MDT SO VAN DE QUAN Ll DDI M D I PHDDNG PHAP DAY HDC i TRDDNG TRUNG HDC PHD THDNG TRDNG DOI CANH THAY DOI ThS LE THj THU H A N G '''' 1 Trong bd''''icanh the gidi cd nhieu thay ddi nhu hien nay, hon bao gid[.]
MDT SO VAN DE QUAN Ll DDI MDI PHDDNG PHAP DAY HDC i TRDDNG TRUNG HDC PHD THDNG TRDNG DOI CANH THAY DOI ThS Trong bd'icanh the gidi cd nhieu thay ddi nhu hien nay, hon bao gid het, viec nhan thuc duge nhu cau thay dd'i la van d l song cdn Lam thenao dan d i t edng suthay dd'i cac tochdc ndi ehung va cac nhatn/dng ndi rieng la mdt thach thdc Idn Trong quan li (QL) ndi chung va QL nha trudng ndi rieng, nang luc nhan bie'tva QL thay dd'i la mgt nhung yeu cau hang dau dat dd'i vdi cae nha lanh dao va QLgiao(iuch\ennay."Mdttn/c^ghgctdtHmqttn/dng cd kha ning ddn nhin si/ thay ddi va biet m inh phai thay dd'i nhu the nao de thich dngtdthdn vdithayddl cua xi hdr Nghj quye't so 29-NQn"L/ 4/11/2013 neu ro: "Chuyen manh qua trinh giao due tu chu yeu trang bi kie'n thuc sang phit trien toin dien ning life vapham chat ngudi hgc Phattrien giao due va dao tao phai gin vdi nhu ci'u phit trie'n kinh te-xa hdi vi bao ve To qudc; vdi Hen bg khoa hgc va cdng nghe; phu hgp quy iuat khich quan Chuyen phit then giao due va dao tao td chu yeu theo sdlugng sang chu trgng chi't iugng vi hieu qua, dong thdidap dng yeucausdiugng " Nhiem vu cua hieu tn/dng (HT) la phai d i n d i l cdng qua trinh thay ddi nha tn/dng, day la mgt yeu to quan trgng quyet dinh su cdng cua qua trinh ddi mdi can ban, toan dien giao due vadao tao hien QL s u t h a y doi 1) Khai niim QL stf thay do'i QL suthay ddi thuc chat la ke hoach hda va chi dao trie'n khai su thay ddi de dat " muon rrang Iliai Trjng dial mong dugc myc tieu de cho su thay ddi dd 2} Nguyen tae ciia QL sti thay doi: - QL sutiiayddl dai din^c sail kill thuc l i i ^ s|t [hay dot "cai inoi " 6i dinh hinh LQ trinh OLsii ihav doi Klioani; cadi Tranf; Ihai hi«n t^i, cliita cac ylu to c^n pliai lhay doi de to chirc phitt LE THj THU H A N G ' giao due can chil y tinh "can bing dgng" va tinh Id trinh; - Xac djnh duge trang thai hien tai tn/dc khithay ddi (chl dugc ngi dung phai thay ddi); - Md ta trang thai mong mud'n sau khithay ddi (Ket qua mong dcri); -Tim dugc khoang each gida hai trang thai hien tai va trang thai mong mud'n; - Xay dung Id trinh de di de'n dich (thuc hien suthay ddi); - Duy tri dugc ket qua su thay ddi 3) Cae giai doan cua QL sti thay do'i: - Giai doan "raddng"(pha tan): la giaidoan chuan bl ve mat tmh than cua dgi ngu can bd QL, GV, nhan vien cho tien trinh thay doi Gial doan can phai chuan bj cho dpi ngu thay ddi ve thai do, kien thdc kT nang ; - Giaidoan "thay do/"(pha thay ddi): la giai doan tien hanh su thay ddi Giai doan dai, ngin phu thugc vao nhilu yeu tonhu"si/cy"cua cac nhan vien, trinh dp "van hda cua td'chue" va nang lue QL suthay ddi cua dpi ngu can bd QL ; - Giai doan 'Hi ddng" (pha ket): la luc da dat dugc trang thai mong muon, la giai doan d'n djnh nhi/ng thay ddi da xay ra, "dinh hinh" niem tin, each lam viec mdi thieh dng v d i " sg thay ddi" da dat dugc deduy tri va phattrien ben viing QL s u thay doi QL doi m d i phuong phap day hgc (PPDH) trudng THPT 1) Nbin dien eai can thay doi tbuc hien dd) mdi PPDH a) Nhan dien thuc trang ddi mdi PPDI^:s^dungiC\ thuat phan tich SWOT = Strengths la diem manh, hay chinh la lgi the cua nha tn/dng W = Weaknesses la diem ye'u Day ia cac yeu to npi tai, ben cua nha trudng nhu tinh hinh so lugng, trinh chuyen mdn, nang lue nghe nghiep, nhan thuc cua dgi ngu ve ddi mdiPPDH; kien thdcvakTnangveddlmcri PPDH cua dgi ngu GV; nhan thuc, dgng luc, phuang phap hgc tap cua HS; dilu kien cd sd vat chat, tai chinh nha tn/dng phue vy cho ddi mdi PPDH = Opportunities la thdi ca, ca hpi dang ton tai tuboi iri en ben VCITIB * Vu Giao due tmng hpc, 66 GIHIT Tap chi Giao due so 338 (ki2-7/2014) canh, mditn/dngtacdgng de'n nhatnrcflig.T=Threats vat chat, tai chinh, dpi ngu, thong tin Phan tich kT la nguy co, thach thuc, trd ngai ma nha tn/dng cd the dieu kien hien cd va nhu cau de xay dung ke hoach phai ddi mat Day la cac yeu to' ben ngoai tac dgng phij hgp, kha thi; - Phin tich st/sin sang vi si/phan theo hudng tot hoac xau den qua trinh thuc hien ddi dngixac djnh cac yeu td' rao can va cac mau thuin, mdi PPDH nha tn/dng nhu: xu the hgi nhap, xung dot cd the xay thuc hien ddi mdi toan cau hda; chu tn/ang cua Dang, co che chinh PPDH Duphdng cac giai phap dehda glai mau thuin, sach cua Nha nude, dieu kien KT-XH; nhu cau va su xung dot neu ed Can tao sudong thuan cua nhQng dung nguon nhan luc eua dia phuong; suddl mdi can ngudi lien quan va cua toan xa hgi nhim Idi keo mpi ban, toan dien giao due va dao tao: ddi mdi muc tieu, vien nha ta/dng, mpi luc lugng va ngi dung, chuang trinh giao due, kiem tra, danh gia ngoai tn/dng ciing tham gia qua trinh ddi mdi PPDH, giao due ; ddi mdi tuduy cua cac cap QL, nhan ddi mdi kiem tra danh gia cua nha tn/dng.Detaora SI/ thiiccuacdng dong vidamdigiaoduc.damdi PPDH dong thuan can lam tot cdng tac truyen thdng bing Tat cacac ye'u to'tren deu edtinh "dgng" tuong doi viec cung cap day du, kjp thdi thdng tin, tuyen tmyen mgt thd^ diem nhat djnh va khdng giong cho mgi ngudi ciing tha'y dugc sucan thiet va lgi ich gida cac trudng Thuc trang ciia tn/dng dviing mien cuavieeddlmdIPPDH, Kinh nghiem chothay, mpi sy niJise khac vdi tn/dng d vung thj, ciing thay ddi se gap phai eae phan iing td nhilu phia neu mpt khu vucthigidacactrudng cung cdsukhac cdng tac truyen thdng kem va khdng lam cho xa hpi Do dd, viec phan tich SWOT phai ehi dugc cac ye'u hieu va chia se vdi giao dye Trong QL suthay doi doi to tac ddng true tie'p va gian tiep, nhirng yeu td'cd tinh vdi doi mdi PPDH, rao can Idn nhat, khdthay ddi nhat dae thii ciia chinh nhatn/dng (bit diing benh) thi mdi la thdi quen, thay ddi nhan thde va pha vd"sdc y" cua xac djnh dung cae ngidung can doi mdi cua nhatrudng n\\mGN\iacan\iqOL\-Xic dinh cac yeu to khich ^, la gi? Tu dd, viec de myc tieu va giai phap ddi mdi hd trg, tao ddng luc cho st/ thay ddi xay dung moi PPDH mdlphu hgp vdi dieu kien nhatrudng, hgp quy trudng nilm tin, tao "van hda thich dng" cho dpi ngu luat khach quan va kha thi giup nha trudng thich iing Chia sekhd khan vdi G V, tao dieu kien eho GV cave tot hon vdi suthay ddi tinh than va vat chat dilu kien cd the cua nha b) Nhin dien trang thai mong dgi:6o\ mdi PPDH trudng.Trong quatrinh QLsuthay ddi can phai chap khong phai la thay the eae PPDH tnjyen thd'ng bang nhan pha bo nhiing gi quen thugc hang ngay, cdUie cac PPDH hoan toan mdi Vi vay, muc tieu cua ddi chua cd ket qua ngay, ngudi QL can phai chii y khich mdiPPDHIaGVvan dung linh hoatcacPPDH truyen le, nang niu nhiing cdng dii la rat nho, nhat la thd'ng, cac PPDH tich cue nham phat huy tinh tieh doi vdi nhirng ngudi tu nguyen xung phong di dau cue chudgng, sang tao ciia HS, giilp HS cd kha nang ddi mdi Cd the cd nhi/ng hinh thdc dgng vien van dung kie'n thii'c glai quye't cac van de dat khen thudng nhifng nd luc, co ging cua cac cuoc sd'ng cua cac em, hinh nang luc tu hge, vien nhatrudng Ddi mdt Idi dgng vien dung kha nang hgc tap sud't ddi Van 6e dd1 mdi PPDH liic ed tac dyng rat Idn viec cung co tinh tiian nha tn/dng khong the ddi mdi dugc khie phuc khd khan quatrinh thuc hien doi mdi mgt sdm mgt chilu, ma ddla viec lam thudng xuyen, cua GV Khdng phe binh, che bai neu nhusukhSi lien tuc va lau dai, vi vay xac dinh myc tieu can dau chua thuc sutot, khdng y ehi ddi hoi t^t ca GV phai ed muc tieu dai han va cac myc tieu ngin han phai thuc hien ddi mdi PPDH tot lap tuc 2} Lap kehoaeb detien hanh thi/c hien doi 3) Trien khai ke hoach tht/c hien dd'i mdi mdi PPDH: - Xic dinh nhimg viec can lam va cich PPDH: • Ning cao nhin thuc cho can bd QL, GV, thdc thuc hien, thdigian tht/c hien Can chii y ddi mdi nhan vien, HS cha me HS vi cdng dong ve doi mdi PPDH ddi hdi phai cd thdi gian, khdng ndn ndng, dot PPDH coi day la van de cot yeu eho suton tai va phat chay giai doan, dd can chia Id trinh mgt so trien b i n v i ^ g cua nhata/dng Can dam bao sudong glai doan, thuc hien cac muc tieu ngin han,tdng bude bp nhan thde ve doi mdi PPDH gida cae li/c di tdi dich Mdi trudng khac se cd 16 trinh khac lugng can bp QL, GV, nhan vien, HS, cha me HS va nhau, khdng nen rap khuon may moc theo mgt cong dong ciing tham gia qua trinh ddi mdi; - Boi "mau" nao dd; -Xic dinh cic dieu kien, nguon li/c can dudng nang cao kien thdc, kinang thuc hiin ddi mdi thiet phuc vu cho qua trinh ddi mdi PPDH nh\i:casa PPDH, ddlmdikiem tra, danhgiacho GV KTnang 10 Tap chi Gido due so 338 (ki2-7/2014) xay dung ke hoach day hpc theo djnh hudng phat ddi de riit kinh nghiem, dieu ehinh qua trinh la rat can trien chuang trinh nhatrudng dua tren khung chuang thie't Theo dd, cae ngi dung danh gia suthay doi bao trinh eua Bp Ddi mdi hinh thuc to chdc day hpc, day gom: - Danh gia suthay ddi nhan thdc ve ddi mdi hgctren Idp hoac ngoai nha tn/OTig, dam bao sudong PPDH cua can boQL, GV, nhan vien nhatn/dng, bd giira cac to ndi dung, phuong phap va hinh cua HS, cha me HSva cong dong dat dugc mde tilde to'chdc day hpc nhim dat myc tieu day hgc; - Chi nao, ijng hg hay phan doi ; - Thay ddi each chuan bj dao xay dung to chuyen mdn td' ehde biet hpc gidday cua G V ; - T h a y ddi each to'chdc hoat ddng hoi, ddi mdi sinh hoat chuyen mdn theo nghien ciiu hoe eua HS; - Thay ddi each danh gia HS; - Thay ddi bai hgc;dugid,danhgiaGV theo hudng ddlmdiPPDH each danh gia gid day; - Thay ddi ve phuang phap Bien to chuyen mdn mdt "trung tam boi dudng hgccijaHS GV" thu nho; - Chidao sudung phuang tien thiet bi Thdng qua danh gia cac mat, phan tich ke't qua day hgc, kinh phi vacac ngudn luc khac phuc vu yeu datdugc,nhungmatchuadat,xacdinh nguyen nhan, eau ddi mdi PPDH Chi dao viec tu lam thiet bl, nJt bai hpc kinh nghiem cho chu ki doi mdi tiep dung day hpc cua G V; - Chidao GV hudng din HS theo Viee danh gia khdng phai chi thuc hien ket phuang phip hgc, hoc tren Idp va tt/hgc dnha, dam thuc mdt giai doan ma phai dugc dat ca qua bao sudong bd giua ddi mcri phuang phap day cua trinh thue hien ddi mdi de kip thdi cd nhiing dieu chinh GV va phuong phap hgc cua HS; - Chidao tochdc can thiet, vi QL suthay ddi mang tinh "dpng" Viec kiem tra, dinh gia HS theo hudng doi mdi PPDH, xay dung mdt ke hoach can dam bao ca yeu to la on dam bao su dong bg gli/a ddi mdi PPDH va kiem tra dmh va linh hoat, dieu phu hgp vdi quy luat van danh gia Quan tam tdldanhgiaquatrinh, chuy danh dpng cLJa suvat hien tugng ndi chung va ban than yeu gia sutien bd eua HS Coi viec nit kinh nghiem td'PPDH eung mang tinh linh hoat ndi rieng qua viec phan hoi thdng tin kiem tra danh gia 5) Duy tri, cung ed'sti thay doi dat dugc M gi doi vdi ca HS va GV Ddi mdi hinh thde thi, kiem tra suthay doi khdng eddiem ke't thuc, ludn mang tinh ke theo dinh hudng phat trien nang luc HS Viec ddi mdi thda Ddi mdi cdng phai dugc tri, caimdise kiem tra, danh gia dugc coi la yeu td rat quan trgng de thay the dan eai cu Vi du nhu viee ap dung cac kT thuc day ddi mdi PPDH (thigi hgc nay), vi vay, GV thuat day hgc tich cue nhim phat huy tinh tich cue phai coi trgng viec thay ddi each danh gia HS, viec ehu dgng eua ngudi hgc se thay the dan each day nhan xet cac bai kiem tra cua HS can chi ldi va theo kieu "dgc chep ".Suthay doi cdthe dugc hudrig khic phuc Kiem tra la de giiip ngudi hpc dieu tri ben vung hay khdng phu thugc vao su nhan thdc chinh each hge va ngudi day dilu chinh each day cua tait ca mgi ngudi v l Igi ich cua viec ap dyng cae kT cho tot hon, khdng chi ehu y den ke't qua cuoi eung thuat day hgc tich cue mang lai Mgi ngudi phai ciing Bien qua trinh danh gia GV va HS qua trinh tu nhan thire dugc ring se khd cdthe ton tai neu v i n danh gia cua chinh ban than minh de phat trien tot tri each day theo kieu dgc chep tn/dc day Dong thdi hon; - Chidao viec phdi hgp giua cac tochdc, luc tat cacac vien lien quan deu phai cd mgt vj tri, lugng nhi tn/dng vdi cha m e HS, vdicgng dong vai trd nhat dmh edng cugc ddi mdi, khong de Nha tn/dng ddn dde, tu ed lap minh qua trinh mgt vien nao dung ngoai cupc ddi xniA se chic chin that bai Can cd chien luge loi Dedam bao qua cua ddi mdi duge tri, keo suung hg sutham gia cua cac luc lugng ngoai xa cung CO can luu y mgt so van de: - Ludn cd y thuc hgi vao quatrinh ddi mdi PPDH cua nha tardng Chii hudng dan ngudi mdi de hg cd the ke tuc sU nghiep; trgng cdng tae xa hgi hda giao due, dam bao sudong -Lap, tri va bo sung ngan sach deedquy phuc vy bg giin giao due nha bvdng, giao dye gia dinh va giao cho ddi mdi PPDH; - Luu tri/ho sa giiip cho viee nhin due xahdi lai qua trinh ddi mdi PPDH eua nha tn/dng, danh gia 4) Danh gia sii thay doi diin tren cac mat, va rut cae bai hoc kinh nghiem eho nhihig rut kinh nghiem eho chu ki thay doi tiep theo cdng va nhi?ng that bai Tham chi ca bai hgc kinh Qua trinh doi mdi nha tn/dng, ddi md[ PPDH nghiem cho viec xuli nhung tinh huong xung dot nhatn/dngphd'thdngkhongcddiem ddng Diem ke't sinh; - Oua thay ddi vao phuong hudng phan da'u, thiic cua giai do^n se tiep tyc la diem khdi dau eho vao ke hoach chien luge phattrien nhatn/dng dedam giai doan thay ddi tiep theo Vi vay, danh gia su thay bao tinh kethira cho nhimg ngudi ke nhiem Tranh Tap chi Gido dye so 338 (ki 2-7/2014) tn/dng hap khithay ddi lanh dao nhatn/dng, nguiJi ke nhiem khdng nam dugc qua trinh thay ddi se lai dua rampty tudng khac Vai tro cua HT trudng THPT QL suthay doi Trong qua trinh ddi mdi nha tn/dng ndi chung, ddi m(S PPDH ndi rieng dtn/dng THPT, HT ddng vai trd rat quan trpng, bdi le: 1) HT la ngudi co vu, xuc tic kich thieh st/ thaydd'i.-HJ langucrttao raap luc phai ddi mdi PPDH cho GV, bien nhu cau khach quan nhu eau tu than doi mdi PPDH la nhu cau tatyeu cho suton tai va phat tnen cua ehinh ban tiian G V; xay dung van hda nha truing, tao mdi trudng niem tin; tao CO che khuyen khich, dgng vien kjp thdi nhung ed'ging cua mglngudi; dam bao nguyen tie hai hda lgi ich cho cae vien nha tn/dng 2) HTIangudihotratrong qua trinh tht/e hien si/thaydoi: HT la ngudi biet ling nghe, chia se khd khan, giup GV khie phuc nhimg trdngai gap phai thuc hien ddi mdi PPDH; tao dilu kien dehgtu ehu, tu chju trach nhiem vdi chat lugng gidday cua minh, kip thdi ghi nhan cdng, ed ging cua GV va biet chap nhan "ngadebotdafvicdthehgcdugctunhiing cai chua dung ban dau nhu: "chay giao an", G V chua xulidugccactinhhud'ngba'tngdtuphiaHS.„neund xuatphat tdsunhiet tinh va khao khatddlmdicuaGV vaHS 3) Ngudi xuli cac tinh huong xayra qua trinh thay dd'i: HT phai la ngudi ed kha nang dubao va phat hien rao can, xung dot cd thexay qua trinh thay ddi Trong khithue hien ddi mcri, nha trudng thudng cd nhdm d6itugng:-Nhdm chap nhan, tu giae va quyet tam thuc hien ddi mdi PPDH;-Nhdm thdo vdi suthay ddi, b i t bude thi lam, khdng thi thol; - Nhdm khdng chap nhan sy ddi mdi PPDH va cd phan ung chd'ng doi Tt le cua doi tugng phu thugc vao van hda cua to'chdc • uy tin cua lanh dao moi trudng phap li hay co che QL HT can phan loai dugc nhdm nay, dubao nhirng xung dot cdthe sinh va nd xay thi danh gia dung tinh hinh, cd bien phap de hda giai cac xung dot mgt each m i m deo, linh hoattren casdtim hieu dung nguyen nhan Dong thdi chii trgng viecxay dung mdi tn/dng van hda nha trudng giiip han che dugc cac xung dgtcdthe sinh 4) Ngudi lien ket cae nguon lire eho su thay (fo/;HT la ngudi nhan dien dugc cac nguon luc, phan 12 Tap chi Gido due so 338 tich cac ddlleu lien quan tmc tie'p de'n ddi mdi PPDH, ke't nd1 cac mdi quan he, ke't noi nhu cau va nguon lyc de' quyet djnh tinh kha thi ciia cac giai phap tien hanh ddi mdi PPDH nhim tao hgp luc Idn nhat 5) Ngudi tri su on dinh st/thayddl: HT phai xac djnh dung thuc trang ddi mdi PPDH d tn/dng m inh dang d m ire dp nao, phai ludng tn/dc "dp bat djnh" cua qua trinh thuc hien ddi mdi; phai biet ling nghe, tao niem tin, chia se vdi GV; ton trgng ljch sdde ke thda va phat trien; biet tdn trgng thuc te khach quan, trudng hgp can thiet v i n cdthe keo dailp trinh hon so vdi mong muon de ed hieu qua eao nha't Thuc hien "su thay ddi" va QL "suthay dd'i" ddi mdi PPDH la vande song cdn eua cac nha trudng HT can nhan biet vai trd to Idn cua minh tu each ngudi tao dilu kien thuan lgi cho suthay dd'i; xay dwig van hda nhatn/dng, hinh bau khdng khitin cay deG V ed the chia se, s i n sang ddn nhan thay ddi va tich cue qua trinh ddi mdi • Tai liSu tham k h a o VQ Dinh Chuan Bdi gidng ldp cdn bd qudn li trudng trung hgc phd thdng vi qudn li dSng b$ ddi moi phuong phdp day hpc vd liiim tra, ddnh gid f(it qud hpc tdp cila hoc smh, 2013 Dang COng san Vi$l Nam Nghi guys'! sd 29-NQ/ TW ngdy 4/11/2013 vi ddi mdi cdn bdn todn diSn gido difC vd ddo tao, 2013 3- Dang Xuan Hai - NguySn S J Thir Q u a n li giao due, q u a n Ii nha t r u d n g bCfi c a n h thay ddi NXB Gido due Viit Nam H 2012 Nguygn Vinh Hign Triin khai Nghi quyit sd29NQ/TW ngdy 4/11/2013 vi ddi mai cdn bdn, toan dien gido due vd ddo tao, 2013 5- Trin Ki^m N h u n g van de ctf ban ciia khoa hpc quan h' giao due NXB D(ii hpe supham Hd N^i, 2011 John P Kotter - Dan S Cohen Linh hfin cua sii thay Mi (The h e a r t of change) Ban djch cua NXB Tr^, TP H6 Chi Minh 2002 SUMMARY Given the current time when the education is undergoing rapid changes, to understand, determine and implement innovations is mandatory for schools development Execution and management of innovations'In the process of Improving teaching method is crucial for schools Principles need to recognise the Importance of their role in building the culture of schools, to create a trustful environment for teachers to share and accept changes In the development process m 2-7/2014) ... tot hon vdi suthay ddi tinh than va vat chat dilu kien cd the cua nha b) Nhin dien trang thai mong dgi:6o\ mdi PPDH trudng .Trong quatrinh QLsuthay ddi can phai chap khong phai la thay the eae... 2-7/2014) tn/dng hap khithay ddi lanh dao nhatn/dng, nguiJi ke nhiem khdng nam dugc qua trinh thay ddi se lai dua rampty tudng khac Vai tro cua HT trudng THPT QL suthay doi Trong qua trinh ddi mdi... - Thay ddi each danh gia HS; - Thay ddi bai hgc;dugid,danhgiaGV theo hudng ddlmdiPPDH each danh gia gid day; - Thay ddi ve phuang phap Bien to chuyen mdn mdt "trung tam boi dudng hgccijaHS GV"