JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci, 2011, Vol, 56, No, 4, pp, 69 76 PHAT TRIEN NANG L U C NHAN THIJ''''C VA T U DUY LOGIC CHO HQC SINH TRONG CAC G l 6 ON TAP, LUYEN TAP P H A N HOA HOC PHI KIM LC[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci, 2011, Vol, 56, No, 4, pp, 69-76 P H A T TRIEN N A N G L U C N H A N THIJ'C VA T U D U Y LOGIC CHO HQC SINH TRONG CAC G l ON TAP, LUYEN TAP P H A N HOA HOC PHI KIM LCiP 11 ( N A N G CAO) B A N G VIEC SL/ D U N G SO DO TU* D U Y Pham Thi Huyen, Nguyen Dii'c Dfmg va Vii Quoc Trung^*) Trudng Dai hoc Sit pham Hd Ndi Nguyen Thi PhUdng Thuy Trudng Cao ddng Sit pham Dien Bien ^*'E-mail: vuquoctrungvn«}'ahoo.com Tom tat Bai bao dl cap tdi each thiet lap so db tu npi dung kiln thiic cin nhd cac bai on tap, luyen tap phin Hda hpc Phi kim ldp 11 (nang cao) va sii dung sP dd tu thilt kl cac hoat dpng hpc tap ciia HS gid hpc Phuong phap sii dung so dd tu cac bai on tap, luyen tap giiip HS khai quat hda, he thong hoa, tim mdi lien he giiia cac kien thiic, khic phuc dupc nhiing han chi ciia phuong phap day hpc truyin thong, gop phin thitc hien dupc muc tieu cua qua trinh day hpc Mof dau Theo dinh hudng ddi mdi day va hpc nay, viec day hpc khdng chi dfrng lai d day kiln thiic ma cdn day hpc sinh each thiic, dudng chilm linh kiln thirc dd mot each tfch cue, chii ddng va sang tao [1] Trong cac bai day thi dang bai dn tap, luyen tap cd y nghia quan trpng viec hinh phuPng phap nhan thiic va tu logic cho hpc sinh Qua dd, giao vien cd dilu kien ren luyen cho hpc sinh phudng phap tu hpc, tu tdng kit, he thdng kiln thiic da dupc hinh tan man d cac bai, cac phin mot he thong hda kiln thiic cd quan he chat che vdi theo mdt logic xac dinh, ddng thdi hinh va ren luyen cho hpc sinh cac ki nang hda hpc CP ban [2], Qua khao sat thuc tl, viec dn tap cdn mang tinh nhic lai bai cii theo mot trinh tii nhit dinh, chi mdi "dn" chir chua "tap" va '•|u}-en" Do dd hpc sinh chua biet each he thong hda kiln thiic, se thu ddng nghe giang, ghi chep ma khdng bilt tu luu kiln thiic trpng tim vap trf nhd ciia minh \'i va}' viec phat triln nang luc nhan thiic va tu logic cho hpc sinh cac bai dn tap, lu}'en tap la mdt viec lam cin thilt [3], 69 PlHun Thi HuyIn, Nguygn Diic Dung, Vu Quoc Trung va Nguygn Thi PhUPng Thiiy Trong e-ae- ki thuat day hpc dude sii dung di he thdng hda vk hoan thien kiln tluic, cluing ldi nhan thay ki thuat day hpc sii dung sd dd tu da k h i c phuc dUdc nhfmg han die ve ghi nhd eiia hoc sinh, mat khac cd t h i giiip hpc sinh phat trien dupe nang lUc- nhan thiic, tu logic, he; thdng va khai cjiiat kiln thiic mot each ed liie;'u cpia |4, 5], 2.1 Noi d u n g nghien cu'u Sd tu So lu la moi ce')ng cu td chiic tU ne'u hing va ddn gian la phUdng lieMi ghi clu'p da\' dii va sang lao C.S Tony Buzan, mdt nhiing giao sU hang dill the gicii phai minh So eld tu ed t h i dupc sir dung Irong cae budi thuylt |6j Hie;'n trc'ii the gidi ed khoang 250 tiinh dpc sae-h, lam viec- theo nhdm, irie^'ii ngirdi thudng xii}'e''n sii dung sd dd lu va tai V'iei Nam sd iia\' da dupc sir dimg nhilu da}' hpc d eac mdn nhu \'an hpc Giao due- cong dan, Toan hpc, \'at li Tuy nhien sP dd tu diiy ehua dupc sii dung nhilu linh vuc- day va hpc indn Hda hpc S P tu cd c i u triic cd ban la cac: ndi dung dupc phat trien rdng tfr trung tam, nd gidng nhu ciu triic ciia cay thien nhien [6] Trong mdn Hda hpc, cd t h i sii dung sd dd tu d l lien kit cac khai niem quan trpng, cac tinh chat cua chat va hpp chit, hpc sinh dn tai), he thdng hda kiln thiic, \'iec tao lap so tu dupc thuc hien nhanh chdng \'a rrirc quan thdng ciua p h i n mim Mindjet MindManager Pro 7.0 De thilt lap so tu du}', chiing ta e-d the'' b i t d i u tfr trung tam vdi mdt chu dl hoac hinh anh cua chii de, ndi cac nhanh chinh d i n cac nhanh nhd cho khoa hpc, siic tich, true quan d l lam ndi bat dupc kiln thiic t a m c i n ghi nhd va moi lien he hiiu co giiia cac kiln thiie dd Can sir dung man sac va cac dudng ke cong dupe td chiic rd rang di kich thich nao \'a thu hiit sir chii v ciia m i t Cd hai each thilt lap sP dd lu dii}- la \'e"^ b i n g ta}' \'a sir dung p h i n m i m vi tfnh \ d i each ve"- b i n g ta}-, chung ta can gii}' va biit mau Hay dat ngang td giiy, ve mdt khung hinh trung tam cd y chfnh ciia bai hpc, keo dai cac nhanh tfr khung hinh ma ban da ve sau dd lien kit eac- y bai b i n g cac tir n g i n gpn Hay diln bilu tupng ha}' hinh minh hpa vao lirng nhanh d l ndi bat vin d l dac biet la viec phii hpp cac man sic: Mat khac, \'ie;^c t h i l t la]) sd dd tu cdn dupc t h i l t lap nhanh chdng thdng cjua p h i n m i m Mindjet MindManager Pro 7.0 Trong cac bai day thi dang bai dn tap, luyen tap giiip hpc sinh khai quat hda, he thong hda, dao sau, md rdng kiln thirc da dupc hpc tan man d cac p h i n , tim mpi lien he giiia cac kiln thiic, k h i c phuc dupc nhiing han chi ciia phUdng phap 70 Phdt trien ndng luc nhdn tkdc vd tu logic cho hgc sinh cdc gid on tap, day hpc truyen thdng Cd thi ndi so dd tu la mdt cdng cu die lire giiip hpc sinh thuc hien dupc dieu dd Giao vien cd the hudng dan hpc sinh sir dung phin mim dl sd dp hda ke hoach tu hpc dudi dang sp tu [6, 7] so DO f DL, V ( ! H O L CO in; O N G PAN HOC THU THAP T H N G TIN iAp / HOC xu LY I H O N G JIN t HS" "•30 d'l tu w ''o* ""nii ://Vfi H-.l , V JVfJ r / / / ; I TKNit, U#^ ' Z.4«»MI\.tJ^ Hinh Sd dd tit kien thiic cdn nhd d Bdi 13 Luyen tap tinh cua nitd vd hdp chdt cua nitd (SGK 11 ndng cao) chat rfZHD J u'Viy-h'i/ I [C4u hinh •hpclron I - Uk^m d i nong chiy P IrAtig ^ Jo^ phai qujny Uong bong l6i chuyc'i din thinh P [Cac du Mnh IT* t I ^ Ttnhoi TdvMoil khu- • CAu Inic polttw b4n - Chuy4n thAnh hoi dun nong khdng co khdng vangvng tu hoi Ihjnh P irina Mm l»nh '• ằ*X''i V-w,5-ằ2/;y, TdƠôy1clo W'^\ -*iô1 Tdvothwch*! 6/'*ôCJ^i-ằir,0.*lXU AMU phqtphofn Li rr^t «»it tt4 Un co dd'ft, fr/> uww >iii>,wa, H , [ IQ J ã TII cô CAC mu&i dlhldroph«lph«l diu tin Mudi hidrophoiphit pholphw cu« him loat hrtw amont d ^ taw • Phan Hpv c h i t ) Mudi phQlphM u«g thuy ' S ' n ' "i"* ^^V"^ ^ **** phAo -Nh^nbldlntudi photphJl trung ho« U j f ' * / V / - » J l x ^ , i Phrtpho C*i,(/*0'.).,*3Jg>,i-K:—g-»at'a3MP,-h2/'»3CO ,{Otw» ch* ) Photpho Sin xuildMm Mnphotphoftc dong cho m^ic dtch qutn ay Ufig dung)[ yuji! pholphj^ San KuAl phin bon Supophotphal don, iup«phloph«t kop phtn \kn nung chay Hmh Sd tvt kien thiic cdn nhd d Bai 17 Luyen tap tinh chdt cua photpho vd cdc hdp chdt cua photpho (SGK 11 ndng cao) 72 Phdt trien ndng luc nhdn thUc vd tu logic cho hgc sinh cdc gid dn tap, De thilt lap sP db tu kiln thiic c^n nlici ciia cac bai on tap va luyen tap, chung toi diia vao npi dung kiln thiic cua timg phan dl xac dinh cac van dd trung tam va cac nhanh phu Sau chung toi su dung phaii mim Mindjet Mindmanager Pro 7.0 dl xay dung va hudng dSii hpc siiili tu xa>' dung scj tu cho bai luyen tap phan Hda hoc phi kim ldp 11 (nang cao) So tu kiln tluic can nhd vl cac nguyen t5 phi kim dupc trinh bay d Hinh 2, Hinh va Hinh [ivi^y CliCWO Ttnhkhi/ CAu hinh tttctron nguydn ti/ 0»*mdt^n:2.SS o(Cacbon)] Cic d»ng Ihuhmh Kim cifo^Q than chi, fuhiikn » ' >iCu\CO^ • Ml [&cmchSt}o Tmh o»i h d j ^ a ^Tcii/i, L.'i.'v^V I , ** " ã >cô^ I ô'O.Ff|0, Cjiu hinh tlochon nguydn t>/ - >3fcHC '!^ CO l « OKil irung llnh, ca tinh hhir m^nh f t i i i n Ihu I h i i hmh: ItInU' Clcr dfitg • ilic linh thi, iHic vd d|nh hinh *-•'•• •'•••' C02 - U m^t oitit •Kit J 'Tan Irong nifd'C tfo avil —^cacbonlc • Cd llnh oMi hdn Klm ctKrng Hung thin chi 0'2000C 50-100 nghtn ^Im.xui Uc F> Cf In Th*n chi Nung thtn c ^ 3500-1000 c ^H£>cbon}L khdng cQ khdng aqix ^ (Khdng duns C03 mngk hay ri,\'fy(ri\ Tan tfong ki&m ndng chay Tac dyng vfrl dung d|ch HP ** ^a^2a> cN[e(siitc} • AMit khdng b i n , ^Hpy chat)5 BfO^ >CO^iHp ^ AKit yiu phdn II hai nSc Kim circng OA trang aut Ttian chi Ot^n ci/c ch^ tao chit bdi f ^ g(Cacbon} ThanhojiHi bl mAl ntfO'e: ^ n s J - ^ - ^ - ^ • Y i u h o ' n a x i l c a c b o n i c /b^aO^ ^CC^t^g,Q-^g,go thdp chju nhif L ptn m^t trd)! 'ejSillc [ - Mudi cacbonat cua kitn lofi hiim d i Un bin nhifl Mu&i cacbonal khic it tan vi mu6l hldfocacbofial dit b| nhl^t ph^n • MUOI silical cua kim loa< ki*m d< tan irong nu^c '^ ^ ' K a I K n , — ^ NHjO), i CX), i 11,0 '^'^yjin iigAt KI mang, ch|« axil Hinh 4- Sd ti£ kien thUc cdn nhd d Bdi 24- Luyen tap tinh chdt cua cacbon, silic vd hdp chdt cua chung (SGK 11 ndng cao) 2.3 Suf dung sd d6 tu* thi§t k§ cac hoat dong hpc t a p cua hoc sinh gid hoc Giap vien co thi sii dung sP tu theo cac budc sau: - Giao vien kilm tra sP dd tu da chuan bi P nha ciia cac nhdm theo npi dung dupc phan cong Mot so nhom len trinh bay sP dd tU ciia minh, cac nhom khac theo doi va nhan xet - Giao vien tdng kit va dua so dd tu npi clung kiln thiic cua bai luyen tap hoac giao cho mot nhdm khac dam nhiem cdng viec Giao vien dua he thong bai tap cung co dl ren luyen kl nang cho hpc sinh 73 Pham Tin Huyen, Nguydn Diic Dfmg, Vu Qu6c 'ftung va Nguyfin Thi PhUPng Thiiy Tfr c() SP li luan vk thi.rc le ap dung sP tu viec t h i l t kl cac hoat dpng hpc tap ciia hpc sinh cac bai dn tap, luyen tap, chung tdi da thu dupc k(M qua nhU sau: Hoc sinh rat hiing thii cimg cac ban nhdm trao ddi dd thiet ke sd dd tu tlicM) mot clui de kieii tluic Nhd sP dd \\t ma hpc sinh cd the khac sau dupc kien tluic va van dung linh hoat van cac linh huong tliUc tiln Su dung thao \a hien (|ua s() dd tu se giiip hoc sinh sang tao hdn, ghi nhd tot h()n, tilt kiem thdi gian, nhin thay biic tranh tdng the to cluic va phan loai suy nghi ciia ban, dd nang cao d u p c nang lUc nhan thiic va tu logic cho hoc sinh .Mat khac pliUPng i)ha]) rat dPii gian, de sir dung, nd tao cho cac em i)hirPiig i)lia]) tu khdng chi gid dn tap, t5ng ket mdn Hda hpc ma ca timg bai hpc va cac mdn hpc khac Chiing toi da tiln hanh thirc nghiem sU i)hani de danh gia tinh hieu qua cua viec ap dimg sP tu dii\ \iec thilt kl cac hoat dpng hpc tap ciia hpc sinh Qua trinh dupc thuc hien tai trudng T H P T \gu.\en Trai vk T H P T Xguyin Du Thai Binh, nam hpc 2009 2010 mdi trudng cluing tdi chpn mot cap ldp cd trinh dp tUPng dupug, so lupng hpc sinh nhu va cua ciing mdt giao vien day mon Hda ldp thuc nghiem day theo giao an cd sir diing sP dd tu du>' ldp ddi chiing day theo giao an cua giao vien thudng sir dung Kit qua gid da\' dupc danh gia bang bai kilm tra cuoi gid vdi d l bai hai ldp la nhu sau dd duiic xii If bang phudng phap thong ke toan hpc Bdng X, 10 Tong 74 Phdn phoi tdn so, tdn sudt vd tdn sudt luy tich qua bdi kiem tra So hoc sinh dat Ti le hoc sinh Tl le hoc sinh dat diem diem X, dat dilm X,(%) tijf X, trd xu6ng(%) TN DC TN DC DC r.\ 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.05 1,05 3,16 4.21 4,30 7,37 4.30 11,58 16 3,23 16,84 7,53 28,42 23 13,98 24,21 G.15 52,63 17 25 26,32 32,26 18.28 78,95 30 12 64,52 12.63 32,26 91,58 26 92,47 5,26 96,84 27,96 100 3.16 7,52 100 93 100 95 100 Phdt trien ndng luc nhdn tkdc vd tU logic cho hgc sinh cdc gid on tap, Bdng Cdc tham so ddc triing cua bdi kiem S-' S X± m Bai kiem DC TN TN DC TN DC tra Ian 7,85 ± 0.02 6,35 ± 0.02 1.98 2.54 1.41 1.59 Lap thp'c nghiem X • V{%) TN DC 25.04 17,96 Lop doi chu-Tig 100 • so / * - ^ / cC CO tra / • •10 •' • X 20 _^_ -*" V »•— - »^ — I 1 10 12 Oiem Hinh Do thi dvtdng luy tich ket qua bdi kiem tra Dua tren kit qua thuc nghiem ^•a thdng qua viec xU li so lieu thuc nghiem, chiing tdi nhan thSy chat lupng hpc tap d ldp thiic nghiem cao hon ldp dpi chiing Ket luan Sau mdt thdi gian tim hilu, nghien ciiu va xay dung sP dd tu ap dung cho dang bai dn tap luyen tap phin Hda hoc phi kim ldp 11 (nang cao), chiing tdi da gdp phan phat triln dupc nang liic nhan thiic, kha nang tu logic, sang tao cho hpc sinh qua dd hinh cho hpc sinh phupng phap tu hpc, tii khai quat hda, dap sau kiln thiic, ghi nhd kiln thiic bang tri nhd hinh anh mang lai cho hpc sinh nilm say me, hiing thii hpc tap Su dung sP tu da gdp phan khac phuc dupc nhiing han chi cua cac phUPng phap day hpc truyin thdng, tirng budc nang cao chat lupng day va hpc TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Bernd Meier, Nguyin Van Ciidng, 2005 Tdi lieu hdi thao tap hudn phdt triin ndng luc nhdn thiic thdng qua phuang phdp day hoc vd phuang tien day hgc Bp Giap due va, Dao tao - Du an phat triln Giao due Trung hpc phd thdng [2] Nguygn Cirpng, Nguyin Manh Dung, Nguyen Thi Situ, 2000 Phuang phdp day hoc Hda hoc tap Nxb Giao due Ha Npi [3] Dang Thi Oanh, Nguyin Thi Sufu, 2006 Phudng phdp day hoc cdc chuang muc quan trong chuang trinh sach gido khoa Hda hoc phd thdng Nxb Dai hpc Sii pham Ha Npi 75 Pham Thi Huyen, Nguyfm Diic Dung, Vu Qu6c Trung va Nguygn Thi PhUPng Thiiy 14| Xgu\en CiiPug, 2007 Phuang phdp day hoc Hda hgc d trUdng thdng vd dai h,gc Mat so vdn de ca hd.n Nxb Gi^o rluc Ha Npi [5] T()n>' Buzan, 2007, Su diing tri tue ciia bQ.n Nxb Tong hpp, Ho Chi Minh [G| Gia Linh, 2007 Hudng ddn .sit dun.g hdn dd tu Nxb Tir dien Bach Khoa |7| ToiiN- Bu/an, 2007 How to mind map ('ong ty sach Anpha |8] Le Xuan IVong, Nguyen Huu Dinh, Le Chi Kien, Le Mau QuyIn, 2007 Hda hoc 11 ndng cao \'xl) Giao due Ha Npi ABSTRACT Development of awareness and capacity for logical thinking of students in revision and practice hours in Chemistry of the 11th class (enhanced level) with some knowledges on Non-metallic by using the scheme of thinking The paper deals with the way of building scheme of thinking with some knowL edges on Non-metallic in revision and practice hours in Chemistry of the 11th clas.s (enhanced level) and using the scheme of thinking to organize study activities for students Method of using this scheme of thinking helps students to generalize, to s>'stematiz(- to find out the relationship between knowledges and overcomes shortcomings of traditional teaching methods, contributing to carrying out the aim of teaching 76 ... dung cho dang bai dn tap luyen tap phin Hda hoc phi kim ldp 11 (nang cao), chiing tdi da gdp phan phat triln dupc nang liic nhan thiic, kha nang tu logic, sang tao cho hpc sinh qua dd hinh cho. .. va hudng dSii hpc siiili tu xa>'' dung scj tu cho bai luyen tap phan Hda hoc phi kim ldp 11 (nang cao) So tu kiln tluic can nhd vl cac nguyen t5 phi kim dupc trinh bay d Hinh 2, Hinh va Hinh [ivi^y... tu logic cho hgc sinh cdc gid on tap, day hpc truyen thdng Cd thi ndi so dd tu la mdt cdng cu die lire giiip hpc sinh thuc hien dupc dieu dd Giao vien cd the hudng dan hpc sinh sir dung phin