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>t or DUNG fCTDO mWi TKONG MY HOC MON H6A HOC 6 PH6 THONG O ThS PHAM HUNG THIEN* Dqc thu ciJo mon Hda hoc Id mpt mdn khoa hpc II thuyet vd thyc nghiem, trong dd, cdc khdi niem khd vd trCru tupng, nhie[.]
>t or DUNG fCTDO mWi TKONG MY HOC MON H A HOC P H THONG O qc thu ciJo mon Hda hoc Id mpt mdn khoa hpc II thuyet vd thyc nghiem, dd, cdc khdi niem khd vd trCru tupng, nhieu phdn ung xdy ro qud nhanh hope qud chdm, mpt so' thi nghiem (TN) dpc hpi, nguy hiem, cdc edng thuc khdng gian hai, ba chieu khd tudng hrpng, nhung vdi sy ho trp eua cdng nghe thdng tin (CNTT), nhi/ng khd khdn dd dd dupe khac pnue Gido vien (GV) cOng co the ung dyng CNTT de thiet ke so dd hr (SDTD) day hpc (DH) nhdm dot hi|u qud gido dye cao nhdt SDTD thudng dupe su dyng vdo DH nhu: - Thiet ke de cuong; - DH bdi mdi nhdm: + Kiem tra kien thuc cu vdo 15 phut ddu gio; + Hinh thdnh mpt vdi don vi kien thuc mdi cuo bdi hpc; + Hinh thdnh kien thi>e mdi cuo todn bdi hpc; + Cung ed' kien thuc cua h>ng phdn hay cung ed' kien thuc todn bdi vdo cud'i tiet hpc; + HS si> dyng SDTD Idm bdi tap dupe giao ve nhd cudi tiet hpc Mpt sd nguyen tdc dp dyng SDTD DH mdn Hda bgc Trong DH mdn Hod hoc a truong phd thdng, khdng phdi bdi hpc ndo dung SDTD cOng deu cd hiSu qud; neu si/ dung khdng dung, cd the phdn tdc dyng Vi vdy, CSV edn chpn nhi/ng bdi hpc phu hpp de st/ dyng SDTD cho dqt hieu qud eao nhd't 1) Chgn mdt bdi bgc tieu biiu cho moi chu di, chdng han nhu: Dpng bdi trang bi kiin thirc mdi ed nhiem vy chinh Id giup HS tiep thu kien thuc mdi Do dd, de xdy dyng vd si/ dyng SDTD, GV cdn nghien cuu npi dung, xem xet viee ed the so dd hda bdi hoc dd hay khdng - Dgng bdi dn tap Trong cdc gid luyen tap, dn tap tren Idp, viSc GV siJ dyng SDTD ed y nghla rdt Idn viec cung cd kien thuc, ren luyen hr logic cho HS Qua dd, GV cd the ren luyen cho HS phuong phdp ty hpc, ty he thdng hod kien thuc dd biet theo mdt logic nhd't djnh - Dpng bdi ihi/c hdnh Trong gid thyc hdnh, HS thuong dupe kiem ehi/ng li thuyet dd hpc tren lap vd dupe fryc hep Idm mdt so TN, quan sdt D ThS PHAM HUNG THIEN* hien h/png hod hpc xdy Vdi nhCrng TN doe hpi hope gdy nguy hiem, GV cd the dCing phim TN cho HS quan sdt, nhdn xet, sou dd rut ket ludn Dd'i vdi TN HS Idm trye tiep, GV ed th§' chen md hinh TN, lien ket ede dO lieu Ipi vdi (hyperlink), cho HS quan sdt sou cdc em dd thyc hien xong TN; vdi cdc TN dde hpi, GV c6 the cho HS quan sdt doan phim TN, phim TN cd su dyng phdn mem cdt dopn de HS nghien cuu ve cdeh Idm, nhdn xet cdc hien tupng, viet cdc phuong trinh hda hpc vd theo ddi ket qud eua phim TN dd HS chudn bi d nhd npi dung bdi TN vdo SDTD, cd the Idm tren gid'y A^ hodc chud'n bj son tren mdy tinh dd cdi phdn mem ve SDTD Khi thyc hien bdi hpc thye hdnh TN, HS thdo ludn nhdm vd trinh bdy ket qud tren mdy tinh, sou dd chdm diem giCra cdc nhdm vdi Sou hodn thdnh T N , cdc nhdm Idm tudng trinh ve tung myc nhu: edeh su dyng dyng cy, cdch tien hdnh TN, Viet phuong trinh phdn irng, gidi thich SDTD CIJO nhdm minh vd diJng SDTD Tdm bdn tudng trinh cho cd nhdm 2) Dd'i vdi moi ebu di, nen chgn bdi hoc ed khd ndng irng dung cdc bgc lieu da phuong tien Mudn di/ng SDTD bdi hpc ed i/ng dyng cdc hpc lieu da phuong tien, HS cdn ndm dupe bdi hpc dd ed the phdn loai kien thi/e dudi dpng vdn bdn, bdn dd, dd hpa, dnh tinh, phim, dm thanh, ed diing chuc ndng hyperlink hay khdng, Trude thiet ke bdi day, GV cdn tim ddy diJ cdc tu lieu cdn thiet de gid hpc trd nen hdp dan, logic, dijng trpng tdm hon, 3) Chgn nbOng bdi bgc ed vai trd bS trg viec tv bgc vd btrdng dan edeb bgc ebo HS Cdc bdi dn tap chuong thudng Id mdt nhirng bdi hpc ed the si/ dyng SDTD de he thd'ng hod kien thuc, khdi qudt hod bdi hpc, quo dd se giup cdc em edeh ty hpc, edeh van dyng kien thi/c dd biet vdo gidi cdc bdi tap *PliOR{GD4T huyea Hoa Uf, tinh Ninh Binb Tap chi Giao due so 0 (ki a • la/aoia) Quy trinh xdy dung SDTD DH mon Hda hgc Budc 1: Xac dinh mi/c tieu bdi hgc £)pc kT sdch gido khoa (SGK), ket hpp vdi cdc tdi lieu tham Tchdo de tim h i i u ndi dung cua moi myc bdi vd myc dich DH cdn dot dupe; tren co sd dd, xde djnh myc tiSu cdn dot cd ve kiln thuc, kl ndng Idn thdi dp Birde 2: Ltra chgn nbifng kien thuc ca bdn, xde dinh dung ngi dung trgng tdm Ndi dung dua vdo chuong trinh, SGK phd thdng dupe chpn Ipe ti) khdi lupng tri thuc dd so ciJo khoa hpc bd mdn, dupe sdp x i p mdt cdeh khoa hpc, logic nhdm ddm bdo tinh su phpm vd tinh thyc tiin Bdi vdy, GV cdn bdm sdt vdo ehuong trinh vd SGK de lya chpn nhirng kiln thi/c co bdn, ddm bdo tinh thd'ng nhd't npi dung DH todn qudc D l xde djnh dung trpng tdm cua mdi bdi hpc, GV cdn dpc thSm tdi lieu, sdch tham khdo d l cd t h i nghien cuu sdu npi dung DH, gid hpc cOng trd nen sinh dpng vd phong phu non ViSe chpn Ipe kiln thuc eo odn cua bdi hpc cd t h i gdn vdi viee sdp xep Ipi cd'u true, Idm ndi bdt md'i lien hS giira cdc phdn bdi Tuy nhiSn, cdn chu y rdng, viee cd'u true Ipi ndi dung phdi tudn thu nguyen tdc khdng Idm biln dd'i ndi dung dd Bvde 3: Multimedia boa kien tbvc Trong mdi trudng multimedia, thdng tin thudng dupe truyin dudi cdc dpng sou: Text (vdn bdn); • Graphish (hinh hpa); - Animahon (dnh ddng); Image (dnh chyp); Video, phim; Audio (dm thanh) Budc 4: Xdy dung cdc thu vien tv lieu: Sou cd dupe ddy di3 cdc h/ lieu cdn thiet cho viec sopn bdi gidng, GV edn hen hdnh sdp x i p Ipi thdnh thu vien hr li§u Cdc thu mye ndy se ho trp viec tim kilm thdng hn mdt cdch nhanh chdng vd giu dupe mdi lien kit bdi gidng vdi cdc tap tin dm thanh, video clip chep Mr dfo ndy sang d dio khdc, tir mdy ndy song mdy khdc Budc 5: Xdy dung vd hodn thien SDTD Khi dd cd cdc thu vien tuTieu, hvdc hit, GV cdn chia qud trinh DH thdnh cdc hopt ddng nhdn thi/c cy the cua HS GV dya vdo ede hopt dpng dd de xde djnh ede ehu de, trpng tdm vd cdc chu de nhdnh, sy lien quon ciia cdc chij de vol Sou dd, xdy dyng ndi dung cho tung chu de Tuy h/ng ndi dung ey the md thdng hn tren moi chu de cd the Id vdn bdn, boa, tranh dnh, dm thanh, video clip, Vdn bdn cdc ehu de cdn dupe trinh bdy ngdn gpn, ed dpng, chu yeu Id ede Heu de ddn y eo bdn N@n su dyng lopi phdng chir Unicode, mdu ehu, mdu khung dupe lya chpn phu hpp vdi cdc mye dich su dyng khdc cuo h/ng phdn ndi dung kiln thuc GV cdn trinh bdy khoa hpc, sue tich, d i hieu de HS thdy dupe logic cua bdi hpc Dd'i vdi moi bdi gidng nen dung khung, mdu nen, mdu chir thdng nhdt Khdng nen dung mdu qud sdc sd hodc mdu khdng tuong phdn I TlNH c a \ T VATLJVA CArTRlV / / mSHUUHlHWI tnnh hoa \nyc cua ^ pbaaugg? j ItTfW ^ CILVT IIOA Hi?t (HtY /' ;- git C.H **'* ! B.\l 38 ) ; :i\etiicn ] ^•^—flvciNqtQ \\rtilcn M ^ JUTS In*!^ * " ii L\niler) nxi J i S - i n i a t i U k i i n k * tl l>iu J i li.-^ tKi ci* tk-fl ttifti Vhic \l MctaL «n^l i t e i i l c a unJchii weiic art t-NG ,;idiint difons link ' I l l itivp -"nh dirfT) fcam II \ H |>1|1U M* VMlh Txtlan v-j rt^trti kit Tap chi Giao due so 0 (ki a • la/aoia) Sou dd xdy dyng xong ndi dung bdi gidng cd su dyng SDTD, chiing ta thyc hien cdc lien kit (hyperlink) len cdc dd'i tupng bdi gidng Ddy Id uu dilm ndi bdt, cdn khoi thdc tdi da cdc khd ndng lien kit Nhd cd khd ndng lien kit ndy md bdi gidng dupe td chirc mpt cdch linh hopt, thdng hn dupe truy xud't kjp thdi, HS d i tilp thu kiln thuc Budc 6: Sua chOa vd hodn thien SDTD Sou dd thilt k l xong SDTD, GV edn tiln hdnh kiem tro ede soi sdt, dde biet Id cdc lien kit de sua chOa vd hodn thien SDTD V(' du: Dudi ddy, chung tdi xdy dyng SDTD bdi: «Axetilen" (Hod hpc 9) Thyc tiin DH d cdc trudng phd thdng dd cho thdy, viee si> dyng SDTD nhd trudng dd ndng eao hieu qud day vd hpc Ode biet, SDTD giup HS hpc tap mdt cdch chu ddng, tieh eye, huy ddng dupe tdt ed HS tham gia xdy dyng bdi, ren luyen tu sdng too vd khd ndng ty hpc cho cdc em Su dyng SDTD edn ed the phdt triln cho HS cdc ndng Tyc nhu: biet he thing hda kiin thuc (huy ddng nhirng kiln thuc dd hpc trude dd), khd ndng hdi boa (hinh thirc trinh bdy, kit hpp hinh ve, chu viet, mdu sdc) Viec van dyng SDTD DH se ddn hinh thdnh cho HS tu mpch Ipe, hieu vd'n de mdt cdch sdu sdc, cd he thd'ng vd khoa hpc Su dyng SDTD kit hop vol cdc PPDH tich cue nhdm gdp phdn dd'i mdi PPDH Tuy nhien, khdng phdi bdt cu npi dung ndo, bdi hpe ndo cung ed t h i diing SDTD SDTD Id mdt phuong Hen DH nen cOng nhu vdi ede phuong Hen khdc, de phdt huy dupe tdi da tinh uu viSt eua nd, cdn su dyng dung luc, phO hpp vdi npi dung h/ng don vj kien thuc vd quan trpng nhd't Id phii hpp vdi ddi tupng HS; ddng thdi, ddm bdo ho trp tdi da cho viec truyen tdi ndi dung bdi hpc De dpt dupe dieu ndy, GV cdn linh hopt, mem deo, kheo leo kit hpp SDTD vdi ede phuong Hen DH khde d Tai lieu tham khao Bernd Meier - Nguy4n Van Cuong Li lu$n day hoc day hpc hien dai, tai lieu hue t$p ddi mdi phuong phap day hpc NXB D(ii li