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sit DUNyJU TAP HOA HOG P H I N KIM lOlU fl( BOI D l i 6 NANG UlC 111 HOC CHO HOC SINH TRUNO HOC PHO THONG Trong qud trinh dgy hgc Hod hgc, vlfc si> dyng cdc bdi t fp JBT) s8 mang Igi hlfu qud coo, hgc[.]
sit DUNyJU TAP HOA HOG PHIN KIM lOlUfl(BOI D l i NANG UlC 111 HOC CHO HOC SINH TRUNO HOC PHO THONG O T rong qud trinh dgy hgc Hod hgc, vlfc si> dyng cdc bdi t f p JBT) s8 mang Igi hlfu qud coo, hgc sinh (HS) ttip thu kiln ihik mft cdch nhanh chdng, thO hgc tdp, ghi nhd n f i dung bdi hgc Iflu non, Tuy nhlftn, thyc t l vlfc s\t dyng bdi tgp (BT) Hod hgc d l bdi dudng ndng Iyc ty hgc (NLTH) cho HS cdn hgn c h l Phdn Idn gido vidn (GV) Idn kSp chO y l u vdi phuong phdp thuylt h-lnh, rdt it ngudi si> dyng BT Hod ngc hodc nlu cd sid dyng thi vdn chiro mang Knh hf thdng Do dd, mdc dO tdn rdt nhilu ihdl gion d trdn k ^ nhung hifu qud cOo vlfc hhh h f l kidn thijc cuo HS chua dgt nhu mong mudn Ngodi ra, qud trinh td chuc thudng xuydn v l thilt kd, xdy dyng cdc logl BT Hod hgc td chuydn mdn Widng lidn tyc vd mang Hnh cdp nhdt VI v ^ , mft h-ong nhffng phirang tifn td chi>c hogt dfng tv Iyc hgc tdp, phdt huy h'nh Kch eye cOa HS Id sd dyng ngudn BT d l giup HS thyc hlfn tdt vlfc tg hgc, tv dgc, tg kilm tra ddnh gid kdt qud hgc Idp cua m)nh Sd dgng BTnhv ihi ndo dibit dudng NLTH cho HS9 Bdn thdn mft BT hod hgc chua cd tdc dyng gl cd: Khdng phdi mft BT hod hgc •ha/ thi ludn cd tdc dyng Kch cycl Vdn d l phy thufc chu y l u Id «ngudl si) dyng n d ' Ldm t h i ndo d l bilt h-oo dOng ddi tugng, phdi bidt cdch khoi thdc hlft d l mgi khfa cgnh cOa bdi todn, giOp HS ty m)nh Hm cddi gldl, lOc dd BT hod hgc thdt sy cd ^ nghTo Vdl hudng Hdp cdn trdn, ch6ng tdi xin don cO* vifc si> dyng BT Hod hgc {Phdn Kim ^ / - Hod hgc 12) d l bdi dudng NLTH cho HS THPT h-ong mdt sd hudng hgp sou: BT rdn luyf n m^t s^ ndng Iyc tv hgc 1) Rdn luy^ ndng Igc lu dde Idp Trong qiid trinh dgy hgc cdn phdi rdn cho HS thdi quen suy nghT d f c Ifp, ddy Id m f t nhOng y n i td Kin d l cho sdng Igo cua qud trinh tg Iyc hgc tdp Cdc BT bdi dudng NLTH phdi hudng HS vdo nhi>ng suy nghT dfc I f p , giOp cdc em Hm tdi, phdt hlfn kiln thik Vidvl: Hda ton gam Hnh I h l CuSO^.SHjO vdo 0 ml dung djch HCl # n i S N G U Y E N THI V A N - 0,d M thu clu9c dung dich X Oem difn phdn dung d|ch X (cdc difn cvc trcr) vdl cudng d f ddng difn 1,34A Irong gid Tlnh UnSl \uqng ldm logl thodt d cotot vd th< Hch thodi d onot (dldc)? |blA hlfu sueft difn phdn Id 100%| M ldm duqc BT ndy, HS phdt dva vdo cfng thuc Faraday dtf tfnh Iu9ng chdt thu du^c d cotdt Cd th^ sd dung phuong pndp bdo todn electron vd n6m vOng thd ti/ difn phdn d ode difn OfC di xdc dinh lu^ng Uif thu d u ^ d andt "C.SO, s v - "cso, - O'^nwl; n ^ - , mol Tacd: n.=—=i2:ii=0,2niol • F 26,8 Thd tl/ difn phdn tgi cotot vd onot Id: - Cotot: Cu'* + 2e-»Cu 0,1 0,2 0,1 -» Cu^* chua bi difn phdn hft -> m ^tgts,^.)" 0,l.d4-d,4gam;-Anot: 2Cl- -> O j t 2e 0,12 0,0d 0,12 -> n, (do Ch nhudngi - 0,12 < 0,2 mol tgl onot Ch da bi difn phdn hft vd djn nudc bl difn 1*6" " * , » * - ^ - - 0.12-0.08 ""I H p - » , + 4H* + 4e 0,02 0,08 V w * « ~ » ™ , = (0.06 + 0,02).22,4 - 1,792 lit 21 Rin luyin ndng h/c phdt hlin y^tdivd gldl quy^ vdn di Ddy id mft nhOng ndng luc c6n thift phdt rfn luyfn cho HS vl nd cd tdc dung r f l Idn ktch thich hogt dfng tu sdng tgo cuo HS Khi gldl Zn^* + 2e S 2HN0, > HiSO.*2NO Catot(+) Ag*+le->Ag 21 t •• Cii(0H), + B»(NO,)i Cu(NCW,*B^OHh iHidn ung: Zn + 2Ag* -> Zn '* + 2Ag x*y+2z x+y+2z Epin = Eoatol - Eonot - E (Ag*/Ag| - E (Zn V H1SO.+ BK)H), Zn) = (0,8 + 0,059lg[Arl) - ( - 0,7d + JglZn^*] = ^0,741 - (-0,7859) = + 1,53V c| Khi pin khdng cd khd ndng phdt difn, thi IOcddEpln-0 Khi dd phdn ung dgt trgng thdi cdn bdng: Tacd-K,j =1^2-^=10'-"'=10 ããô' =10'" [Ag*] Mftkhdc: Zn-f A g * - • Zn =•-f 2Ag BandSu: 0,1 0,1 (M| Phdn ling: 2x x (M) Cdn bdng: 0,1-2x , U x (Ml Vfy:' [Ag*] ằ.'+" ^iQiằ 0,l-2x ã Bôsa*HO ^ 0,1 - x « Dya vdo cdc phuong trinh hod hgc tu (1) din (d|, kit hgp vdl cdc klfn ciJo bdi ta cd: - Phuong Irlnh v l s i mol NO: i x - l - - y - l - — = l i ^ = , o x -^8y-H0z 3' 22,4 1,8/my 2(x-f y •f2z) + d(y-f z +1) =1,8 (a| - Phuong trinh v l VhSl luong kit lOa: 98(x + y •^2z)•^233(y + z-ft) = 7d(b) Din ddy, mft s i HS sS bl vudng mdc frong vlfc gldl hf ^ Hm X, y, z vd t, md bdi todn chf ySu cdu tim (hSl lugng m ban diu, dd cdc em cd thi sd dyng phuong phdp ghip dn nhu:Dft:x + y-l-2z-avdy-fz-l-t=b,tacdhf: =0,3 f2a-i-6b=l,8 \b=0.,2 [98a-l-233b=76 =» m = m ^ d4x + 9dx + dOz-f 32t - d4(x+ A g * ] - i a ^ [ Z n ^ * ) - 1,4 lO^'M y -i- 2z) -1- 32(y + z -H) - d4a + 32b = d4.0,3 + 31 Rin ndng ii/c tuduy sdng lqo Cdn Ai trqng 32.0,2 = 25,d (gam) mte df sdng tgo xdy dvng hf thdng BT d l bfl Sou dS gldl dugc BT ndy iheo cdch trfn, liudng NLTH cho HS NhOng bdi tfp d mOc df sdng GV nln ggl ^ HS Hm bdn chit cOo cdc qu& ^ s9 phdt huy dui^c khd ndng vf n dyng k i ^ ihte -•x-0,05M lZn'*] = 0,l-i-0,05 = 0,15M Tw Chi Blip due s6 (w ằã ằ/ôom trinh oxi hda - khij, ti> dd v f n dyng d|nh luf t bdo todn s i mol electron Ggl ^ d l HS ty thiy r f ng, mfc dCi hSn hgp g i m trfn (X) r i t nhilu chit nhung thyc chl Hnh theo nguyfn t i l d Cu vd S, chOng tgo cdc sdn p h i m cuil cOng Id Cu(OH)j vd BoSO^ Vdi sy linh hogt sdng Igo HS si tim nhilu cdch gldl khdc nhou nhu: Cdch 2: Quy ddi hin hqp X thdnh hdn hqp gdm Cu vd CuS Ggl s i mol: n^.,,» x; n^^ - y, to cd: Cu - Cu(OH|j CuSy BoSO, Y Khi dd: n, K + yl 98(x + y| + 3 y d 11ieoPTHH(1|vd(2|dcdchl -x-fjy=0,6 (1) (2) fx=0,l Gldl hf trSn V f y : m, - , d4 -f 0,2 9d - 25,d (gam) Tuong ty, HS cd t h i gidi BTft^Snbdng cdch: + Quy hSn hOT) X v l chit Cu^S^ + Quy hdn hgp X v l h i n hgp chit: Cu vd CuS (nhu trSn); Cu vd Cu^S; CuS vd Cu^S; CuS vd S; CUjSvd S; Cu vd S Quo vlfc gldl BT tr«n da hinh thdnh cho HS ndng Iyc tu sdng tgo Vdl sy linh hogt cdc em s3 Hm dugc nhilu phucmg jshdp gidi d l r i i chgn cdch gidi ngdn nggn vd pnO hgp nhit l^lgodi ra, c i n chu trgng nhOng BT cd Knh c f p nhft, vl nhOng BT dd yfu c i u HS phdi c f p nhift thfng Hn, ti> od rfn luyfn cho cdc em kr ndng thu thfp, xij li vd v f n dyng thdng Hn vdo nhOng dilu klfn cy i h l cuo BT BT ly k i l m Ira, ddnh gid k i t qud thao hudng l y hgc Trong qud trinh dgy hgc, kilm tra ddnh gtd ludn cd vol hd r i t auan trgng Id m f t nhdn t i c i u thdnh cuo qud h'lnh dgy hgc; Id bifn phdp thu thing Hn phdn h i l Id dd dilu chinh cd qud trinh dgy ngc cho phf hgp vdt myc H ^ , gdp p h i n phdt h i l n trf tuf, r f n luyfn cdng c i hf thing hrt thuc vd cdc phuong jahdp hgc I f p; kfch thich HS ludn vuon Kri dgt l«t qud coo hong hgc t f p Cd t h i ndi, kilm ho, ddnh gid Id d f n g Iyc ihdc d i y qud hinh ddo tgo vd h/ ddo tgo Theo quon nifm hlfn dgl v l dgy hgc Id dgy cdch hgc, dgy cdch lu duy, nohTo Id ' ' w a S c phuong phdp l u f n , phuong pndp nhfn thdc, phuong phdp ty hgc ihl kilm ho ddnh gid khdng i h l Hin hdnh nhu cO Do dd, vlfc kilm ho khdng chi ddng k?i d vifc tdi hlfn kiln thuc If p k^i cdc kr ndng dd hgc, md chO hgng kilm ndng Iyc dfc Ifp, sdng Igo, ndng Iyc ly hgc ciio HS N f i dung kilm ho cdn ddm bdo Hnh hidn difn v l mft k l ^ thdc, kr ndng, thdt d f vd khd ndng v f n dyng kllh thdc Iheo hudng HS phdi cd thdt quen rinluyfn cdch ty hgc mdt ddp ung dugc yfu c i u cua d i r a D l dgt dugc myc Hfiu hSn, G V c i n lyo chgn mft hf thing BT bit dudng NITH cho HS mft cdch hgp, dugc s i p x I p td d l d I h khd, td CO bdn d i n ndng coo Cdc BT cd mdc d f khd vOa phdi, hudng vdo kiln ihdc co bdn d i hgc cd v f n dyng cdc KT ndng co bdn vd kr ndng v f n dyng sdng h?o, tdng cudng cdc BT cd n f I dung sdng tgo, cd n f i dung yfu c i u HS phdi v f n dyng kiln thOc cOa nhilu p h i n khdc nnou d l gidi ouylt D i l vdi nhChig BT khd, cd t h i hudng d i n d i HS bill cdch gldl, d i n g thdt b i sung cdc kllh thdc c i n thilt cno ode em I^lgdy nay, vdt yfu c i u coo cOo ngudi hgc thi mit ^ c i n phdi xdy dyng vd lyo chgn hf thing BT hod hgc, Hm phuong phdp sd dyng chOng soo cho phf hgp d l hodn thifn, cung co, ndng cao kiln ihdc n h i m b i i dudng NLTH cho HS, n h i m gdp p h i n Hch eye vdo vifc d i i mdi phyong phdp dgy hgc, ndng coo chit lugng gido dye nifn • TUUtuthunkhio Nguyin Th) Ngt (chD bien) - Pll«ra Th| Thu Hnemg - Va Anh Tuin D*! anng T( Um lofl NXB CUo dfcViflNan H.2009 NguySn Nggc Quang Li lufn dfy h^c h6a h^c, t«p NXB Gido dtic, H 1994 Nguyin Xu9n Tnidng Sd dyng bii tf p hei M dfy hpc hoA hvc dtiuteg phi tllOlig NXB £>(u Ivc suphfim, H 2006 SUMMAItV In teaching process, one of meastMesstrengltten students' sett^educated competence Is avaSable Chemistry exercise usage The following article cfifcussesmeasum using Chemistry exercise to strengthen thought competence and check assess In the Oreo1lonofself.eajcated Strengthening students'setfieducored competence Is a pedagogue's essential task In order to raising teaching and teaming quality In hl^ schools TDP chi eiio due s6 CM a • a/aoia ... lyo chgn hf thing BT hod hgc, Hm phuong phdp sd dyng chOng soo cho phf hgp d l hodn thifn, cung co, ndng cao kiln ihdc n h i m b i i dudng NLTH cho HS, n h i m gdp p h i n Hch eye vdo vifc d i i... mfc dCi hSn hgp g i m trfn (X) r i t nhilu chit nhung thyc chl Hnh theo nguyfn t i l d Cu vd S, chOng tgo cdc sdn p h i m cuil cOng Id Cu(OH)j vd BoSO^ Vdi sy linh hogt sdng Igo HS si tim nhilu... trSn); Cu vd Cu^S; CuS vd Cu^S; CuS vd S; CUjSvd S; Cu vd S Quo vlfc gldl BT tr«n da hinh thdnh cho HS ndng Iyc tu sdng tgo Vdl sy linh hogt cdc em s3 Hm dugc nhilu phucmg jshdp gidi d l r i i