Q NGHIEN CUni N A N G LUC TRI TUE VA s u VAN DUNG VAO DOI M0I PHUDNG PHAP DAY HOC TRONG NHA TRUONG L D a t v a n d l Giio due (GD) va dao tao dang ehuyen mlnh trong CO ehf xa hfii phat trien nen kinh[.]
Q NGHIEN CUni- N A N G LUC TRI TUE VA s u VAN DUNG VAO DOI M0I PHUDNG PHAP DAY HOC TRONG NHA TRUONG TS.D6TI^NSY Hoc vien QuJn If Giio due LDatvandl Giio due (GD) va dao tao dang ehuyen mlnh CO ehf xa hfii phat trien nen kinh t l tri thflc Von nhan Iflc tri thflc dflpc df cao, coi trpng lim nfii Iflc jshat trlln mpi mat ddi sfing kinh t l , chinh tri, xa hdi Doi mdi GD, dao tao l i df cao sfl sang tao d e hoat dpng (HO) cfla chti t h i , hfldng vio sy gia tang, phit triin ning lyc (NL) thfle hifn va khuyin khieh, tao cd hdi de cdng ddng tham gia tieh eye vio HD xa hdi hda GD, xly dung edng ddng hoc t i p tich eye - hpe t i p sufit ddi Cie yeu d u GD edng ddng dat nhflng thieh thflc ddi vdi dpi ngfl nhi giio, yeu d u v l NL nghe nghifp cfla nha giio va NL hpc t i p cfla ngUdi hpe Nhi giao d n bdi dfldng pham e t i l t NL di thflc hifn chfle nang, nhiem vij GD va day hpe (DH), thye hien muc tifu dao tao nghl, phit trien nhin d c h ngudi hoc, hifn thflc hda rnuc ti§u ddi mdi GD mdt cieh thiet thflc va cu ttie nha trfldng, nhi giio, ngudi hoc, phflong phap DH (PPDH), phfldng tifn DH Nang lUc tri t u f va nang liTc n h i g i i o 2.1 Ndng Idt tri tue NL (Competency) cd lifn quan d i n cac ITnh vUc nghifn eflu khoa hpc ve tam li hpc, tam sinh li hpc, GD hpc, xa hpi hpc NL l i hdi tu nhflng die dilm cfla ca nhin vf tam, sinh li, nang thyc hien HD ciia eon ngudi Cac nhi nghifn cflU ehia NL thinh NL chung v i NL ehuyen bift hoae NL tai tao va NL sang tao hoae cu t h i hon: NL x i hfii, NL ca nhin, NL phflong phip, NL nghe nghiep, Nghien eflu vf NL GD, dao tao da dflpe df d p d i n d nhifu gdc dd nhfl t i m li hoc t i m li hoc GD, GD hpc, quin li GD, cd tie ddng trye tiep d i n d c chfl thf day v i hpe nhi trfldng, tfl v l quin li GD, ehiln liipc, muc tieu chuong trinh GD, thilt ke tai lieu DH, Ciu ndi cua F Bacon Tri thflc l i sflc manh" khdng cht d l cao NL tri tuf (NLTT) coji ngfldi -"nguon von tri tue"mi cdn phin inh sy phat trien tat yeu efla xa hdi "kinh te tri thflc", "xa hdi thdng tin" Nghifn eflu v l NLTTcd Inh hfldng tdi GD Howard Garclner cho ring, ngfldi ta cd nhflng NLTT v i each thflc hieu bilt khic nfn GD va DH d n hudng vio tflng d nhan ngfldi hpe, theo NL va phflong phip hoc tap eho tflng ea nhin (theo li thuylt da tri nang (Multiple intelligences - Ml) Quan diem niy ctia Howard Gardner khic vdi quan dilm kilm tra, danh gia (DG) nang tri tue theo IQ hoac trac nghifm OG kha ning hoc tap theo SAT Li thuyft M\ eua dng dua NLTT NhCftig NL (gdm c l ning khieu) tiem tang moi ngfldi hpc II nang khilu ngdn ngfl, tinh toin, hlnh Inh, than the, i m nhae, ngoai giao, nfii d m v i thifn nhifn Ngudi hpc dupe GD, OH dung each se cd eo hpi bdc Id nhflng td chat hoae mdt NL noi trdi de cdng NLTT (Intellectual competency) ctia eon ngfldi dflpc hlnh thanh, phat trien qua trinh sdng, tuong tic vdl mdi trudng ty nhien va xa hdi, bao gdm: NL tu logic NL ngdn ngfl, NL suy doin va tfldng tflpng NLTT t h i hien qua eae thao tie tfl nhU bilt so sanli, phan tich, tong hpp cac van d l , cd nang trflu tflpng hda, khii quit hda cic dac dif m mang d i u hieu b i n chit 20 • KHOA HOC GIAO DUC nghien eflu, tim hieu sfl v i t hifn tflpng Ngflcri eo NLTT t h i hifn qua cac pham chat Chfl ddng, linh hoat doc l i p v i sing tao NLTT d n dupe quan t i m nghifn ciJu, thuc hifn sy doi mdi d n bin v i toin dien nen GD nfliic nha NLTT c^n dflpc eoi l i mfit nhflng muc tifu cfit tfii cfla chinh sich, chuong trinh GD, eiia vifc thilt k l t i l lieu DH va PPDH NLTT ctia c i nhin ngudi hpc dupe DG vfla la ket q u i vfl^ II hifu qui cfla ehflOng tiirih GD, phflong phap GD v i DH cfla nhi trfldng, nhlgiao^ ngfldi hpc NLTT phin Inh hanh trinh phit trlln tri tue qua lao dfing, ngdn ngfl, cd quan hf chit ehe vdi sfl phat trien hoin thifn cie giie quan cfla eon ngudi v d ngon nqQ, tri nhd, tti logic, tri tfldng tflpng, sy thdng tue hlnh vt flng xfl, Nha nghifn eflu Bfli Van Hue da ting hop vf sU hlnh NLTT v l dfldc coi nhfl sfl gOi mfl, dinh hfldng HD ddi mdi PPDH d nha trfldng hiln [1]: Hlnh thinh NLTT la hinh thinh v i phit trien NL suy nghi linh boat sing tao; Vif c hinh va phit trlln NLTT can dflpe td ehflc thfldng xuyfn, lifn tuc thong nhat v i cd hf thdng; Vifc hinh thinh v l phat trien NLTT g i n liln vdt ren luyfn NL quan sat phit triin tU duy, tri tudng tupng, trau ddi ngdn ngfl, cung d p tri thflc; ki nang (KN), kT xio, each hoc ; Phit triin NLTT song hinh vdi GO tinh d m , dao dflc, pham c h i t nhan each;Thay dfii nfii dung DH de hinh thinh v i phit trien NLTT vi no Inh hudng dfn PPDH, trinh dp phit trien NLTT; Tao cac dilu kien d l ngfldi hpe suy nghT ehu dfing, dfic lap vi sing tao gill quyft van df hoe tip Nhflng d i u hieu nhan bilt NLTT ngfldi hpc II:" Su nhay bfn, nang ddng, sang t^o giao tilp flng xfl, gill quylt vin de; ludn cd t i m t h i tholi mat trong* viee glli quyft cic van de phfle tap; thich hoc ham hoc, tiep thu nhanh, hiiu rd b i n chit vin di mdi; cd t u d i ^ logic v i phf phin Trong q u i trinh phit trien nhin dm ngfldi hpe, ngfldi day cd t h i trp giup hoic tiep flng c ^ ngfldi hpe de phat trien mdt hoae td hop nhflng aM hifu 2.2 Ndng lue nhd gido ^ ''• NL n h i g i a o la loai NL n g h l n g h i f p - nghe DH NL n h i g i i o duac cau t h a n h t f l c i e y f u t o ve tri thflc, KN, kt x i o , k i n h r i g h i & m , h f l n g t h f l , s d t h i c h , m d i trfldng tk ddng, NL nha g l l o k h f i n g t h i t i c h k h d i NL ehung vaNL c h u y f n b i f t NL c h u n g b i e u h i f n d khia c a n h n h i g i i o lit c d n g d a n , t h u p c t a n g l d p t r i t h f l c , c d k h i nang, dieu kiln, CO hdt, m d i t r f l d n g di HO t r i t h f l e NL c h u y e n b i f t l i NL s u p h a m vcri d i e t r f l n g r i e n g b i l t c h u y f n c h u d ph^rnvi H D D H v l GD NL s f l p h a m s f l i m n i y sinh, p h i t trien can y f u t d t h d a m i n NL n h i f : Kien t h f l c KN, kT x i o , t h d i quei^ s d t h t e h , h f l n g t h f l , t i i n i n g , W o r l d Bank (2005) de xuat d u t n i c NL n h a g i i o t h e o ba n h d m ; N h d m NL lien quan d e n HO DH (to chfle I d p hoe, t h i l t ke DH, flng xfl tinti h u o n g s f l p h a m , D G k i t q u i DH, ); n h d m NL l i f n quan d i n x l y d f l n g t o ehflc nha t r f l d n g t h i n h t f i c h f l t hpc tap (trao d i , chia s f , h o p tac HO c h u y f n m d n , h u y ddng sy t h a m gia cfla c o n g d f i n g ) ; n h d m NL l i f n c|uan d i n phat t r i i n n g h l n g h i e p nha g i i o (HO t y h p c b o i d f l d n g , vwfc h i f n n t i i f m v y e d t r i c h n h i f m , d a o dflc) [2] NGHIEN curu i Bd GD&DT d i ban hinh Chuan nghl nghifp giio cflc NLTT cfla ngflc^ d^y v i ngfldi hpe d i u dfldc quan vifn trung hpc gom t i f u chuin vdi 25 tieu chiOG NL sfl t i m , thuc hifn di cCing phit trien dat d p dp mdi Qua pham, dd chfl y tdi d c NL NL tim hieu ddi tuang vd PPDH v l viec sfl dung tfch cflc d c PPDH hifu qui, NLTT mdi trucmg GD; NL DH; NL GD; NL HD chlnh tri, xd hol; NLcua nhi gllo dfldc cii thien, phat triin, hieu siu sic hon phdt tnen nghi nghiep Bfi chuan NL sfl pham n h i giio ve tri thfle bai hoc, tri thflc ngfldi hpc nghe thult DH, sfl trung hpc la can cfl xac dinh muc tifu phit trlln NL nha dung d c PPDH Ngfldi hpe dflpc hpc PPDH tfch eye tfl giio de^cap quin liOG, xfp loai nha giio Hdn nfla, d l y la ntii giao, b i i hoe de linh hdi hon, ham hpc hOn v l co cd cd sd de d p quin li, linh dao GD tiep tye xiy dflng, triin hdi phittrien NLtflhoc NLTT khai bd cong cu OG NL nha giio d mflc dd pham vi hep Trong doi mdi PPDH, nha giio chfl y phit trtln NL nhfl mdn hpc, gid hpc c l nhin ngfldi hpc va PPDH dflpc difu ehinh, d i t i l n phu NL lao dpng sfl pham dang II van de quan di hop vdi tflng d nhin Bfn eanh dd, vdi suda dang ciia NL DG, xep loai nha giio, trfldng hpc Tfl do, xa hdi DG, nhin ca nhin ngfldi hpc PPDH bd mdn khdng chl chuyfn chfl nhin thyc chit hon vf GD va d i o tao nguon nhin luc ITnh vyc mon hpc, bai hoc m l ed sti tieh hop eho xa hoi Vifc gia tang yfu clu phit trien cic NL cfing DH k i t hop lifn mdn, xuyen mdn hpc de hinh to din, NL lao dfing, NL hinh nghf, se 11 "ap luc"dn thilt hpp NL ve tu logic NL ngdn ngfl, NL suy doin v i df doi mdi HD DH, GG chit Ifldng GD d cie d p dp, loai tiidng tupng PPDH thay doi vdi nhu d u NL ngfldi hpc, hinh dao tao v i thift lap khung DG NL nghf nghifp eua yfu d u chuong trinh, myc tieu DH Cic nhifm vu hpc t i ^ g vi trj, chfle danh d c don vi, eo quan, td chfle, tap d n dflpc thiet ke bao gom yfu d u ve phit trien cac KN nhfl phin tich, GG, so sinh, tong hop, nhlm phit cdng tl, doanh nghifp [3] Phit triin NL n h i giio la ehfl ^ d i n sfl phit trien trien to tipp nhflng NL ngfldi hpe Ngfldi hpc dflpc NLTT vdi sy die thu vf phat trlln he thdng NL ehuyen tao dilu kien v l khfing gian tri tuf, dupe trinh bay d c h b i f t NL n g h l nghifp, NL DH v i GD Nhflng NL ehuyen hiiu khae, dupe tao co hdi phat trien tri thfle ngoii mdn bift niy dflpc dat mfii trfldng NL ehung, thfing hpc, dflpe djnh hudng v i tro giup eho eac y tfldng, sang nhat vdi nhflng pham chat vf ttnh chu ddng, ttnh linh tao nhflng van df lien mdn hoc hoat ttnh ddc lip, tinh sing tao cfla NLTT Phit trien NL ty hpc thude v l NL c i nhin Ca nhan ngfldi hpc NLTT cfla n h i gllo thdng qua HO sfl pham II sfl phat tflng nhiem vy hpc tap cd d c each giii quyft v i n trlln kf p, t i c ddng va Inh hfldng da chifu dfn cic chu de khic nhau, phin inh kinh nghifm, thdi quen, sd the day va hoc No khdng chi l i m gia tang NL DH ctia nha trfldng va NL rieng biet ctia tflng ngu'di Gfil mdi PPDH gllo ma cdn mang lai hieu q u i vf sfl doi mdi, sing tao chti day each hoc cho ngUdI hoc phat trlln NL c i HO DH, kfch thieh HO doi mdi'PPDH va ren luyen nhin, phit huy sd trudng, hflng thu hpc tap, ddc lap, chfl NLTTcho ngudi hpc ddng gill quyft van df hpc tap Difu dd tflc la hudng tdt Doi mdi phU