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NGHIlNtCru&IONiDlJNi II QUY TRINH XAY DUNG BAN DO KHAI NIEM BANG PHAN M E M CMAPTOOLS TRONG DAY HOC SINH HOC L 6 P 6 ThS Pham Dinh VSn, CN Hd Minh Quang Tnidng Dqi hgc Ddng Thdp 1 Dit van de a Khdi ni[.]
NGHIlNtCru&IONiDlJNi II QUY TRINH XAY DUNG BAN DO KHAI NIEM BANG PHAN M E M CMAPTOOLS T R O N G D A Y HOC SINH HOC L P ThS Pham Dinh VSn, CN Hd Minh Quang Tnidng Dqi hgc Ddng Thdp Dit van de a Khdi niem ve bdn khdi niem (BDKN) BDKN (Concept Maps) la nhimg cdng cu dd thi de sdp xep va trinh bay kien thflc Chung bao gdm cac khai niem, thudng dupc ddng khung cac hinh trdn hay cac hinh chii nhat, va mdi quan he giua cac khai niem dupc the hien dudi dang dudng ndi giua hai khai niem Cac tir tren dudng ndi la cac tu ndi hay cac cum tu ndi, chi rd mdi quan hf giua hai khai niem b Vai trd cua BDKN BDKN cd tic dung ket ndi cac kien thuc da cd vdi cac kiln thuc mdi de tu dd hinh nen mpt he thdng kien thuc mdi hon, cao hom cho ngudi hpc Day hpc BDKN giup ngudi hpc nhd lau kien thuc, biet each van dung, lien hf thuc t l Trong d^y hpc Sinh hpc 6, kiln thu:c cd ban nhat la hf thdng cac khai niem (ve thy:c vat va vi khuan, nam, dia y) lien he chat che vdi dupc hinh va phat trien theo mpt trat tu logic Viec phan loai, sip xep cac khai nifm sinh hpc mdt hf thdng la rat quan trpng Vdi khdi lupng kliai niem rat ldn neu ITnh hpi klidng cd he thdng thi hpc sinh klidng the ndm vung, nhd lau vd van dung dupc Xay dung BDKN bing phan mem CmapTooIs Phan mem Cmap Tools dupc Canas va cpng su viet nam 2004 Nd la phan mem chuyen de lap ban dd khai niem, giup ngudi su dung de dang sua ddi ban dd khai niem Cd the tai mien phi phan mem tai dja chi: http://cmap ihmc.us a Quy trinh xdy dung BDKN bdng phdn mem CmapTools dqy hoc Sinh hoc Budc 1: Xac dinh chu de, khai niem trpng tam Xac dinh chu de, khai nifm trpng tam bang each xac dinh cau hdi trpng tam Mdi BDKN deu tra ldi mpt cau hdi trpng tam va mpt cau hdi tdt cd the dan dat de tao mpt BDKN phpng phu Budc 2: Xac dinh cac khai niem lien quan Khi chu de dupc xac dinh, budc tiep theo la xac dinh va lift ke nhung khai niem quan trpng nhat hay chung nhat lien quan den chu de Thdng thudng, cd tu 15 den 25 khai niem la du de xay dung mpt BDKN Budc 3: Sap xep cac khai niem Cac khai niem dupc sap xep d nhiing vi tri phu hpp: khai niem tdng quat xep tren dinh, tiep theo la cac khai niem cu the hdn Cac khai niem dupc ddng khung hinh trdn, eiip hoac hinh chii nhat Cac khai niem cd the dupc viet tren the (viet tren bang hpac tren nhfing manh giay) hay su dung phan mem Cmap Tools Budc 4: Ndi cac khai niem Lien ket cac khai niem bang cac mui ten cd kem tu ndi md ta mdi quan he giiia cac khai nifm Budc 5: Xac dinh dudng ndi ngang Tim ki€m cac dudng ndi ngang, ndi cac khai niem thupc cac mien khac trpng ban dd Cac dudng ndi ngang cho thay su tuong quan giua cac khai niem Budc 6: Dua cac vi du Cho cac vi dy (nlu cd) tai dau mut mdi nhanh Vi du dupc ddng khung bdi hinh trdn, clip hoac hinh chu rihat Nhdn bdi ngdy 26/2/2012 TAP CHi THI^ BIGlAO DUC-sd 79-3/2012 • 17 II N G H I £ N CUU THI§T Kf BAN 06 & CTNG DUNG KHAI N1$M — ^ I n g cich Xitc d|nh khii nifm tr^ng t i m Jhii cdng] PhSn mSm Cmap Tools MAy t(nh -siydyng bing cAch • Ciu h6l trpng t i m ] ei cic khii nifm cin li2 > Xie dinh cic khii nifm Hin quan khoing10 difn 15 khii nifm sau d6 Khii nifm t5ng qui xep trfn dinh - ^1 s i p xfp cic khii nifm — th«o cich khii nifn cv thlT xfp d dudi •au d6 -bingU f n k i t cic khii nifm MOI t f n c6 gin nhin L- gSm budc \ cau d6 MffI quan hf giCTa cic khii nifm cic ITnh vi/c khic -L f Xie djnh di/dng nfl ngang — chi sau d6 I DUa cic vf dy ] — i * m r« T sau 6b •[ V nghTa cua khii nif m trtrdc 66 »[Hlfu dfnh v i hoin thifn bin dd [— \i—*-\ ^''8" c*^>"h '»' b*" ^ cho Ph" h ^ Sd 1: Quy trinh thiet keBDKN bdng phdn mem Cmap Tools cd net dut Budc 7: Hifu dinh va hoan thifn bin Cudi cung, ban dupc xem xet lai va cd the cd nhung thay ddi can thiet ve cau true va npi dung (xem sa dd 1) b Vl du: Thiet keBDKN vi cdu tgo tebdo thUc vgt (muc 2, bdi 7, Sinh hgc 6) Bfldcl: Xdc djnh cic khdi nifm trpng tim Cdc khdi nifm trpng tim: Te bip thflc vit, ciu t?io, vich te bio, ming sinh chit, chit t^ bdo, nhin, khdng bio Bflde 2: Xie djnh cic khii nifm lien quan Cic khii nifm hen quan: Mpt ldp mdng kep, chfla djeh te bio, mdi te bdo cd nhin, te bdo cd hmh d ^ g nhit djnh, bao bpe khdi te bio chit ben trong, te bio edng gid thi khdng bdo cdng ldn, xenlulo, ndi dien cdc ho^t dpng sdng Cd bdn cua te bdo, trung tdm dieu khien mpi hp^t dpng sdng cua te bdo, mpt chit keo Idng ed chfla cic bdo quan Bflde 3: Sdp xep cdc khii nifm Cip 1: Te bdo thflc vit: Ciu t^o Cip 2: Ciu t^o: Vich te bdo, ming sinh chit, chit te bio, nhin, khdng bio Cip 3: Vich t^ bio: xenlulo, te bio cd hinh d ^ g nhit djnh Cip 3: Ming sinh chat: Mpt ldp mdng k^p, bao bpe khdi te bio chit ben Cip 3: Chit t^ bio: Mpt chit keo long cd chfla cic bio quan, ndi dien cic ho^t l i • TAP CHi THI^BIGlAO DMC-sd 79-3/2012 dpng sdng cd bin cua te bao Cip 3: Nhin: Moi te bdo cd nhin, trung tim dieu khien mpi ho^t dpng sdng cua te bio Cap 3: Khdng bio: Chfla djeh te bio, te bio cing gid thi khdng bdo cing ldn Bflde 4: Ndi cic khii nifm Ndi cic khii nifm cung mdt miin kien thflc l^i vdi bing cic tfl noi cho phu hpp Mdi mpt khii nifm cap d tren se t$o mpt mien kien thflc ldn Nhfl viy, se co ba mien kien thflc ldn: Cau t^o te bio thflc vit, hinh thai te bio thflc vit, chflc nang nhifm v\i cua te bio Bflde 5: Xdc djnh dfldng ndi ngang Xie djnh mdi quan hf gifla ba mien kien thflc ldn d NGHIEN CUU & U N G DUNG II (xenlulo) / thinh phSn chO yiu \k T^ bdo c6 hinh d^ng nhfit dinh '4-lini cho diSn cic hoft d^ng sdng cd bin cua tf bio [Khdng bio]—li ndlM^t ch£t keo ling c6 chihi cic bio quan nhi/: lyc l^p, ty thCriboxom, vi •ttf bio cing gii khdng bio cing Idnj S6 2: BDKN ve cdu tao te hdo thUc vdt tren vdi khii nifm tdng quit nhat li te bdo thfle vat Dung tfl ndi ket hpp mien kien thfle ldn lai thdnh mpt "ban kien thfle" hodn chinh Bdn hodn thdnh se tra ldi dflpc ciu hdi trpng tim: Te bdo thfle vit dflpc cau tao nhfl the ndo? Bflde 6: Dfla eac vi du Bflde 7: Hifu dinh vd hodn thifn ban Kiem tra 1^ tinh Idgic vd tinh dung din cua BDKN (xem Sd 2) Ket luan BDKN da va dang dupc su: dyng hieu qua rat nhilu ITnh vuc khac nhau, dd cd ITnh v\rc giao dye va dao tao Trong day hpc Sinh hpc ndi rieng va day hpc Sinh hpc ndi chung, vifc su: dyng ban khai nifm mang 1^1 hifu qua cap, gdp phan phat triln tu sang tao cho ngudi hpc Bai Viet chung tdi de cap den quy trinh xay dung ban khai niem day hpc Sinh hpc bang phin mim Cmap Tools Vdi quy trinh nay, hy vpng se gdp phin hudng dan giap vien giang day Sinh hpc d trudng THCS tap lip dupc ban dd khai nifm de van dung vdp qua trinh d^y hpc mpt each hieu qua Tai lifu tham khao Nguyin Phflc Chinh "Ca sa ly thuyit cua BDKN" Tap chi Giap d,yc, so 210, 2009 Tran Ba Hoanh, Bui Phuong Nga, Tran Hong Tam, Trjnh Thi Bich Ngpc Ap dung dgy vd hgc tich cifc mon Sinh hgc NXB D^i hpc Su ph^m Ha Npi, 2005 Nguyin Quynh Lien Xdy dgng vd siir dung BDKN dgy hoc phdn sinh hgc te bdo bgc trung hoc phd thdng Luan van Thae si Giao due hpc Trudng DHSP, Dai hpc Hul, 2008 Nguyen Quang Vinh, Hoang Thj San, Nguyin Phuang Nga, Trjnh Thi Bich Ngpc Sinh hoc 6, Nha xuit ban Giap dye Abstract: This article addresses the design process with concept map by Cmap Tools in teaching the sixth grade biology This process includes seven steps: (1) Identify the topic, key concepts; (2) Identification of related concepts; (3) Arrange the concepts; (4) Connect the concept; (5) Determine the horizontal seams; (6) Provide examples; (7) Editing and finishing maps TAP CHi THII^BI GIAO DUC-sd 79-3/2012 • 19 ... ngang — chi sau d6 I DUa cic vf dy ] — i * m r« T sau 6b •[ V nghTa cua khii nif m trtrdc 66 »[Hlfu dfnh v i hoin thifn bin dd [— \i—*-\ ^''''8" c*^>"h ''»'' b*" ^ cho Ph" h ^ Sd 1: Quy trinh thiet... sau d6 Khii nifm t5ng qui xep trfn dinh - ^1 s i p xfp cic khii nifm — th«o cich khii nifn cv thlT xfp d dudi •au d6 -bingU f n k i t cic khii nifm MOI t f n c6 gin nhin L- gSm budc \ cau d6 MffI... Viet chung tdi de cap den quy trinh xay dung ban khai niem day hpc Sinh hpc bang phin mim Cmap Tools Vdi quy trinh nay, hy vpng se gdp phin hudng dan giap vien giang day Sinh hpc d trudng THCS tap