NGHIEN cufu & UfNG DUNG SiK OUNG PHAN MEM lEGTORA TRONG OAY HOC G H H U N G TRJHH HOA QUY TRINH THIET KE VA TO CHLfC BAI HOC • GS TS Oinh Quang Bao TrUdng Dai hgc Supham Ha Noi V iec tang eu''''dng tinh[.]
NGHIEN cufu & UfNG DUNG SiK OUNG PHAN MEM lEGTORA TRONG OAY HOC GHHUNG TRJHH HOA: QUY TRINH THIET KE VA TO CHLfC BAI HOC • GS TS Oinh Quang Bao - ThS Hoang Thj Thuy Nga TrUdng Dai hgc Supham Ha Noi iec tang eu'dng tinh tich cifc va tinh phan hoa day hpc dang la van de mang tinh thdi SLf ciia giao due hien dai Nac thang cao nhat muc tieu ddi mdi phifdng phap day hpc (PPDH) hien la hu'dng den qua trinh tif hpc, tif kiem tra danh gia va tif dieu chinh, nghia la "bie'n qua trinh dao tao qua trinh tif dao tao" Day hpc chu'dng trinh hoa (DH CTH) co nhieu kha nang dap ling cac yeu cau dd Khai niem DHCTH DH CTH du'dc nha tam ly hpc ndi tie'ng ngifdi My B.F.Skinner de xuat vao dau nhtfng nam 50 ciia the ky XX Chugng trinh hoa thifc chat la sif chia npi dung day hpc nhti'ng ddn vi nhd lien he vdi theo mpt cau tnic logic chat che, dinh hifdng ngu'di hpc gia cong tri tue theo logic dd de ITnh hpi tri thii'c Nguyen li ctia kieu giao due tuan theo quy tac tam 11 ctia Descartes: "Chia mdi khd khan ma ta nghien ciili nhiing phan nhd den mii'c cd the du'dc nhu'ng tong ket lai cd the thu du'dc hieu qua cao nhat" V Trong DH CTH, npi dung difdc chia nhd ttfng nguyen to' thdng tin (NTTT) cd tinh chat hoan chinh ve mat logic va du'dc ma hda cac cau hdi, du'dc sap xe'p theo mpt trat tif nhat dinh; boat dpng cua ngu'di hpc cung du'dc chia ttfng bifdc Moi bifdc hpc tap deu difdc kiem tra, viec chuyen sang giai doan tie'p theo phu thupc vao chat lu'dng ITnh hpi cua giai doan trifdc GV khdng can thiep trifc tie'p vao hoat dpng hpc tap ciia HS ma chinh cac em tif life lam viec theo sif hu'dng dan cua chifdng trinh day dd Bai hpc CTH giiip ea biet hoa boat dpng hpc theo kha nang ciia HS, qua dd phat huy den miic cao nhat tinh tich cifc, tif life ciia cac em hpc tap hoa dgy hgc, phdt huy ldi da khd ndng tuhgc, tukiein Ira vd tt^ dieu chinh S\i phu htfp ciia phan mem Lectora viec h6 trcf cho PPDH CTH Phan mem Lectora Trivantis cung cap, nd hd trd mpt each rpng rai nhtfng kieu phifdng tien thdng dung nhu' la van ban, hinh anh, am thanh, phim, boat hinh Ngoai ra, cd ca nhting cdng nghe du'dc u'a chupng tren Intemet nhu' Shockwave, Flash, HTML, Java, JavaScipt, ASP.NET Lectora cdn cd kha nang giiip tao tai heu hd trd E - learning, tao E - book, cac bai trinh dien Doi vdi viec hd trd thie't ke bai hpc CTH, phan mem Lectora td Ifu the hdn ban vi nd ed nhieu tinh nang phti hdp: - Cho phep thie't ke nhieu loai cau hdi trac nghiem khac Do dd, chiing tdi difa nhau, ke ca cau hdi tif luan dinh nghTa khai niem DH nham phat huy td'i da kha CTH nhif sau: DH CTH la mgt nang tif duy, khdng gay cam PPDH tich ct/c, ngi giac nham chan cho HS dung kien thiCc dugc chia nho qua trinh tif hpc thdnh tdng NTTT co moi quan - Tao sieu hen ket giiJa cac he chgt che theo mgt cdu true phifdng an tra ldi ciia eau hdi logic nhd't dinh tgo thdnh mgt mpt each dl dang, theo mpt chuang trinh cd bdn chd't algo- quy trinh chat che nen rat phti rit nham tdng cUdng tinh phdn hdp vdi cac chifdng trinh phan Sd 64 thang 12 nam 2010 NGHIEN ClJfU & OfNG DUNG 'S»itmimamaimimamisimisi:sf:&iismmM3^' aBSaSKS^SS hoach phan bd' thdi gian hpc hdp li - Khdng cho phep quay trd lai cau da chpn, khdng cho sang tim hieu eau tie'p theo chifa chpn cau trifdc dd nen HS khdng the tien chpn cau tra ldi, ma ddi hdi phai tif duy, suy nghT can than tru'dc quyet dinh, tranh sif do'i phd nhanh, cho dti cd nhieu du'dng di phiJc tap den dau chang nUa cting se difdc giai quye't de dang vdi Lectora, day la dieu dae biet nhat cua phan mem so vdi cae PMDH khac hien - Cd the quy dinh thdi gian cho bai hpc, thdi gian se difdc dem ngifde nham kieh thich HS boat dpng, tii len ke' BircTC Plian tich logic noi dung bai hoc nuac :' Birac ' Xiic Jinh muc tieu Ciai duan I Lap bang trpng so chia noi dung kien thirc cac NTTT Thiet f ke Bir(Tc Xay dyng cac lieu kien ihiic |; bai ' hoc BircVc : BuiTc : Thiel ke kich ban ''iTnli" tlie hien cau Inic logic cua chuang trinh Dong goi bai hpc CTH bang phan mem Lectora Bu'crc l ~ ^ Xac dinh nhiem vy hoc tap To chirc cho HS l\f hgc Buac theo PPDH CTH vai s\r Buac HD ciia GV ButJc ' Bu-crc : To chirc cho Its ttr hgc, tu KTDG theo PPDH CTH J„_ A Thao luan ^ ^ i Tong kei va van dung Xac dinh nhifm vu hgc tap _^ ^._ ^A Buac - Ty hgc tu KTDG bang bai hoc CTH Bucrc - khong CO su HD cua GV HS tu Ure nghien ciru bai hoc CTH Buac I y nhan ,\et va dieu chinh viec hgc Tong ket va \ a n dung Sifitd 1: Quy trinli thiet kevd tdcln'ic hui hoc Sinh hoc theo PPDH CTH) - Cd the quy dinh ty trpng diem cho ttfng cau ttfng phan theo y su' pham cua ngifdi thiet ke'nen rat de phan loai HS vi ne'u di cac difdng khae se dan den ke't qua diem khdng giong - Sau HS tra lt1i mdi cau hdi, phan mem se lap ttfc eho phan hoi de khang dinh cau tra ldi dd la dting hay sai, neu sai thi sai d chd nao, giiip ngifdi hpc eung cd' niem tin vao kien thtfc eua minh - Ket qua se xuat hien bai lam ket thiic nham giiip HS tif danh gia va tif dieu ehinh ttfc khac, cd the gii'i ket qua qua email Ket qua difdc chifdng trinh cham mpt ctteh tif dpng nen hoan toan khach quan Quy trinh thie't ke' va to chu'c bai hoc Sinh hoc 11 theo PPDH CTH 3.1 Nguyen tac xay difng quy trinh * Nguyen tdc thiet ke bdi hgc: - Dam bao tinh khoa hpc, tinh sif pham - Dam bao tinh linh boat ciia chifctng trinh - Dam bao tinh trifc quan, tinh tham my - Sif dung phan mem thich hdp de phiit huy td'i da ifu diem cua DH CTH * Nguyen tac tochUc bdi hgc: - DaiTi bao cae dieu kien can thie't cho viec td chii'c bai hpc - Dam bao phd'i hdp DH So 64 thang 12 nam 2010 NGHIEN cijfu & Q N G D U N G CTH vdi mdt so PPDH tich cifc khac mdt each hieu qua - Dam bao phat huy td'i da tinh tich cifc, tif life ciia HS 3.2 Quy trinh thiet ke va to chufc bai hoc Sinh hpc 11 theo PPDH CTH vdi siT ho trgf cua phan mem Lectora Sau xac dinh du'dc cac nguyen tac cd ban va phan mem thich hdp, chting tdi da cd cd sd vtihg chac de tien hanh nghien ctili de xuat quy trinh thie't ke va to chii'c bai hpc Sinh hpc 11 theo PPDH CTH gom cd giai doan chlnh nhu' sau: - Giai doan 1: Giai doan thie't ke - Giai doan 2: Giai doan to chu'c Giai doan thiet ke ddng vai trd vd cung quan trpng, vi bai hpc du'dc thiet ke cd chat lifdng thi viec td chii'c mdi hieu qua Ngu'dc lai, giai doan to chii'c chinh la mpt nhiJng can ciJ de xac dinh cac muc tieu thiet ke, dong thdi cting la thifdc nham kiem dinh chat lu'dng ciia qua trinh thie't ke Muc dich ciia quy trinh la hinh va phat huy td'i da kha nang tii hpc, tif kiem tra danh gia va tif dieu chinh ciia HS, day chinh la "tam giac vang" day hpc theo hu'dng tich cifc hien Kelt luan Tai lieu Sinh hpc hien vd cung da dang va phong phii nhuhg tinh tifdng tac giiJa tai lieu vdi ngifdi hpc cdn yeu, cdn phu thudc nhieu vao sif chu Tang cuttig hdp tac hdi mpt he thd'ng dtmg, chdi, thiet bi day hpc day du va dat chuan ve chat lifdng Hai nifdc chiing ta cd nen van hda lau ddi, mang nhiilig sac thai chung cua Chau A, giao due hai nu'dc cd nhieu net tu'dng dong; chinh vi vay cac thiet bi giao due cua Trung Qudc phan ldn Cling thich lihg phuc vu cho giao due Viet Nam Tuy vay, de phat huy hieu qua hdn nffa, tdi mong rang cac doanh nghiep Trung Quoc hay phd'i hdp, lien ke't vdi cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam de san xuat va cung tihg nhiihg thiet bi giao Tai lieu tham khao Nguyen Thi Mai Lan, Hu'dng dan sil diing Lectora, DU an dao tao giao vien THCS, Ha Noi 2006 Le Nguyen Long, Thuf di tim nhCfng phufdng phap day hoc hieu qua, NXB Giao due 2002 M Mongmolanh, Day hoc chu'dng Irinh hoa, NXB Dai hoc su' pham 1973 (Tiep theo trang 2) due phil hdp, dap tihg chu'dng trinh, giao trinh, sach giao khoa; phu hdp vdi dieu kien kinh te va truyen thong, ban sac nen giao due Viet Nam Tdi nghl rang Hpi nghi hom cua chiing ta cting di theo hifdng dd Mpt van de tdi can nhaii manh them la Nha nifdc Viet Nam dang khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep nifdc ngoai dau tif va lien ket san xuat tai Viet Nam Vdi nguon tai chlnh, cdng nghe va kinh nghiem cua cac ban ket hdp vdi nang life hien cd ciia cac doanh nghiep So 64 thang 12 nam 2010 quan va kha nang khai thac kien thti'c cua ngu'di hpc Tru'dc thifc te dd thi viec thiet ke du'dc mdt tai lieu cd nhieu uli diem vofdt trpi nhu" bai hpc CTH bang phan mem Lectora la viec lam vd cung can thiet, hdn nuSi bai hpc cdn difdc sif dung nhieu tru'dng hdp tif hpc khac nhau, the hien tinh tu'dng tac va phat huy tinh tich cifc, tif life ciia HS d mii'c cao nhat.B Viet Nam va cd che chinh sach cua Viet Nam, nhat dinh chiing ta se cd nhiihg san pham chat lifdng tot, mang tinh canh tranh cao thda man nhu cau cua thi tnfdng giao due Viet Nam Tdi hy vpng rang Hpi nghi se tao bifdc dot pha mdi doi vdi cac boat dpng ciia doanh nghiep san xuat va cung iihg thiet bi giao due cua hai nifdc Tdi xin chiic cac ban nhiJng d Viet Nam bo ich va hieu qua Xin chiic cac Quy vi cd mat hdm sii'c khde, nhieu may man, hanh phiic va dat." ... duy, suy nghT can than tru''dc quyet dinh, tranh sif do''i phd nhanh, cho dti cd nhieu du''dng di phiJc tap den dau chang nUa cting se difdc giai quye''t de dang vdi Lectora, day la dieu dae biet... ,\et va dieu chinh viec hgc Tong ket va \ a n dung Sifitd 1: Quy trinli thiet kevd tdcln''ic hui hoc Sinh hoc theo PPDH CTH) - Cd the quy dinh ty trpng diem cho ttfng cau ttfng phan theo y su'' pham... cham mpt ctteh tif dpng nen hoan toan khach quan Quy trinh thie''t ke'' va to chu''c bai hoc Sinh hoc 11 theo PPDH CTH 3.1 Nguyen tac xay difng quy trinh * Nguyen tdc thiet ke bdi hgc: - Dam bao