DOI Mdi PHU''''dNG PHAP DAY HOC TRONG TRU''''dNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG TIEP CAN TU GOC D O QUAN LI O ThS, [I THI THU HANG * 1 Vd i net v l thuc trong hoot ddng ddi mdi nhilu bdt cdp Od Id 1) Phuong phdp thuyl[.]
DOI Mdi PHU'dNG PHAP DAY HOC TRONG TRU'dNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG - TIEP CAN TU GOC D O QUAN LI O Vd i net v l thuc hoot ddng ddi mdi phuong phdp dqy hpe "(PPDH) tqi cdc trudng THPT d nude to Vi§t Nam, vdn de ddl mdi PPDH dugc quy djnh Ludt Gido dye vd Chi^n luqc phdt trien gido dye Chuong trinh gido dye phd thdng ban hdnh k6m theo Quyi't dinh sd 16/2006/ BGD&DT ngdy 05/5/2006 cuo Bd h-udng Bd GDDT dd neu cy thi nhung dinh hudng ddl mdi PPDH h-ong moi mdn hpe Nhdng ndm vua quo, dudi sy chi dpo eua Bd GD-DT vd cdc sd GD-DT, ede nhd trudng phd thdng tdng eudng ddl mdi PPDH theo hudng phdt huy hnh ehu ddng sdng too, ren luyen ndng lye ty hpe eua hpe sinh (HS), khdc phyc hnh trpng dqy hpe (DH) mdt cdch thy ddng Nhilu dja phuong dd hudng dan cho gido vien (GV) cdch td chuc cdc hoat ddng nhdn thuc eua HS; tich eye su dyng thiet bi DH hien dqi ddng thdi khai thdc cdc thilt bj DH son ed cua nhd hvdng de phyc vy gidng dpy Tqi nhilu h-udng, hieu trudng dd tieh eye to chuc hoqt ddng ddi mdi PPDH vd cdc hoat ddng lien quan nhu xdy dyng dpi ngu GV; to chuc dy gid trao doi rut kinh nghidm gidng dqy d cdc to chuyen mon, to chuc hpi thdo cdp trudng, cym trudng, dja phuong, hpi thi GV gidi cdc cdp; tdng eudng eo sd vqt chdt, thiet bi^ DH, day mqnh ung dyng cdng nghe thdng hn; bdi dudng, tdp hudn ve PPDH vd tqo mdi truong DH thuqn Ipri hon eho GV; dpng vien khen thuong ki.p thoi cac don vj, cd nhan co thonh tich Nhieu hpi thoo, tqp huan ve doi moi PPDH cung da duoc to chuc va dem oi hieu qua tdt ô' L^ ã: ;ôã *' ••o'l » L • iL-.' Ket qua cno thay, neu nho truonq to chuc tot - ^^ 4-.' / n n r M i - ' «' I «' I r^i i cdng toe md PPDH tdt yeu chdt uonq DH ^ •' J A~ -i , ' - - " ^ " » ' ' " va giao dye da duqc edi tfi.en ro re^ Tuy nhien, thye te mqc du da dqt dupe nhung ket quo buoc dau rat kho quon, song viec ddi mdi PPDH gido dye phd thdng vdn cdn ThS, [I THI THU HANG * nhilu bdt cdp Od Id: 1) Phuong phdp thuylt h-inh, "thdng bdo" tri thuc cuo GV van Id PPDH dupe s«> dyng ehu y l u ede nhd hvdng; viee su dyng ede PPDH phdt huy Knh tich cue, h/ luc va sdng tqo cung nhu phdi hop cdc PPDH ehua dupe thudng xuy§n dd hqn c h l hoqt ddng tfch eye cua HS; 2) Viee su dyng ede phuong tien DH mdi, ung dyng CNTT bde Id nhung khiem khuylt, nhieu luc chua hprp li nen hieu qud ehua cao; 3) Yeu edu gdn ndi dung DH vdi cdc hnh hudng thuc hen chua dugc GV chu trpng; viec DH thye hdnh, DH thdng quo cdc hoqt ddng thye hen it dugc thuc hien; 4) Viee ren luyen cho HS phuong phdp ty hpe, khd ndng hpp tde vd khd ndng vdn dyng hi thue lien mdn d l gidi quyet cdc ehu de phuc hpp gan vdi thye tiln ehua dupe ehu y dung muc He qud tdt y l u Id nhilu HS hpe tap cdn mang h'nh thy ddng, khd ndng sdng too vd ndng luc van dyng tri thue dd hpe de gidi quyet cdc Hnh hudng thye hin cudc sdng cd nhung hqn che Nhung tdn toi neu tren bdt ngudn h> cac nguyen nhdn: 1) Nhdn thuc v l sy cdn thilt phdi Jg'j ^ d i PPDH cua cdn bd qudn li gido due (CBQLGD), GV ehua eao, y" thuc doi mdi PPDH cua GV edn han che; 2) GV cdn thu ddng, cd tdm |( ^^-^ ^^oy ddV cdc PPDH; 3) Kiln thuc, „Q„g j ^ ^ ^^^ ^^-^^^ Qy ^4 pp^H mdi cd nhOng ^d'^ ^^^ 4) Q.^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^ ^j^^^ phy^ng Hen ^ H nhilu noi thilu thdn hodc thilu ddng bo; 5, ^S vdn mang tdm li hoc di 'ddi phd' vdi thi ^ ^ ^^ ^, y.^ ^ilm tro, thi cu, ddnh gia kit qud hoc tdp cuo HS chua duoc ddi mdi, khong 11 -' l i i" oorAu 4- L T L - *Ua« khuyen Ichich PPDH hch cue Tuy nhien, theo L' 1.- ' *» ^ "L-^ _ J5« chuno toi, CO mot nouyen nhon quon don A-' L ô F VX ã I- L * i J A „ « den thuc h-ong lo cong kie quon ll hoot dong ^^ ^^^ bigtfe vi§e qudn li dd?mdl PPDH, kilm ^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^ „ ^d Id nhung thilu sdt ; * Bo Giao due va Bao tao Tap ciii Giao due so (ki 6/2011) V l viec tdng eudng qudn li ddi mdi PPDH d trudng THPT Ddi mdi PPDH cdc trudng phd thdng Id vdn d l dd dugc Ddng, Nhd nude vd ngdnh gido dye quon tdm vd dupe d l cdp nhieu Idn cdc vdn kien Dqi hdi Ddng, Ludt Gido dye Kit ludn eua Bd Chfnh trj v l hip tyc thye hien Nghi quyltTW (khod VIII), phuong hudng phdt triln gido dye vd ddo tqo d i n ndm 2020 chi rd: «Tie'p tyc ddi mdi phuong phdp dgy vd hge, khac phyc ca bdn ldi truyen thy mdt chiiu Phdt huy PPDH tich eye, sdng tgo, hgp tdc; gidm thdi gian gidng li thuyet, tdng thdi gian tu hge, hr tim hieu eho HS, SV; gan bd chdt che giCra hge li thuyet vd thye hdnh, ddo tgo gdn vdi nghien cuu khoa hge, sdn xudt vd ddi sd'ng" (1) Sy ddi mdi ndy khdng ed nghTo Id thoy t h i cdc PPDH hien dang su dyng bdng nhung PPDH hodn todn mdi, md Id nhung hopt ddng rdt da dqng, linh ddng vd mem deo nhu: cdi hin ede PPDH truyln thdng; kit hpp sy da dpng cua cdc PPDiH mpt gid len Idp; vdn dyng mdt sd quan dilm, kT thudt DH tfch eye vdo frong gidng day; tdng eudng su dyng phuong Hen DH; day mqnh ung dyng edng nghe DH mdi dyo tren nln CNTT vd truyln thdng; ehu trpng su dyng ede PPDH theo ddc thu cua h>ng bd mdn; tdng eudng bdi dudng phuong phdp hpe tdp cho HS; cdi hin phuong thue kilm tro ddnh gid HS h-ong DIH, ^ Theo chung tdi, dd'i vdi moi GV, viec ddi mdi PPDH h-ong thdi gion tdi cdn duqc thye hien theo ede hudng sau: 1) Bdm sdt myc Heu gido dye phd thdng, qudn triet^trong mdi ldp_^hpe, moi phdn, mdi chuong, moi chu d l vd mdi bdi hpe d l su dyng PPDH phu hop; 2) Lya chpn vd su dyng cdc PP mdt cdch phu hop vdi: ndi dung DH ey the cuo mdi chuong, mdi chu d l , moi bdi len Idp; hnh hinh co so vdt chdt, dieu kien DH eua nhd trudngj dqc dilm luo^tudi hpe sinh cdp THPT; trinh dp tilp thu cuo moi loqi ddi tuqng HS d h>ng vung, miln, HS ddn toe, ; viee ddi mdi kilm tra, ddnh gid kit qud DH; 3) Kit hqp giua viec hip thu vd su dyng cd chpn Ipc, ed hieu qud cdc PPDH Hen hin, hiSn dqi vdi viec khai thde nhOng y l u td tfch eye eua cdc PPDH truyln thong; 4) Tdng eudng su dyng ede phuong tipn thiet bj DH, CNTT vd truyln thdng mdt cdch hprp If vd hieu qud Rieng vdi cdc trudng THPT, trpng tdm cua hopt ddng ddl mdi PPDH Id cdn tdng eudng edng tde qudn li ddi mdi PPDH, dd quan tdm trien khal ddng bd mdt sd gidi phdp sou: Tap clii Giao due so (ki 2-6/2011) 1) Ddi mdi viec lap ke hogch Ddy Id khdu quan trpng nhdt qud trinh qudn If ddi mdi PPDH, nhdm xde dmh he thdng myc tieu, noi dung, phuong phdp, hinh thuc hopt ddng; cdc bien pndp, ngudn lye edn thilt; cdc budc thye hien d l dot dupe yeu cdu eua hoqt ddng ddi mdi PPDH mpt hpe ki, mdt ndm hpe hodc mdt giai doan phdt triln nhdt djnh eua nhd trudng Cd t h i ndl, gidi phdp ndy Id " n l n tdng" cua qudn If ddi mdi PPDH, Id sy quylt dmh lya chpn "Id trinh" ddi mdi PPDH nen ddi hdi mdi nhd trudng, moi td chuyen mdn, tung CBQLGD, GV vd HS phdi tudn theo nhdm hodn thdnh ede myc tieu ddi mdi PPDH 2) Td chuc tdt viec thye hien ke hogch de Ddy dugc coi nhu mdt "cdng cy" quan trpng cua qudn If ddi mdi PPDH nhdm dqt dugc myc tieu hudng d i n Trong edng tdc xdy dyng k l hoqch ddi mdi PPDH, mdc du hieu trudng, td trudng chuyen mdn hav moi GV dd xdy dyng cho minh dugc k l hoaeh tdt, nhung neu td chuc thye hien khdng phCi hpp thi cung khdng t h i thye hien dupe nhiem vy ddi mdi PPDH dqt hieu qud cao nhdt Do vdy, CBQLGD, GV cdn Idm tdt edng tdc td chuc thye hien k l hoqch ddi mdi PPDH dd |gp 3) Tdng eudng edng tdc chi dgo eua hieu trudng viec thye hien ke hogch nhdm thuc ddy, ndng cao sy nhiet hnh, ty gidc, nd lye phdn ddu cua CBQLGD, GV vd HS nhd trudng ^i dot dugc myc tieu ddl mdi PPDH Vai trd eua CBQL ndi chung, hieu trudng ndi rieng Id phdi chuyin duqc y tudng cua minh thdnh nhdn thuc, h^mh ddng ey t h i eua GV vd HS ddi mdi 4) Tdng eudng cdng tde kiem tra ddnh gid fhye hien ke hogch ddi mdi PPDH cua GV vd HS nhdm "do ludng" vd "dilu ehinh" kip thdi ede hoqt ddng ddi mdi PPDH nhd trudng, khdc pf,yc hpn chl, phdt huy uu dilm d l thye hien cdc ^luc heu de 5) Ddng vien, tgo ddng lye kich thich dgng ea Jgy vd hge cua GVvd HS nhdm thye hien tdt ede j^g' haqch, myc Heu ddi mdi Bgn eanh dd, de tao ehuyin biln mdi eho yjg^ ddi mdi PPDH vd qudn If doi mdi PPDH d ^dc trudng THPT thdi gian hSi, cdn quan | Q ^ ^^UC hien tdt cdc nhlem vy dudi ddy /; Tdng eudng cong tdc tuyen hvyin, vdn ddng ^hdm ndng eao nhdn thuc eua CBQLGD, GV vd HS v l yeu edu, ndi dung, phudng thuc vd trdch (Xem tie'p trang 37} "^ Tinh tieh eye, sdng tpo hpe tdp vd hidu ra, GV cd t h i trd ldi, gqi y cho SV trd ldi hodc gidi thieu tdi lieu d l SV \u nghidn cuu Khdng qud gidi quylt vdn d l ; - Khuyin khfch SV su dyng ndu nhung cdu hdi md cdu trd ldi ehi Id nhdc lqi phuong hen DH qud trinh t h i hidn.Q nhung vd'n de hrong tdi lieu 6) Ddnh gid (DG) ket qud mdn hge Id DG Tii lifu tham khSo ed qud trinh vd coi y thuc thdi ngudi BO GD-DT Vi hi thdng tin chi hge t^p (Tii li^u sir hge Vide DG SV theo tinh thdn hoc den ddu DG dyng nOi bO) ddn dd: CXJ gid thudng xuydn, giCki ki, cudi ki Chi thj 296/CT-TTg, ngiy 27/2/2010 v6 Ddi m&i DG dya trdn nhilu Hdu chi: Sy hidn didn cua qudn li gido d{te dgi hge giai dogn 2010-2012 SV frdn Idp hoc tfn chi mdn hpe; Vide chudn bj NgO Thj Dung "MOt sO li lu^n v6 d^y hoc theo bdi hoc, bdi top theo ydu cdu; Ndng lye gioo nhOm ciia hoc sinh" Tgp ehi Gido dyie, sO 46 chuyen Hep, hqp tdc, xu If finh hud'ng; - PP trinh bdy vd'n dfi quy IV/2002 d l hoc tdp; - Muc dp fim tdi h-i thdc; Ndng lye Nguyfin Thj Bich H^nh "Xie lap quy trinh su pham thye hdnh (ludn phldn chi dqo thdo ludn, t h i hidn turong tic qui trinh day hpe d?ii hpe", Tgp chi kT ndng DH, gido dye, edng h^c chu nhldm Idp); Gido ditc,s6 \/20O3 ,"'- vdl cdc don vj, cd nhdn tfch cue vd dqt hidu qud hoqt ddng ddl mdi PPDH d ede trudng; (Tlip theo trang 31} nhdn r^ng ede diln hinh tqp thi, cd nhdn Hdn nhidm cua mdi cdp qudn If, mSi ed nhdn tiln phong trdo ddi mdi thuc hidn dd'i mdi PPDH; biln qud trinh thye hl^n 5) Tang eudng dau tu thiet bi, dd dung DH, ddi mdi hd thdnh qud trinh hoqt ddng ty gidc hodn thl|n h? thdng thu vidn nhd h-udng cua bdn thdn GV Vide ddi mdi PPDH mang tinh thye Hin, ndn toy 2) Chu trgng chi dgo, hudng ddn cdc cap qudn theo dilu kidn ey t h i cua h>ng h-udng THPT md li gido dye ve phuong hudng vd nhung vide edn nghidn cuu d l hinh thdnh quy trinh td chdc thye Idm d l ddl mdi PPDH; qudn h-idt thdng sudt h> cdc hidn ddi mdi mpt cdch phij hpp eo quan thudc Bd GD-DT den ede sd, phdng GDDT CBQLGD cdc frudng THPT, ldi h>ng GV vd HS 3) Tgo mdi trudng thudn Igi cho viec ddi mdi PPDH h-ong hing td chuyen mdn, moi nhd hrudng Hoqt dpng ddi mdi phuong phdp dqy HS Theo chung tdi, cdc ylu to mang Iqi cuo GV phdi cd sy ho trq thudng xuydn eua ddng thdnh cdng cho hoqt ddng ddi mdi PPDH, "qudn nghldp tndng quo vide dy glo, thdm Idp vd cung li" chfnh Id ylu to cd vol trd quylt djnh Cdn eu rut kinh nghiem; sinh hoqt nhdm chuydn mdn, td vdo yeu cdu chung v l ddl mdi PPDH cung nhu bp mdn hoy cym chuydn mdn di thdo luqn ve ddc dilm cuo h>ng trudng md ede hidu trudng ndl dung vd cdch thuc ddl mdi PPDH; thue ddv cdn thye hidn cdc bidn phdp ehi dqo, qudn If ddi GV nghidn cuu khoo hpe, vllt sdng kiln kinh mdi PPDH phu hop • nghidm v l ddl mdi PPDH d tdt ed cdc khdu cOa qud trinh DH, nhdt Id h>ng hoqt ddng cy (1) BCHTW Ding COng sin Vi$t Nam Vdn bdn sd t h i ; Id'y y kiln gdp y cuo ddng nghldp, y kiln 242-TB/rW ngdy 15/4/2009 thdng bdo Kit lu^n ciia phdn hdi cuo HS v l phuong phdp day cuo GV B