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NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG QUY TRINH s O DUNG BAN DO KHAI NIEM TRONG DAY HOC MON SINH HOC IS Pham Binh Van, CN Hi Minh Quang Tru&ng B(ii Ape Ddng Thdp ABSTRACT This article addresses the role of concept ma[.]
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG QUY TRINH s O DUNG BAN DO KHAI NIEM TRONG DAY HOC MON SINH HOC IS Pham Binh Van, CN Hi Minh Quang Tru&ng B(ii Ape Ddng Thdp ABSTRACT This article addresses the role of concept map and using it in teaching biology Concept map can connect the knowledges to one systems, so helping students to remember, apply to real situations Concept map may be used in all stages of teaching process While teaching new knowledges, this process includes six steps: Orienting to aware of concept; Identification of concepts; Arranging and cormcecting the concepts; Providing examples; Finishing concept map; Commenting on concept map Tit khda: Ban khdi niem, he thong, kien thue mai, su dung, dgy hoc Ngiy Itl4n bit: 14/4/2014, duyfl Ung: 2S/4/2014 Dat v^n Sk a, Khdi ni^m ve bdn {to khdi ni^m (BBKN) Ban khai ni^m (Concept Maps) la nhihig cong cy thi de sip xep v^ trinh bay kien thirc Chiing bao gom cde khdi ni?m, thudng dugc d6ng khung edc hinh tr6n hay cdc hinh chi^ nh jt vd m6i quan h^ gita cdc khai ni?m duge th6 hi^n dudi dang dudng noi giua hai khdi ni^m Cdc tir tren dudng noi la cae tCr noi hay edc cum t i noi, ehi r5 moi quan he gifta hai khdi niem ft Vai trb cua ban Ob khdi nifm Bdn khdi ni?m (BDKN) cd tdc dyng ket n6i cde kien thurc da cd vdi cdc ki^n thue mdi de tir dd hinh nen mgt h? thong kien thie mdi eao hon cho ngudi hpc Djy hge BDKN giup ngudi hgc nhd lau kiin thurc, biet edeh vjn dyng, lien h? thyc te c Ifu diim BDKN Irong qud trinh day hgc BDKN ed the dugc sii dyng d tat cd cdc khdu qud trinh d^iy hgc: Day hgc kiin thirc mdi; on t^p, cung co; kiem tra, ddnh gid; ty hge d nhd BDKN dugc sii dyng djy hge d cac mirc d0 nOi dung kiin thirc khdc Tham chi cd thi sii dyng cho cd mgt mjch ngi dung kien thirc 1^ Gido vien (GV) sir dyng BDKN de h$ thdng kiin thirc mgt cdch khoa hgc va logic, ngi dung bdi hpe dugc thi hi^n trin bdn mgt edeh tryc quan ma khong bj bo s6t y Khong nh&ng the, sijr dung BDKN giup GV t^o cac hinh thue hgc tap khae nhau, siJr d^ng linh ho^t cde phuang phap day hge, phoi h(?p su dyng cdc thiet bj d?y hgc g6p phan doi m6i phuong phdp d^y hgc hi^n d Moi liin hf giOa BDKN va sdch gido khoa BDKN co moi quan he chat ehS vd thong nhat vdi SGK SGK la co sd d i hgc sinh (HS) tiep nhjn ki6n thilc Su dung vd khai thac kien thiie t i thiet bj djy hgc giup HS hieu bdi va the hi?n lai su hieu biet ay thong qua BDKN Day lid kenh thong tin phdn hoi rat thiet thyc tir HS doi vdi GV GV ed the dya vdo d6 de nam bat lugng thong tin md HS tiip nh?n dugc, til dd ed hudng diSu chinh ddi vdi HS va cdch day cua minh cho phii hgp Sir dung BDKN khau day kien thirc mdi a Quy Irinh sir dung BBKN Irong dfy hgc kien thirc nM BDKN cd thi van dyng d tat ed ede khau ciia qua trinh day hgc Tuy nhien, ehung tdi thay ring v?n dyng BDKN de dfiy kiin thire mdi se phdt huy dugc hi?u qud cao (Hinh 1) Cd rat nhieu hinh thirc to chire d?y hgc theo hudng dp dyng BDKN djy kiin thirc mdi TAP CHl THlfTBIGlAO Dgc-S(i 105-5/2014 • 23 NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG BindJkhAiiifnj Hinh 1: Bdn dd khdi niim vi quy trinh sd dung BDKN de dgy kiin thirc mdi No tiiy thugc vao ngi dung tijmg myc, tung bai hgc, tiiy thugc vao nang lyc tu eua timg tuoi HS va nhdt la phuang phap giang day cua timg GV Theo chung tdi, dl ap dung BDKN day hgc mang lai hieu qua cao thi nen theo hudng quy ngp khai niem tgo BDKN Theo each nay, HS se chu ddng tim eac khai niem mdi, lien kit cac khai niem dd lgi de hinh dianh mdt "so d6 kiln thdc mdi" Quy trinh su dyng BDKN dgy hgc kien thdc mdi theo hudng quy nap gdm cac bude sau: * Dinh hudng Ddy la bude dau tign cua quy trinh, nd anh hudng dgn hieu qua va hoat dgng cua cac bude cdn lai cua quy trinh HS se ITnh hgi kiln thue mdt each tdt nhat HS thay cd sy mau thuIn van dg GV neu Sy mau thudn dd la ddng lyc thue day HS ty giac tim tdi dl lam sang td mau thuln Digu quan trgng nhat d bude la vdn de ma GV dat phai thyc sy chua dyng "mau thudn ed van de " Mudn vay, vdn dl ma GV dgt phai thda man hai dieu kien sau: Ban than vdn dl phai chOra dyng su mau thuln ngi tai giiJa kiln thurc cu - HS da biet va kiln thirc mdi - HS se tim hieu; Van de dd hoan toan cd thl giai quylt dugc HS nghien cihi cac ndi dung SGK theo hudng din ciia GV * Xac dinh cac khai niem Day la "edng 24 • TAP CHi THI^BI GIAO PyC-Sd 105-5/2014 cy dan ddt" giup HS di dung hudng qua trinh di tim dap an cua van de ma GV da neu d bude bude yeu edu HS dge cac thdng tin SGK va tim eac khai ni^m, m$nh de da hgc va cac khai niem, menh de mdi D I dan ddt HS thyc hi^n tot bude nay, GV se dua cac cau hdi Trong qua trinh tra Idi cac eau hoi se lam xuat hign cac j^j^^j ni^j^ ^dn tim * Sdp xIp cac khai ni^m v i gdn nhan GV hudng din HS sap xIp cae khai niem tim dugc nhu: khai nifm Idn hon, tong quat hon xIp d tren (bgn trai); khai niem nhd, cy the xep d bgn dudi (bgn phai) Diing dudng mui tgn dl noi eac khai nifm lgi vdi mgt cdch hgp Iy nhat Sau do, gdn nhSn dl tgo mdi quan h$ giua cac khdi nifm vdi Nhan ndm d khoang chinh giiJa mui ten n6i hai Idiai niem Nhd viec "gdn nhan" ma xac djnh mdi quan he giiia cac khai niem rigng le va noi chung mgt hg thdng khai niem thdng nhdt cd y nghTa * Dua cdc vi du Vi dy la bilu hifn cy the ciia mgt khai nifm Thdng qua vifc HS cho cae vi du minh hga, GV se danh gia dugc kha nang, muc dg ITnh hgi ndi dung kien thirc GV cung ed the sir dung vi dy de giai thich them ve khai nifm cho HS hilu r5 han, sau han * Hoan chinh TCr vi du dung d buoc tren va thdng qua viec phan tich vi dy, GV yeu cdu HS nhgn xet BDKN vira mdi tgo la chinh xac hay can bd sung, sua chGa lai cho hoan chinh * Nhan xet Day la bude cuoi cClng quy trinh, GV sg ngu nhgn x6t ve each hgc, each nghign cuu tai lifu cua HS de tir dd giup HS dan dan hinh dugc mgt phuong phap hgc hifu NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG n-»'l(bi*iiiaphaiiihiii«pliucbla]->}f •cHa—» IrbiaphiBrt "1 HinHliMh I nhin ] [ont Hinh 2: Bdn dd khdi ni^m ve suphdn chia cua ti bdo titifc vgt qua bang BDKN Lau dai, hudng tdi hinh phuang phap ty hgc dung ddn cho HS b Vi dfi minh hoa: Sir dung bdn dS khdi niPm di day kiin thirc mdi phdn Suphdn chia te bdo (mifc 2, bdi 8, Sinh hpc 6) Bude 1: Thyc vat dugc cau tgo bdi cac tl bao cung nhu ngdi nha dugc xay dyng bdi cac vien ggch Nhung ngdi nha khdng thl ty Idn lgn ma thyc vat lai idn len dugc Co the thyc vat Idn lgn dugc la dau? Qua trinh dd diln nhu thl nao d cdp dg te bdo? Bude 2: Yeu cau HS dgc thSng tin d myc SGK + quan sdt hinh 8.2 va tra ldi cac cau hdi sau; - Quan sat hinh 8.2 va ngu sy bign doi chinh diln d tl bao? Te bao phan chia nhu the nao? -> HS xac djnh dugc cae khai niem: 01 te bao trudng thanh, phan chia, hinh nhan, chat tl bao phan chia, vach te bao hinh thanh, 02 tl bdo J, - cac te bao d bd phan nao cd kha nang phan chia?-^HS xac djnh dugc khai niem: T I bao md phan sinh mdi phan chia - Sy Idn len va phan chia cua te bao co y nghTa nhu the nao doi vdi ddi song thyc vat? ->HS xac djnh dugc khai nifm: Te bao phan chia va Idn len giup thyc vat sinh trudng va phat trien Bude 3: To chuc eho HS sdp xep cac khai nifm mgt cdch logic, sau dd su dyng cac lien tir de noi hai khai nifm lgi vdi Bude 4: Ygu cau HS dua mgt sd vi dy ve sy phan chia te bao thyc vat Sy phan chia te bao thyc vat cd y nghTa gi ddi vdi thyc vat? Bude 5: Ygu cdu HS tdm tdt lai cac "bude" chinh qua trinh phan chia te bao thyc vat Thilt lap lai bdng BDKN ve sy phan chia ciia te bao thyc vgt Bude 6: Kilm tra lai tinh logic va tinh diing ddn eua ban khai niem Ket luan ,BDKN da dugc sii dyng hieu qua "^ieu ITnh vyc khae nhau, cd ITnh vyc giao dye ^^ va ^^o dao t^^tao Trong day hoc hgc Sinh Sinh hgc, «'^o