngudi thudng xuySn tap hqp Iqi de ddnh gid mdt cdch can thorn kiln thuc su phqm, nllm Hn vd thuc thdnh cua chinh hq vd cdc thdnh vien khdc, bdi vi ho Idm viec cung vdi Id de thay doi Sy phdt triln da dqng cdc md hinh phdt triln NNGV khdng ehi phdn dnh Hnh dqng phdt triln NNGV md cdn Id mdt minh chung cd gid trj v l tam quan trqng cua phdt trien NNGV Nhilu qu^c gia tr§n the gidi ddnh si/ quan tdm ddc bidt cho viSc nghlSn cuu phdt triln NNGV vi hq y thuc sdu sdc v l vol trd kep eua GV qud trinh 66i mdi gido dye GV Id nhdn td quon trqng tqo su thay dd'i eua gido dye vd chinh hq cung can phdi duqc thay ddi Q Tdi li^u tham khao Nguyfin Ttij H6ng Nam - Trjnti QuO'c Lap - Bui Lan Ciii "Pliit triiJn ctiuyen m6n giio vifin: nli(hig vin dd li tiiuy^t \ii Icinli ngiiiem ttiuc tifin" Ki y€u H^ithdo qud'c gia vi Khoa hge gido due Viit Nam, BO GD-DT, Hal Ptibng 2011 Eleonora Vlllegass-Reimers Teactier professional develment: an international review of tlie literature UNSSCO: International Institute for Educational Planning, 2003 cdng bd' cdng khal ket qud BD don vj nhd trudng Tdng eudng BD ndng cao trinh ung dyng CNTT DH cho CB, GV ket hqp vdi viec thuc hien ddng bd cdc bien phdp phdt trien ung dyng CNTT DH se gdp phdn thuc da'y hoqt dong ung dyng CNTT DH, tu dd ndng cao chat luqng DT d Trudng CDSPTW • Tdi li^u tham khao D^ng QuO'c Bko Cdch lii'p cdn gido due bdi cdnh hi^n (tdi lieu bOi duOng) Trudng Can bO quan li GD-DT, Hd Noi 1998 Trin Bd Hodnti Dinh hudng cabdn vi dgy hoc tich c^rc D\f dn ddo tao giao viftn, Hd NOi, 2003 Pti6 Dure Hod - NgO Quang Sorn Ung dung c6ng ngh£ thdng tin day hoc tich cue NXB Gido due H 2008 Ddng Thdnh Hung Day hoc hi#n dai (Li ludn - BiSn phdp - Ki thudt) NXB Dgi hoc qudc gia, H 2002 Pham Vi^t Vuqng Nguygn Xudn Thuc Phuimg phap nghien cihi khoa hoc NXB Dgi hoc suphgm, H.1996 Tap ciii Giao due so (ki i 7/2011)