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NGHIEN CDU C O DOI DUONG NANG LUC TUHOC CHO HOC SINH THONG QUA VIEC SUT DUNG SO DO TU DUY TRONG DAY HOC VAT LI 6 TRU0NG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG I e^tvKndl Djnh hudng ddi mdi cin bin va toin dien giio due[.]
NGHIEN CDU CO DOI DUONG NANG LUC TUHOC CHO HOC SINH THONG QUA VIEC SUT DUNG SO DO TU DUY TRONG DAY HOC VAT LI TRU0NG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG TS NGUYEN THj NHI Trujmg Qal hoc Wnh I.e^tvKndl Djnh hudng ddi mdi cin bin va toin dien giio due nddc ta giai doan hiln la chuyin manh qui trinh giao due td chG yeu trang bj kiln thdc sang phat trien toin dien ning luc v i pham chSt ngUdI hpc Nang luc tU hoe (NLTH) Ii mdt nhCtng ning luc chung quan trpng cin dupe hinh thinh va phit triln eho hoe sinh (HS) thdng qua hoat dpng day hpc d cic mdn hpc, cic cIp hpc NLTH giOp HS ed nang hpc tip, ty hpc sudt ddi d l cd the tdn tai, phat triln xa hdi tri thdc v i hpi nhip qudc t l Do dd, hinh v i phit trien NLTH cho HS Ii nhiem vu hit sUe quan trpng day hpc d trdcmg phd thdng Trong bii Viet nay, ehiing tdi d l eip din vile bdi dddng NLTH cho HS thdng qua viSc sd dung sd dd tU (SDTD) day hoe Vat lidtrddng trung hpc phd thdng Midi quit ve ttf hoc vd nang Idc td hoc cua hoc sinh 2.1.TUbpc Theo bing Vu Hoat [1], tU hpc Ii mdt hinh thUe hoat ddng nhin thdc eCia d nhin nham nim vdng h§ thdng tn thdc v i kT ning chinh bin thin ngUdi hpc tien hinh d tren Idp hoac d ngoii tdp, hoac khdng theo chddng trinh va sach giio khoa da dUde quy c^nh Td hpc cd quan he chat ehe tdi qua trinh day hpc, nhdng ed tinh ddc tap cao v i mang d$m net eCia ei nhin.Theo Nguyin CinhToan [2], ti; hoe Ii td minh ddng nao, suy nghT, sddung cac ning Idc tri tue (quan sit, so sinh, phin tfeh, tdng hpp ) va cd ei Cd bSp (khi phii sd dung cdng cu) ciing eae phim chit eua minh, ei ddng ed, tinh cim, ei nhin sinh quan, the gidi quan (trung thifc, khach quan, co chi tiln thCi, khdng ngal khd, ngai khd, kien tri, nhin nai, idng say m l khoa hpc, y mudn thl dfi, biln khd khan thinh thuan Ipi ) de ehllm ITnh mpt ITnh vUe hllu bllt nio dd eCia nhin loai, biln ITnh vuc dd sd hdu cda minh Hoat dpng hoe tap la mdt khiu cOa qua trinh day hocTU hpc Ii nhin td ndi lUc quylt ^ n h chit lupng hpc tip, edn hoat ddng day la ngoai Idc ed tic dung dinh hudng, kich thfch, dilu khiln v i chi dao trde tiep ho?e giin tiep qui trinh hpc Qui trinh day hpc chi cd kit qui ngUdi hpc tU nd Idc, td hpc d l nim vdng nhdng tri thdc ma nhan loai d i tich ddae Trong hoc t i p bao gid cung cd td hpc nghTa Ii ngUdi hpc tu minh chiem ITnh kiln thdc Nhd vay, cd the hllu tu hoe Ii mdt bd phin cCia vile hpc tap, Ii sd n6 Idc eCia mdi ei nhin nhim dat den mdt mye dfch nio dd tren dddng chiem linh kho ting tri thUe cCia nhan lo^i Sd no luc dd cila eon ngddi bao gdm c i tdduy, tri tue, ddng ea t i m If, thii dp, tinh cim 2.2 Ndng luc tuhpc NLTH Ii nang td minh tim tdi, djnh hudng nhin thdc v i v|n dung kiln thdc vio tinh hudng mdi hoac tuang td vdi chit I d ^ g cao Ndi din NLTH la ndi din tri thdc eCia ngddi hpc v l phuang phip ti^ hoc, eae kT ning, kinh nghilm tu hpc v i thii dp, y chf, tinh thin td hpc NLTH dupe coi Ii mdt ngudn ndi luc quy gii tiem an bin than mdi ngddi; Ii ning life hit sUe quan trpng m i mdi ngddi cin phii cd vi cd NLTH mdi cd the tif hoc sudt ddi dddc Clu triic chung cua ning luc dUdc md t i la sd ket hpp gida bdn nang Idc thinh phan: nang life chuyin mdn, nang Idc phuang phip, nang Idc xa hdi v i nang Idc c i the [3] Nhu vay, nang tdc bao gdm eic kiln thdc, kT ning cung nhd quan dilm va thai dp m i mdt c i nhin cd the hanh dpng edng eae tinh hudng mdi Tddd, chung tdi xie djnh NLTH cda HS gdm: nang life nhin thdc van d l ; nang Idc thu th$p v i xdlithdng tin; nang life ghi nhdva vin dung kien thdc; nang lUc hop tie; nang lUe phit triln ei nhin v i nang lUe danh gia, td dinh gii Bdi dddng NLTH eho HS Ii dddng de giio vien (GV) dda HS cOa minh den vdi chan Ii khoa hoe bSng ehinh hoat ddng ciia hp, ddng thdi lam cho eon dddng nhin thdc khoa hpc ngin lai, de hieu hdn Do viy, bdi dudng NLTH eho HS cd y nghTa quan trpng vi^e giiip hp dio siu, md rdng kien thdc, hinh thinh nhCng phim chit dao ddc tdt v i phat trien toan diln Viec danh gia NLTH cung nhU cic ning life khic cua HS khdng chi dUa vio kit qui cCia mdt bii kiem tra mi cin danh gii thdng qua eic sin pham cua hoat ddng hpc va qua trinh hoc tap eCia HS tren ca sd chuan cac nang life tUdng uTig fslhdviy, dinh gia ning luc ddpe thuc hien bing tong hda cCia cae kit qui sau: - Kit qui hoe t i p v i thinh tich hpc t$p eCia HS (thl hien d eic bai kilm tra trin Idp); - Khi nang trinh biy miing (trinh biy, tranh luin, thio luan, ); - Hd Sd hoe tip, td danh gia va dinh gia ddng dSng cOa HS; - Cic sin ph^m hpc tip: tieu luan, philu hoc tip, thilt bjtulam, ; - Cic kit qui quan sit (bang kilm quan sit cua GV) qui trinh hpc tap Tr§n CO sd nhdng d^e diem eCia td hpc, cau true cua NLTH, chiing ta cd the nghien cdu cic bl^n phip khac d l hinh thinh va phat triln nang life niy eho HS Trong bal vilt niy, chung toi sd dung SDTD day hoc Vat If d l bdi dudng NLTH cho HS d trddng trung hpc phd thdng SCf dung sO dd td viec bdi dddng ndng Idc tir hoc cho hoc sinh S.i.SddotUduy SDTD Ii hinh thdc ghi chep phi tuyln tinh dudi d^ng bilu dd md rdng; sd dung mau s5c, dudng nit va hinh inh d l bleu thj, phit trien hay dao siu mdt "f tudng nao dd Nd phin anh qua trinh tU diln ben dau de eon ngudi, ed tie dung hf thdng hda cic noi dung tri thdc, thiic day hoat dpng ghi nhd v i phit huy tiem nang sang tao Theo Tony Buzan [4], SDTD dddc nghien cdu dda trin cac cd sd khoa hpc sau: Chdc ndng nao bd: hai ban eau nio cOa ngudi cd chdc nang khic nhau, bin cau nao phii trdi han cic chdc nang v l mau s3e, hinh inh, bleu tddng, tddng tupng, nhin thdc khdng gian Bin cau nao trai lai ed Uu t h l nhdng stilZ7-THANG4/2016*7 Q NGHllNCUU ITnh vdc logic ngdn ngd, phin tich, Nlu chung ta sd dung Thuc te eho thay mdt sd HS rat cham ehl nhdng v3n h ^ cing nhilu chdc ning tdi du cua hai bin eau nio thi qua klfTi Cac em niy thddng hcic bai nio bilt bii dd, hpc phan sau d i quin phin trddc va khdng bilt lien ket eae kiai thik trinh ghi nhd v i nhin thdc cing ed hieu qua cao vdi nhau, khdng bilt vin dung kiln thdc da hoc trddcd6 7am llhgccda qud trinh hpc vd ghi nh& Nghien cduvio chinhOtig phin sau PliSn Idn sd HS niy dpe sach h ^ ring nao cd t h l d l ding nhd dUde nhdng thdng tin die nghe giing tren tdp khdng biet cich td ghi chep d l Itli bilt nhd: nhdng thdng tin d dlu hay cudi budi hoc thdng thdng tin, lUu kiln thdc trpng tam vio tri nhd eda minh.SS tin cd sd lign he gida nhOng dieu d i ddpe Idu trd nao dung thinh thao SDTD day hpc se giup HS tang tinh bd vdi nhdng thdng tin dang hpc ddc lip, ehii ddng, sing t^o v i phit triln tU SDTD dupe sddungdl thay the eho each ghi chep lifpc - SDTD hi tra HS hpc tdp mdt cdch tich ci/c Mdt so ddng ed dien gJCip ngUdi hpc ting ning nhd, nhanh chdng nhin thiy mdi liln he gida eic ^ tUdng, kTthuat giOp qua nghiln cdu cho t h % bo nio cua ngddi se hieu sSu, nhd liu v i in dam cii m i chinh minh tif suy nghT, tiTvift, dpng nao, gliip tdi Uu v i dcffi giin hda thdng tin, cd the nim ve theo ngdn ngd cda minh VI vay vile sd dung SBTD dupe thdng tin mot cich nhanh chdng, tang nang sang giiip HS hpc t^ip mdt cich tich eUc huy dpng tdi da ti^m tao, Vile ve SDTD dupe thdc hi^n mdt cich de ding tren ning eCia bd nao mdt td gigy vdi cic loai biit miu khac (nlu cd) v i thdc HS tu ve SDTD se giOp phit huy tdi da tinh sing tao hien cae thao tic sau: cCia HS, phat triln nang khilu hdi hoa, sd thich cOa HS, cac - vj trf trung t i m dat mdt hinh inh hoac mdt tif khoa em td ehpn miu s3e (xanh, dd, ving, tim, ), dudng^%: t h l hl^n mdt chu dl, mdt noi dung, mdt y tUdng hoac mdt (dam, nhat, thing, cong ), cic em td "sang tac" nen ti|n khii nilm moi SDTD t h l hi§n rd cich hilu, cich trinh biy kiln 0lc - Td chu de trung tam se dupe phit triln ndi vdi cac cua tdng HS v i SDTD cic em tif thilt k l nen cic emi^^ hinh inh hay td khda, chd de cap lien quan true tilp vdi qu;^,tran trpng'tic phlm'ciia minh \^ cic chu de chfnh bing cic nhinh chinh (nhinh cap 1) - SDTD giOp HS ghi chip c6 hliu qud: Do dae dilm c - TU eic nhinh chinh dUde tiep tue phit trien, phin SDTD n4n ngUdi thilt k l SDTD phii ehpn Ipe thdng tin, tif nhanh den cic hinh inh, cic tieu chu de cap 2, cap 3,4, cd ngd, sip xip, bd cue d l "ghi" thdng tin can thilt nhSt vi lien quan din nhinh chfnh (tren cac nhanh ed the them cic logic vl vay, sd dung SDTD se giup HS dan dan hinh hinh inh, kf hidu cin thilt) each ghi chip cd hldu qui - Cd nhu v^y, sU phin nhanh dupe tiep tue va cac chu Vdi SDTD, HS dupe phit trien cic y tudng, xay dung de npi dung hoac khil niem ludn dUdc phit triln va kit noi cac md hinh va thilt ke md hinh vat chat hoac tinhtfiande vdi tao n&n mdt bde tranh tdng the mdt t i v l chu de giii quylt cae van d& thue tien dit cic hoat ddng trung tam mdt cich diy dO, rd ring hoe tap eCia minh Td dd, ciing vdi vi^c hinh thinh kT nang Dudi diy Ii vl dy v l SDTD dn tap chddng "Cic dinh tu hoc thi cic kT ning tdduy cung ddpe phit trien Dae bi^lu^t bio toin" - V§t If Idp 10 HS Idp 10D2, Trddng THPT lam vile vdi SDTD, HS hpc duac each lam viec, each thii Dd Luang l-Ngh&Anve (Hinh 1) thip thdng tin, td ehifc thdng tin, the hien y tddng theo si/ sing tao cCia bin thSn minh Di dinh gii thdc trang ve sU hieu biet v i sd dung SDTD d^y hpc V^t Ii d trddng phd thdng vi vai tro cOa SDTD vile phit triln NLTH cda HS, chiing tdi da ti^n hinh dilu tra GV v i HS mdt s6 trUdng THPT trSn dja bJn tinh Ngh# An (thdng qua pinilu dilu tra v i phdng vin) Ket qui dieu tra nhd sau: 70% GV da bilt den SDTD va cd sil dung d^y hoc 65,5% GV xac dinh SDTD Ii ki thii5t day hpc hdu fch vide hd thdng kien thdc, kich thich sii sang tao va phit triln NLTH cho HS Cdc biln phdp bdi dddng nang Idc td hpc cho h« sinh tf ong day hoc Vdt Ii A trddng phd thdng thdng qua vile siSr dung sd dd tif *Biinphip 1:GVcdnldmchoHShilingtiiukhih« tap vdi SDTD, thiy dUdc sU edn thiet cua viec sir dan SDTD hpc tdp Hinh r: SDTD dn tdp chuang 'Cdc dinh ludt bdo todn" De thdc hiln bi^n phap niy, trudc hit GV can hi Vile thilt k l SDTD tren giay b5ng cich cd nhupc din HS lam quen vdi SDTD v i trinh biy •j/ tUdng theo S ^ dilm Ii khd Idu gid, thay doi v i ehinh sda Vdi su phat trien Cu thl, qui trinh day hpc GV nln sddung SDTD troj^ cGa cdng nghi thdng tin, ta cd the kh^c phue nhuac dilm eae loai bii hoc khic nhU bii hpc xay dung kiln thj niy bing cich sd dung cic phan mem nhu Free Mind, mdi, bii hpc luydn tap, dn t i p hi thdng hda kiln thdc J MIndmap, Visual Mind, d l thilt lap SDTD nen trinh biy ndi dung bii day d u * dang SDTD de HS hW 3.2 SCe dung su d6 tu day hoc Vdt Ii nhdm dung duac cich ghi chdp ndi dung bii hpc dddi dang scr|" bSi dudng ndng lUe tuhpc cho hpc sinh GV cd the sddung phin miu ve treln bing hoac diing ' Sd dung SDTD day hpc ed the giup HS phat triln mIm may vi tinh thilt k l SDTD vk may chilu de trinh tu duy, ning phin tich tong hap, giup hp hllu bii, nhd Vf du, vdi bii hoe nghidn cdu kiln thdc mdi, GV liu hon; thay eho vile ghi nhd Ii thuylt dang thude Idng bang chCi d l nghiln cOu, tin bii d?y v i vllt d gida bjing i sif ghi nhd dang so dd hda kien thdc Td dd phat trien ddae phan miu TU chO d l ciia bii hpc GV neu cic eiu hdi NLTH cCia HS Vi^e sd dung SEJTD day hoc ed vai tro: hudng ndi dung bii hoc v i ve cic nhinh eip cOa - Ho tra HS hoc dUac phuang phdp hoc Viec ren luyen Sau dd GV triln khai cic hoat ddng hpc t^p, td chdc cho Ifi phUdng phip hoc t i p eho HS khdng chi ia mot bien phip tlm hieu cic ndi dung cda tifng nhinti, GV tdm t i t cic n l ^ ning cao hieu qui day hpc ma edn la muc tilu day hpc xet nit td HS va diln vio cic nhinh cua SDTD KetthK S'KHOAHOCGlAODgC NGHliN cHa C Q cic boat ddng Id SDTD hoin chinh v l ndi dung bii hpc GV cd the tien hinh bii day theo ke hoach day hpc da thiet k l v i sd dung SDTD d khau ciing cd bai hpc GV sd dung he thdng eau hdi de yeu cau HS nhd lai cae ndi dung chfnh ciia bii hoc Td eic eiu t r i Idi cda HS, GV tdm t5t ndi dung bai hpc dudi dang SDTD v i hudng din HS ve nha dn bii va tu v l lai SDTD niy mdt each chi t i l t Vdfi bai hoc tuyln t i p , cung ed nhilu dang v i nhilu cap dd khac Trong mdi dang nhuvay, SDTD gdp phan hoan t i t cdng viec mdt cich nhanh nhat, hidu qui nhat TrUde hit, HS nhd lai nhutig kiln thdc ca ban mdi hoc can luyen tip, phit bilu ehinh xac nhOtig djnh nghTa, djnh luat, viet cae edng thdc ve dd thj, ehf rd •j/ nghTa eiia cic thuit ngd, cac ki hiiu miu Trong qua trinh nay, HS sd dung SDTD d l goi nhd lai nhdng kiln thdc mdi da ddoc xay difng t d bai hoc thdng qua t r i Idi cic eiu hdi bii t$p ma GV neu ra, tddd GV hoin t i t dddc SDTD tUdng dng vdi npi dung can luyen tip GV ed t h l dda mot sd bii t i p tuang tu nhU bii tap d i giai mau nghiln cdu kien thiic mdL Trong nhCfng bii t i p niy, chi vin dung trde tiep mdt, hai kiln thdc mdi hpc GV ed t h l dda bai tap phdc tap hdn, dd hien tddng xiy theo nhieu giai doan Men tilp, moi giai doan tuan theo mdt djnh luit, mpt quy t3e da bllt Ldc niy sCf dung SDTD giup HS nhin bill dupe cic dau hieu die trdng cho mdi giai do^n Ii ed the tim dugc tdi giii Vdi nhdng bii tap khd hem, ddi hdi su sing tao ciia HS, can thilt phii sd dung Hinh 3: SDTD bdi Thindng" SDTD, thilt tap mang Iddi, lien kit dd kien eCia d l bai nhcim cd dupe cai nhin tong quan v i cic suy nghT dupe td chdc se hdp Ii SDTD gdp phan dem lai hieu qui day hoc cao Ian lUdt cii theo cic hudng xac djnh, cac y tUdng se ddpe gpi vif c phat trien NLTH eho HS Tuy nhien, can sd dung phdi md, xem xet v i di din tdi giii chinh xie nhat, tdi Uu ntiat hdp SDTD vdi cic phddng phip v i kT thuit day hpc khic nhSm phit triln toan dien cho HS Trong qui trinh * S/lfi phdp 2: GV to chUc cho HS tham gia vdo qud day hpc cd sddung SDTD, GV khdng ndn ap dat eutig nhie trinh thiit Idp SDTD hpc tip coi ^ tddng cua minh ve SDTD Ii chuan mUe m i can Sau HS da biet cich ve SDTD, each trinh biy cie khuyin khich HS de xuit cac y tudng sing tao mdi nhim ndi dung theo SDTD mpt each logic rd rang, GV td chile eho phat trien NLTH, nang lUe sang tao cho HS HS tham gia vio qua trinh thilt tip v i trinh biy npi dung theo SDTD theo mdc dp tang dan: tU viec eho HS tham gia TAILI|UTHAMKHAO vao tdng budc qua trinh ve SDT[3 cho den t^o dieu [1 ] Dang Vu Hoat, Hi Thi Ddc (2004), Li ludn day hpc ki§n de HS t d Idc ve ban tdduy Cu the, bii hpc xiy dung kiln thdc mdi, de to chdc cho HS hoat ddng eCing cd dai hoc, NXB Dal hoc SU pham Hi Ndi [2) Nguyen Cinh Toan, (2001), Qud trinh day hoc - tU bii hoc bSng SDTD, GV ed t h l dda SDTD mdi chi cd chu d l bii hpc eae nhinh eda cae tieu chu de, ehda ed cac td hpc NXB Giio due Hi Npi [3] Bd Giao due v i Dio tao, Duin Vilt - Bi, (2010), Day khoa hoac hinh inh md t i ndi dung Yeu cau HS dUa vio cic vd hoc tich cLfc-Mdt 50 phuang phdp vd ki thuat day hoc, NX thdng tin cua bii hpc dien eae tU khoa hoac hinh inh vao cic nhanh cCia SDTD DI HS tU tdc ve cic SDTD, GV cd the Dai hpc Su pham Hi Ndi 14] Tony Buzan, (2007), Sd dung tri tui cua ban, (Biin giao eae chd di eu the v l mdt phan, mdt ehUdng, sau dd ylu clu HS ve eic SDTD d nhi hoic d \dp roi trinh biy cho djch; Le Huy Lam), NXB Tdng hop TP Hd Chi Minh [5] Nghi quyet Hdi nghi idn thd 8, Ban Chip hdnh Trung ei Idp ve Sd dd ciia nhdm (hoic ca nhin) v i cic nhdm (ca nhin) khac bd sung nhan xet GV cin yeu cau HS nhan xet uang khdaXI (Nghi quyet sd 29 - NQ/TW) v l npi dung, cich trinh biy the hiln tfnh nghe thuit v i sing [6] Bp Giio due v i Dio tao, (2006) Vdt Ii 10, NXB Giio tao cua cae nhdm (ei nhan) NhU vay, thay vl td chdc cho HS due, t^a Ndi thifc hiln gid hpc theo cacti truyin tfidng, GV cd the td chdc [7] Bd Giao due v i Dao tao, (2006), VdtlilO-sdchgido eho HS tu thiet lip v i trinh biy ndi dung bii hpc dudi dang viin, NXB Giao due Hi Ndi SDTD tao dilu ki^n eho HS th^ hien nang life thu nhan, xd If thdng tin, trinh biy ndi dung hpc tap mot cich logic, 5UIVIMARY sing tao va giiip HS td tin hdn, cd phddng phip hpc t i p ddc Developing students' self-learning competence in lap, tich eifc GV c^n khuyin khich, ddng vien HS the hien sU teaching physics in high school played an important position sing tao, y tudng rieng cOa minh qua SDTD supported to train creative, dynamic and autonomous persons Therefore, in teaching process particularly in Phy Dddi day Ii m$t sd vi du v l SDTD ma HS Idp 10D2 teaching, teachers need orientation, guidance, create pass trddng THPT Dd LUdng d i ve (Xem Hinh 2,3): for students, help them self-discipiine and independence in S.Ketlu^n learning Using logical mind-map in effective teaching wi Phit triln NLTH cho HS day hpc mdn Vat If d develop high students'self-learning However, mind-map trudng trung hoc phd thdng cd vi tri quan trpng thuc should be combined with different teaching techniques to he hiln muc tieu bp mdn, gop phan dao tao nhdng ngddi lao students develop comprehensively The article refers to t ddng nang dpng sang tao, cd nang luc tU chii Do dd, training for students'self-learning competence through usin qui trinh day hpc mdn V|t Ii ndi rldng, d?y hoc d trddng mind-maps in teaching Physics thdng ndi chung GV dn djnh hddng, chi din, tao niem dam Keywords: Competence: students'self-learning m l cho HS giup HS tif giac tU lip hoe tip Sd dung competence; mind-maps; students; Physics SAl27-mblGV2016-9 ... va phit triln NLTH cho HS Cdc biln phdp bdi dddng nang Idc td hpc cho h« sinh tf ong day hoc Vdt Ii A trddng phd thdng thdng qua vile siSr dung sd dd tif *Biinphip 1:GVcdnldmchoHShilingtiiukhih«... lUe sang tao cho HS HS tham gia vio qua trinh thilt tip v i trinh biy npi dung theo SDTD theo mdc dp tang dan: tU viec eho HS tham gia TAILI|UTHAMKHAO vao tdng budc qua trinh ve SDT[3 cho den t^o... nghTa eiia cic thuit ngd, cac ki hiiu miu Trong qua trinh nay, HS sd dung SDTD d l goi nhd lai nhdng kiln thdc mdi da ddoc xay difng t d bai hoc thdng qua t r i Idi cic eiu hdi bii t$p ma GV neu