HU''''CNG DAN QUAN LI sy DUNG Sir DUNG Sir 0 0 TV DUY DE CUNG CO KIEN THUC DAI HOC LICH SU 1 Y nghia cda vigc sir dyng sff do tu duy trong vigc cung CO kien thirc bdi hgc Ljch Sii d t r u ^ g pho thdng S[.]
HU'CNG DAN QUAN LI sy DUNG Sir DUNG Sir 0 TV DUY DE CUNG CO KIEN THUC DAI HOC LICH SU PGS TS Tr^n Vinh T u d n g ; Huynh Thi Mgng Thirdug Tru&ng Dgi hgc Suphgm - Dgi hgc Hue Y nghia cda vigc sir dyng sff tu- vigc cung CO kien thirc bdi hgc Ljch Sii d t r u ^ g thdng So dd tu dugc Tony Buzan nghien ciiu yd dua vdo img dyng tren thd gidi vao nhihig ndm 60 cua the ki XX, dng dugc \cni la cha de ciia SDTD hign dgi So tuduy la mgt nhirng phucmg phdp dd truydn tdi thdng tin ddn bg ndo ngudi hgc la phuang tien ghi chep day sang tao va rat higu qud, sdp xep y nghT cua ngudi hgc Theo Tony Buzan: "Sa tu la mgt cong cu td chiic tu nen tdng, cd thi miiu td nd Id mpt ky thudt hinh hga vdi su kit hgp giiia tit ngir, hinh dnh, dudng net, mdu sde phil hgp v&i cdu true hogl dgng vd chdc ndng cua bg ndo, giup ngudi khai thdc tiem ndng vo tgn cua bg ndo No dugc coi la su lua chgn cho lodn bg tri dc hudng t&i loi suy nghT tu mgch lgc" [3, tr 5] Chinh sy lien kdt ndy dd tao dugc mgt buc tranh tdng the md td mgt each day dil vd rd rdng nhat ve ngi dung kidn thiic ma ngudi dgy mudn truyen dat Sii_ dyng SDTD de ciing cd kidn thiic bdi hgc la vigc Idm rdt cd higu qua Giao vien (GV) su dung SDTD dd thd hien Iai kien thiic co ban cua bdi hgc, franh bj bd sdt y, khde sau nhiing kidn thiic frgng tam Hgc sinh (HS) sir duiig SDTD dk thd hign lgi s\r hidu bidt cua minh qua vigc tidp thu ngi dung bdi hgc de G V cd the ddnh gia nhgn thiic ciia HS, de di6u chinh lgi cdch truyen dgt cho phil hgp Rd rdng, vigc sii dyng SDTD khau ciing cd bdi gidng cdn cd nghTa rat ldn vigc rdn luygn tu duy, phdt trien kT ndng phan tich, so sdnh vd tdng hgp Ben cgnh dd, vigc ciing cd kidn thirc bdi h9c bdng SDTD nhdm cung cap mgt biic tranh tdng the, cd hg thdng ve ngi dung kien thirc CO bdn md HS vira hgc Ngodi ra, nd cdn cd y nghTa viec ren luygn kT ndng hgp tdc, kT ndng td chuc, kT nang Idm vigc nhdm ndu qud trinh thi8t kd SDTD ddi hdi phdi chia cac cdng dogn khac vdi sy tham gia ciia nhidu ngudi GV cd the sir dyng SDTD dd td chirc hogt d9ng cua HS khdu ciing cd kien thuc bai hgc vdi nhimg muc dg khac nhung phdi phii hgp vdi ddc diem nhgn thiic ciia HS Cling CO kien thirc bdi hgc bdng vigc sir dyng so tvduy Myc tieu dgy hgc d trudng trung hgc cd nhieu cdp dg khac va d mgt bai hgc cy thd thi CO m$t myc tieu ca bdn ma GV cdn cung cap cho HS (vd ki8n thiic, thai dg - tinh cdm, kl ndng) Khi dgy hgc G V phai ddp ling nhiing muc tieu dgt Tuy nhidn, tiiy thuge vao timg ddi tugng, dieu kign vd nhigm vu hgc tap cu thd, md GV cd thd didu chinh vigc xay dgng Ngdy nhgn bdi 15/10/2012: Ngdy duyfl ddng 25/10/2012 • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 87-11/2012 myc tieu day hgc cho phu hgp Khi sir dyng SDTD di ciing co kien thirc bdi hgc lich sii, GV can phdi cdn cii vao muc tieu bdi hgc, ddi tugng HS, didu kign vd nhigm vy hgc tap cu thd md cd the dieu chinli vigc sir dyng SDTD cho phii hgp, nhung phai dap iing dugc nhirng chudn kidn thiic vd Id ndng ma myc tidu mdn hgc de SDTD dugc sii dyng phai ddp iing cdc ydu cdu nhu: rd rang, dam bdo tinh khoa hgc, tinh su phgm, cung nhu mdi quan hg giiia cdc kien thiic co bdn cua bdi hgc Tiiy theo muc tieu, ddi tugng HS, ngi dung vd phuang phdp dgy hgc da lya chgn, GV cd thd sii dyng SDTD theo cac cdch khac frong cung cd bdi gidng: Thij nhat, GV sir dyng SDTD da xdy dung sdn de Cling cd bdi hgc: Khi HS chua thdnh thgo frong vigc xdy dung SDTD, GV nen sii dyng cdc SDTD da xay dung sdn (do GV thidt ke) de tdng kdt bai hgc vd yeu cdu HS trinh bdy Iai toan bd ngi dung eita bdi hgc GV hudng ddn HS thuySt trinh SDTD nhu sau: ngi dung chinh ciia bdi ndm d trung tdm ciia SDTD Cac y chinh trinh bdy dugc phat trien dua fren cdc hinh dnh va tir khda ciia SDTD HS chgn thir tu cac y de hinh bay theo hudng bdt ngudn td trung tam di chuydn phia ngoai theo chidu kim ddng hd Trong qua fruih HS trinh bdy, GV nen khich 1^ HUONG DAN QUAN LI su DUNG HS de xudt y kidn dd md rgng ndi dung ciia SDTD Vdi HS gidi, GV cd thd diing SDTD cd nhung ndi dung chua hap Iy (thidu ngi dung chinh, didn ^ t qua ddi ddng, ve hinh minh hga qud phuc tap hodc khdng lien quan den ngi dung can the hien) vd ydu cdu HS phdt hidn ldi vd chinh Igi cho hgp Ii Vi du, GV sir dyng^ SDTD v6 "phong kien Tay Au (the ki V - XIV)" de ciing cd bdi 10: "ThM ki hinh thdnh va phdt trien ciia che dg phong kien d Tay Au (tir the ki V den the ki XIV)" (Lich sur 10 - Chuong trinh Chuan) nhu sau: (So dd 1) Vigc sir dyng SDTD da xdy dgng sdn giiip HS nhanh chdng nhd dugc cdch thidt lgp SDTD va nang cao khd nang thuydt frinh ngi dung da hgc trudc ldp ThiT hai;^ GV sir_ dyng SDTD khuy8t thieu dh ciing cd ngi dung bai hgc: Khi HS da cd nhirng ki ndng thilt lgp SDTD, GV thiat U cac SDTD khuyet thieu dd yeu cdu HS tdng ket bdi hgc Hogt dgng dgy hgc se dugc thyc hign nhu sau: - GV giao nhigm vy cho HS dung cac cym tir ngdn ggn dd dien cdc thdng tin cdn thieu hodc diing them hinh anh lien DliH i6 U N H 01* Tine > »» M l - • mwHrt tudng cho SDTD, sau trinh bay tnrdc cd Idp ngi dung cua SDTD - Trong qua trinh HS trinh bdy, GV cd the yeu cdu HS giai thich y nghTa ciia cdc hinh ve lidn tudng dd cdc HS khac cd thd hgc tgp each sii dyng hinh dnh ciia ban frong mgt khdng hgc tap vui ve, ciing cd su tu tin vd nang cao higu qua viec thidt lap SDTD cho HS Vi dy,_Gy sii dyng SDTD khuyet thieu ve "Tay Au hau ki trung dai" de cimg cd bdi II: "Tay Au thdi hgu ki trung dai" OLieh sir 10 - Chmmg trinh chuan)nhu sau: (Sa 2) Viec sir dyng SDTD khuyet o f QUDC vt • MA S j r Tfu U THMIH TH) TWIH6 B ^ ' • A f PHONG KICN TAY AU "^^ (THCKIV-XIV) RINH TJ LAMK OU , J V NGUlIn GliC MAN XAH C H ] ( H L i N H T H S D l q u d c a A ' MA HINHTHAHH V- tna-RANG c i c VUmG QUOC PHONG K [ I N ANC - CIO XAC XDNG |I!6NCC6T —• GIMCtoCOBAPI p j f ^ " ™ -j THtCHtCflIN TRI LolioilPHONCKIiNf "'"-" TINH a i r n ; dip, ru TUC Sa dd I- Sa tu "phong kic'ii Tdy Au (the ki V- XIV) Sff 2: Sa dd tit khuyit Miu "TdyAu hdu B trung dai" TAP CHI THIFT BI GIAO DUC - SO 87 -11/2012 ' HUONG DAN QUAN LI su DUNG thieu de cung co bdi hgc nhu mgt hinh thiic kiem tra vigc ndm kien thiic ciia HS sau bdi hgc sd giiip GV tict kigm dugc thdi gian ma van ddnh gid ca phan hicu va phan nhd ciia HS ddi vdi ngi dung bdi hgc, trdnh dugc tinh trang "hgc v^f" ciia HS HS ldm vi§c theo c$p, nhdm) nhu sau: / Diiu ki^n thien nhiin cua khu vuc Ddng Nam A cd nhirng thugn lgi vd khd khdn gi cho su sdng ciia ngu&i? Cdc quoc gia co p; Ddng Nam A d&i diiu ki^n otMMnMiiDiniintl wiiNUQccMOTi EHIHiUClCHUI lliu K