TIM HIEUl UIMG DUNG SO BO TU DUV 06 LÎ P DflN V TflONG DnV HOC VAN MICU Tfl lOP 5 LE PHUONG NGA TrUcrng OH Can The* | Trudng DHSP Ha Noi 1 De Vfet duoc mdt bdi ran mieu td hodn chinh, hgc sinh (HS) c[.]
TIM H I E U l UIMG DUNG SO BO TU DUV 06 LI^P DflN V TflONG DnV HOC VAN MICU Tfl lOP LE P H U O N G NGA Trudng DHSP Ha Noi TrUcrng OH Can The* | D e Vfet duoc mdt bdi ran mieu td hodn chinh, hgc sinh (HS) cSn ed rdt nhieu ki nang nhl/: xde dinh dung yiu cdu cua di bdi; quan sdt, tim y miiu td; ldp ddn y; viet thdnh dogn vdn, thtfc hiin liin kit dogn; viit thdnh bdi vdn vd sau cung Id cd kindng chinh sCfa hodn chinh bdi Idm Trong cdc kindng trin, ldp ddn y Id khdu vd ciing quan vd khdng di doi vdi da so hgc sinh Niu khdng biit cdch ldp ddn y, bdi vdn cOa cdc em si ldn xdn, thiiu y, Idp tif didm child thiiu cdc phdn chinh cOa bdi vdn nhuMd bdi hodc Kit bdi Vi thi, dehgc tot thi logi vdn miiu td, HS cdn thdnh thgo kindng ffien chdt ndy Trong dd, sadd tuduy (SDTD) Id mdt cdng cu dung ditap hep vd triin khai y mdt edch hiiu qud Nhdng Cfng dung eua SDTD vdo day hcK Tdp Idm van cho HS tiiu hoc bude dau dd cd nhOng kit qud rd ret Niu hgc sinh biet cdch dung SDTD khdu tim y vd lap ddn y Idm vdn miiu td, cdc em khdng chi xdy dung duac ddn y mdt cdch hieu qud md khd ndng Hen tUdng, tUdng tUOng cua cdc em cung dugc boi dudng ren luyen diphdt triin han I.Mddau 1.1 Khdi lugc visa tuduy lai nhijng kinh nghiem da cd, lam choytudng ciia ede em eang phong phii, sang tao So dd tu 6\igc xem la mdt phuong tien trUcquan dcfn gidn ed UU di«n vigcgiup san sinh, hinh dung cung nhueau true vd phan logi cdc y tudng Trong day hpe cdng cu ndy la mdt cdch hdU hieu de biln nhufng y tUdng va suy nghi rdi rac t i n man thdnh so dd cd cau tnie va hinh I n h rd rdng Hon t h l , nd tao sU biing no y tudng, giup HS lien k i t vd gpi nhd Cau tnie eiia mdt SDTD gdm ed: Phan ehii de (ndi dung ehinh), elc nhinh ehinh (trien khai eho chil dl), nhanh phu (triln khai nhanh chinh}, phan ki hieu, bilu tupng, tranh Inh kem theo 64 lam cho so them sinh ddng, de hinh dung, lien tudng Vidu: (Nhanh pliy] Nhanh p h v - VNhdoh chinh Oianh phy] nanhanh •.Tianh phyi) Nhanh p h u - ' tnohuA pflrinhphy] tranbjoh iNhanhcM^!"^ p^Jbaah Hinh Minh hoa cdu true cua so ad tuduy 15 KIEN T H U C l 1.2 Dgy hgc l/on mieu td Chuang trinh Tiing npi dung v l phuong phdp dgy hpe Vin midu td Dilu ndy t h l hidn rd qua ede bUPc x i y dpng mdt SBTD, Viet Idp Chuong trinh Van midu td Idp ddnh 26 t i l t cho vigc t d xle djnh ehii d l ehfnh, sau dd md rdng, triln khai mang lUdi y tddng d i n d i l n dat t h i n h Idi Qui trinh ren luygn v i l t v i n migu td (td cinh, t l ngddi) n i y phdi chii trpng ygu elu v l tinh mach lac, Idgic vd Bdi tupng midu t l cic b l i vdn td cdnh k h i mang d I u I n e l nhin phong phu, bao gdm nhilu cdnh khde nhUng cung r i t gan gui vdi ddi sdng hdng ngiy ciia cdc em Cdn ed sau ciing Id dde d i l m tdm li cua HS tieu hgc nhU: td mdt budi ngdy, t l hign tUong thign dd I I die d i l m t u mang d i m m l u sle xiic cdm nhien, t l cinh sdng nude, td trudng hpe, t l cinh d?p v l trpc quan, h i n h ddng cu t h l , cd chuyin dan d dia phdOng em HS ein dUpe trang bj nhdng k i l n td tinh eu t h l sang trdu tuong khii qudt nhUng cdn thdc v l ki ndng c i n t h i l t d l v i l t mpt bdi vdn td einh, d mde dp so khai VI t h l , SDTD vdi du t h l ve each elu tao ciia b l i van t l cinh, quan sit, l i p d i n y, hodn t h l hign trye quan se gidp HS d l n i m b i t ndi dung chinh doan vdn, lign k i t dogn, thay ddi gde quan sdt trpng t i m , tao cho HS cd hdng thu, Id d i l u kign md theo khdng gian v l thdi d i l m quan sit theo thdi gian nhdng lign tudng, tudng tupng sing tao v l ddi tuong d l tgo nhdng phdt hign mdi ml Ciing vay d t h l m i l u t l logi van td ngudi, ehuong trinh cung d p cho HS kiln thdc va ki nang ve elu tao bdi vdn td ngudi, quan 2.2 HUdng ddn HS ve Sa d6 tU dgy hgc sat, lap d i n y, v i l t dogn vdn migu t l ngogi hinh, hogt Van miiu td ddng, tinh cdch ciia mdt ngudi nao dd Chudn bi: Chuong trinhTdp lam vdn Idp chu yeu ren luyen cho HS nhdn biit cdch td thdng qua day cde ki ndng quan sdt tim vd sdp xip y quan sdl, biit triin khai moi y di ndi vd viet thdnh doan, biit cdch sdp xip y de vHt thdnh bdi 5BTD la mdt edng ey ho trp die lUc 64 thuc hien mye tieu qud trinh day hpe Van mieu td Trong bai viet niy, ehimg tdi mudn dUa goi y v l quy trinh hudng dan HS khai thdc cdc chdc nang eiia SBTB de lap dan y cho mdt bai van mieu td eu the chuang trinh Tdp lam v i n Idp HUcing dan hoc sinh limg dung sd t u de lap dan y day hoc Van mieu t l Idp 2.1 Can cddi hudng ddn HS Ung dung Sadd tuduy dgy hgc Van mieu td Cin cd trude tien de huPng dan HS dng dung SDTD day hoe v i n migu t l Id muc tieu eua Chuong trinh Tilu hoc mdi ddi vdi viec day hpe t h l loai Van mieu t l : khdng day ki tdng ddi tuong mieu t l m l ehd y l u dgy HS biet each t l thdng qua hinh thdnh cdc kT nang bd phan Viec eung cap eho HS mdt edng eu d l giup cac em hg thdng v l ren luyen ede ki nang I I vd eiing can thilt Thd hai, theo li thuylt ve cac bude hinh t h i n h hanh ddng tri tue eiia P.IA Galperin - nha t i m Ji hoc boat ddng, hdnh ddng l l m van eiia HS dUpe trien khai theo hudng: Phdn tich de b l i (phan dinh hudng hdnh dpng) - Lap sP vd t r i l n khai y - Dien dat y tudng (phan thuc hien hanh ddng) Can cd thd ba la sd phu hop gida SDTD vdi yeu eau, 16 BANTINGlAODUCTdXA&TAICHaC Vlt dung: td giay t r l n g vdi kieh thudc phii hpp tdng mue dich day hoc, hdp but sdp nhieu mau Xdc djnh ygu cau eda d l , ede t d khda d l Idm ehii de cho Sd - Tdp hop y, tranh I n h , lien quan d i n ehii d l Tien hdnh: Md td chil d l eiia So b i n g mdt td, cym td ngin ggn (Id td khda de bli) hay hinh I n h dvjtri phil hpp eho ndi bat v l m l u sle, kieh thudc Dat v l t r l Idi c i u hdi lien quan den chii d l eang nhilu edng tdt (sd dung phuong phdp ddng nao) Chu y, GV cd t h l hd trp eho HS d bude niy bing eleh xdy dung he thong edu hdi goi y, trinh tinh trang HS ngu elc y chung chung, d i n d i u , khdng dae trung eho ddi tupng mieu t l Td chil d l , ve nhCfng nhanh dam (nhinh chinh) va g i n td, cym t d khda (hay hinh dnh) tren nhanh Cd t h l thdm tranh I n h minh hpa eho sinh ddng tiiy theo mgch lidn tudng, tudng tUpng Td nhanh ehinh, md eae nhinh phu vdi kieh thudc nhd hon v l tien hanh tUOng tu Gin ket y b i n g cdeh danh dau mui tdn hoae d i n h sd thd ti/ trUdc sau Chii y, nhCfng nhinh chfnh va nhanh phy d i u I I dudng cong de t r i n h sU khd khan eiia elc dudng t h i n g , sU phdn bae phdi dupc the hign b i n g m l u sle khie Hodn thienBo sung hinh I n h , mdu sle can thilt Kiem tra lai td, ngd khda (hoac hinh Inh) Kilm tra lai tdng the Sd dd xem da c i n ddi va hop li chua Thi hiin: Td SDTD da hodn thanh, HS p h l i : T)M HI^U Diln daty b i n g ldi ndi Dien dat ^ bing cdeh viet (elu, doan, bdi) • Mdt so lUu y hudng dan HS ve SDTD: De d i m b i o yeu eau xde l i p tam midu t l vd lign k i t , mau sle va kich thude eda ede nhanh (ehinh, phy) phdi the hien d i l m nhin eiia cac trpng tdm, t h l hien sU lien k i t gida elc y khde bic va eimg bac rnau sle edn diing t h l hien e l m xue, dae trUng eiia ddi tupng So dd t u thudng trinh b i y theo ehilu ngang mpt each thdng thoang, moi ddng ehi cd mdt td ngd khda (tranh Inh) dupe dat tren vach lien k i t vd nhinh chinh dupe noi vdi chii d l bing net ddm, so la mpt he thdng md khdng gidi han nhdng tien tudng ddc ddo ve ddi tupng midu t l , b i t kl td ngd nao so cung ed t h l md rdng y mdt ehiim cdc lidn kit Bay Id nhdng ygu cau de d i m b i o tinh mach lac va ddc d i o ciia cua SBTD B l kich thich nhdng lien tuPng thii vj, GV cd the xay dung he thdng eau hdi nhim khie phye rdo edn tu Hudng dan HS dting bien phap so sanh, nhan hda qud trinh lidn tUdng, dien dgt 2.3 Ong dung Sadd tuduy dihudng ddn HS lap dan y cho bdi vdn mieu tad ldp * Giai doan Nhdn biit cdu tgo cua bdi van mieu td Lam quen vdi Sado tuduy Bai minh hoa Cau tao cua bai van tS cinh Muc tiiu: HS n i m duoc cau tgo ba phan (md bai, t h i n bdi, k i t bai) eiia mdt bdi vdn td eanh Cdch tien hdnh: Diing SBTD khai qudt kien thdc ve eau tao bai van ta eanh BUdc Chudn bi Dung eu: giay trlng A4, but mdu Phuong hudng: Xac djnh ehu d l chinh eua so dd la Ciu tao bai van t l einh Bade Tien hdnh Bat td giiy A4 n i m ngang Khi dd xde dinh chu de, elc em ey the hda ehu de bing cdc td khda (hoae hinh Inh) Bat but ve gida trang giay va lam ndi bat chii d l (Ciu tao bdi van td einh) theo phong cich ndng Ciu hdi goi y ciia gilo vien: + Bli van t l cinh dupe elu tao bdi may phin? (Bae T) + Trong tdng phan, cae em nen trinh bay nhiing ngi dung gi? (Bae 2) + Trong tiing ndi dung, ede em '.- r' "trien khai y ehi tilt hPn nda 6ugc khdng?Bd Id nhdng y nao? (Bac 3) Mdi edu hdi la mdt npi dung can trien khai, mdi npi dung Id mpt nhanh eiia so Tren mdi nhanh, HS cdn cd t h l triln khai tiep eae y nhd, bo sung hinh Inh, kf higu cho nhdnh Giao vien lUu y cac em chti y ve mau sde, tinh phan bae eiia so dd Cudi ciing, cac em dimg miii tdn chi sU gan ket y y kia, hoac ddnh so thdtu, ve cae dudng bao quat BLfdc Hodn thien Bo sung mau sac can thiet Kiem tra lai ehi tilt Kilm tra lai tdng the so cd cin ddi, dep mat khong Budc Thi hien ttiiotttia • iMtL -nSiam ici /"^fchdnqmC >wnq, Hinh Ong dung sa tU de tdm tdt ngi dung bdi hoc • '-(Lnqodlvi -'I,viel' V , dCcB l ^ SO 34-9/2012 lueu 17 >^Bffil!!niKi^N THOC] " Giai doan (fng dung sa d6 tU diphdn cdu tgo cua mdt bdi van miiu td cu thi tich Clu hdi gpi y eda g i l o vidn: + Tic g i l midu t l cinh Idng mae ngiy miia theo trinh t p n l o ? Bdi minh hoa CHu tao cua b l i v i n t l c i n h + Tic g i l chpn midu t l nhdng bd p h i n nio cua Muc tliu: HS b i l t p h i n tieh elu tao eiia mdt bdi v i n clnh?(B^cl) t l einh cy t h l + Trong tdng bd p h i n eCia einh, t i e gid d l chpn loc Cdch tiin hdnh: Dung SBTD d l phdn tieh elu tgo eda d l t l nhdng cinh, nhdng v l t nio? Tdc g i l dimg b l i vdn Quang ednh Idng mgc ngdy mua (Td Holi) cdc gllc quan n i o 64 quan sdt tdng einh v l t dd? (Ble 2) + Tic g i l migu t l nhdng cinh, nhdng vdt thdng qua BUdc L Chudn bi Dung ey: Giiy trdng A4, biit m l u , mdt sd tranh I n h cic t d ngd nio? (Bdc 3) (GVvdHS chuin bl trudc) + Cde em ed t h l diing nhdng hinh dnh nio d l minh PhUdng hudng: Xdc dinh chii d l chinh cua sd dd I I hpa cho cic t d ngd migu t l dd? Quang cdnh Idng mac ngdy mua BUdc Hodn thi^n BUdc Tiin hdnh Bd sung mdu sle ein t h i l t Bat t d gily A4 n i m ngang Kilm tra lai ehi tiet Cdc em ey t h l hda ehii d l bing cic td khda.Tle g i l midu Kilm tra Igi tdng t h l so dd ed e i n ddi, dep m i t khdng t l tifng bd phin eiia einh ndn tUkhda d l triln khai chii d l II nhCfng td t h l hidn timg phin cua cinh vlt BUdc Thi hiin Hinh t/ng dung SDTD diphdn tich cdu tgo bdi "Quang cdnh ldng mgc ngdy miia" 18 BAN TIN 6IA0 DUC Ttf XA & TAI CHtfC * Giai doan Ong dung sO tU di lap ddn y cho bai vdn mieu td cu thi Bai minh hoa Luyen tap t l cinh Muc tiiu: HS biet lap dan ^ t l ednh mdt budi va trinh bay theo dan y nhOng d i l u da quan sdt Cdch tien hdnh: Dung SBTD 64 l i p dan y eho bdi tap: Lap dan y bdi van t l cinh mdt budi sdng (hoae trUa, chieu) vUdn edy (hay cdng vien, tren dudng pho, tren cdnh ddng, nuOng ray) Budc Chudn bi Dyng cu: giay trlng A4, but mdu, mdt sd tranh I n h (HS chuan bj trude tiiy thudc vao cdnh ma cic em dinh tl) Phuong hudng: Xic dmh chii de chfnh ciia sP cd the la- Buoi sdng tren cdnh dong Bu6i chieu cdng viin, Buoi chiiu trin dudng phd Bude Tiin hdnh Hoc sinh cu t h l hda chii 64 bang cdc td khda (tiiy thudc vao cich mieu t l cac em chpn md co cac td khda theotrinhtuthdi gian haytdng phan ciia cdnh) Cdu hdi gpi y eiia gilo vien: + Cac em dmh mieu t l cinh gl va thdi diem nao? + Cie em chpn each mieu t l theo trinh tuthdi gian hay td tdng phin ciia cdnh? (Bdc 1) + Em diing nhdng giac quan nao de quan sat cinh? Em ehpn loe nhdng hinh Inh, chi tiet nao qud trinh quan sat d l dUa vao bai (Bac 2) + Moi hinh Inh, chi tiet cac em quan sat cd the dUpc mieu td bing nhdng td ngd nao? (Bac 3) + Cdc em ed the diing nhdng tranh I n h nao de minh hoa cho cac td ngd mieu t l do? + Nhdng hinh Inh, chi tiet ciia canh gpi cho em nhdng lien tudng, tudng tuong gl? (Bac 4) BUdc Hodn thiin Bd sung mau sic can thiet Kiem tra lai ehi tilt Kiem tra lai tong the so cd can ddi, dep mat khdng Budc4 The hien Hinh Cfng dung SDTD dildp ddn ycho bai vdn mieu td cdnh dong vao buoi sdng sdm SU 34-9/2012 19 KlgNTHQc] Khio nghiem tinh k h i thi v l hidu q u i cua vi6c dng dung Sd dd tU d l l i p d^n y day hpe van m i e u t i ldp 3.1.IVlucaich Ddnh g i l mde dd khd thi, tinh hl§u qud eiia vide dng dung SDTD day hpe l i p ddn y t h l loai v i n migu t l Idp 3.2 Cdch tiin hdnh a Phuong thUc t i l n hdnh Phdng v i n gilo vidn ddng Idp dgy ndi dung vdn midu t l Idp Day thd nghiem tren ddi tUpng hoc sinh Idp b c Ndi dung cy the Ndi dung phdng v i n gido vidn t i l u hpe xoay quanh hieu q u i eiia vigc dng dung SBTD vide day HS Idp ldp d i n y ndi ridng, day hpe Tip l l m vdn ndi chung, nhdng thudn lpi vd khd khan dng dung So dd t u day hpe t i p Idm vdn Td dd, tim h i l u nhdng bien p h i p hd trp (kiln nghj t d gido vign) cho vigc sd dung SBTD Qud trinh day thd nghigm tren ddi tUong HS Idp vao dau hpe kl I (Chuong trinh dang day van t l cdnh) Cu t h l Id d bdi Cdu tao bdi vdn td cdnh vd hai bai Luyen tdp td cdnh Pham VI cua vide khdo nghigm Phdng van hieu phd ehuyen mdn v l t h i y ed Dgy thuc nghiem trdn 10 hoc sinh Idp 3.3 Ddnh gid kit qud a D i n h gia dmh tinh Kit qud ghi chep, tong hpp sau qua trinh phdng van GV ve mde dd khd thi, tinh hidu q u i ciia vigc dng dyng SDTD cho thiy: 20 B*N TIN 61*0 DUC TtXAS TAI CHDC Sd dyng SDTD khdu lap d i n ^ I I cleh dgy mdi, p h i bd elch dgy khudn m l u , gd vdo dan y chung ciia GV Mdt khic, gdp p h i n kfeh thich hdng thil hpe t^p, n i n g cao e h I t Idpng dgy hoc p h i n mdn T?lp Idm vdn ndi ridng v l mdn Tiing Vi^t ndi chung Sd dung SDTD gid hpe Idm ndi bit tinh chii dpng eiia HS v l chii dgo eda GV, eu t h l HS II ngudi chil ddng tu d i t raclu hdi cho b l i llm,tUdotlmyvl md rdng y, GV ehi Id ngudi hUdng d i n vd hd trp Cde bude sd dyng SBTD hpe Tip idm van b i m sit theo mye t i l u ehuong trinh, td mye tigu If thuylt cho d i n thdc hdnh, vl t h l ed tinh khd thi eao GV ed t h l sd dung SDTD day hpe ede phan mdn khic HS cd t h l sd dyng SBTD d l rgn luygn tinh Idgic v l tU sdng tao eho minh d nhd nhu Id bdi luygn t i p b B l n h gid dinh lUpng Mdt sd thdng kg sau day hoc thuc nghigm: S6 lUdng hoe sinh ed t h l dde l i p x i y dung ddn y cho b l i van mieu t l c h i l m 80% (8/10 hpe sinh), dd, ed 63% (5/8 hoe sinh) biet elch trinh b i y SBTD hpp li, dep m i t v l budc dau ed sU lidn tudng, tudng tuong ede y m i i u t l Ket q u i day hoc thuc nghiem eho thay dng dung SBTB gdp p h i n phat t r i l n ki ndng vd thdi quen lap dan y trudc viet b l i van cho HS Ket luan Trong day hoc Tap l l m van, k h I u hudng dan HS lap ddn y I I k h I u quan trpng B l quy trinh sd dyng SDTD ed tinh k h i thi v l hieu q u i , GV can ehi dan HS theo diing trinh tp, diing ydu c l u de khdng chi p h i t trien k h i ndng tim y, trien khai y mdn hpe md cdn phdt huy khd ndng sdng tao, tudng tupng eho cie em O ... viet thdnh doan, biit cdch sdp xip y de vHt thdnh bdi 5BTD la mdt edng ey ho trp die lUc 64 thuc hien mye tieu qud trinh day hpe Van mieu td Trong bai viet niy, ehimg tdi mudn dUa goi y v l quy... tUdng, dien dgt 2.3 Ong dung Sadd tuduy dihudng ddn HS lap dan y cho bdi vdn mieu tad ldp * Giai doan Nhdn biit cdu tgo cua bdi van mieu td Lam quen vdi Sado tuduy Bai minh hoa Cau tao cua bai van... vien: + Bli van t l cinh dupe elu tao bdi may phin? (Bae T) + Trong tdng phan, cae em nen trinh bay nhiing ngi dung gi? (Bae 2) + Trong tiing ndi dung, ede em ''.- r'' "trien khai y ehi tilt hPn