II NGHIDN cCru & CTNG DUNG IJING DUNG CONG NGHE THONG TIN TRONG DAY HOC TM^€^l^ «A# ® AJS^ I ^ M ®#€ Ddo Thj Hd Nguyin Thj Hirong TrUdng Dai hgc Hong DUc 1 Mot so vdn de chung \i ngUdi sii dyng ho$c t[.]
II NGHIDN cCru & CTNG DUNG IJING DUNG CONG NGHE THONG TIN TRONG DAY - HOC TM^€^l^ « A # ® AJS^ I ^ M ® # € Ddo Thj Hd - Nguyin Thj Hirong TrUdng Dai hgc Hong DUc Mot so vdn de chung \i ngUdi sii dyng ho$c tieu thy, nb^t, hda sdc, tUdng quan mdu dgy vd hoc bg mon trang trf Nghf thuft trang tri ving dyng sdc thi mdi tao dugc mgt bdi Ngdiih hgc trang tri rdt cdn ggi Id nghf thuft trang tri tfp tot Mft thdnh phan khdng rgng dugc chia nhieu the thUdng nghifp cdng nghifp thi xem nh? trang tri la lo^ "Ndi chung dSu lien quan nhdm trinh bdy cac nhan hga tilt trang tri, Hga tilt trang den vdn de thuoc phong cdch, hifu qudng cdo, cac loai hdng tri cd the khai thac tvf v^ d?p thi him thdm my, tinh thdi dai, hda cdc thdnh phan ciia cdng dia cd cdy hoa Id, mudng thii, hdn sac ddn toc Trang tri dUOc nghifp, thUdng nghifp, thCi cdn trung hay ngUdi,,, bdi sii dung mot cdch rgng rdi cdng nghifp cho vifc trang vi dd la nhOng hinh tugng de ddi song bao gom nhieu tri hinh ddng mdu sdc cac san khdi ggi cam xiic tham my Tat linh vUc khdc nhau, hdu nhU ta pham da dang ve chat Uf u nhu di nhQng doi tugng dugc deu thdy vai tro ciia no dat nung, chat d^o, kim loai, cdch difu vd khdi quat hda, cugc song hdng ngdy nhii nghe thiiy tinh, go vai tham len, da, dien hinh hda tren cd sd nhflng thuat trang tri kien triic, trang giay, may tre, cdi, sifng, ngd, , net dep mang yeu to tao hinh fri ngi ngoai that, trang tri my Nghf thuft trang tri, du d vl hinh dang, dUdng net, mang nghe, trang tri cong nghiep, the lo^ nao ndi tren deu mang khoi, mdu sdc, dfm nh^t Ngoai trang tri phuc trang trang tri tinh sang t?io va each difu cao chiing ta cdn cd the khai thac sdn khdu dien dnh, trang tri nham d^t tdi myc tieu la lam hga tilt von co dan tgc mpt dn loat (sdch hdo, minh hga, dep cho cugc song, lam dep hdn kho tang nghf thuft vd cimg tranh co dgng, tranh chdm nhflng cdi von cd cuf c qui gia ma cha dng ta da de 1^, hiem, tranh dd kich )" (TLI, sdng, Vdi bat ky thi lo^ trang nhu hga tilt hoa van tren Uong trang) Ngdnh trang tri ndi tri nao ngUdi ta ciing dya theo ddng Nggc Lu, Ddng Sdn, hay chung hay nghf thuft trang nhflng nguyen tdc trang tri cd cac hga tiet hinh rong phugng tri ndi rieng gdn bd mft thiet ban b6 cyc vd cd sy vfn may nudc dugc chgun tro tinh vdi ddi song ngUdi, dap dyng mft each kheo ko, sdng vi va cdng phu tren mai dinh, ling yeu cau ngdy cdng cao tao, NhGng nguyen tdc mdi chiia, lang tam cua cac thdi ky vd cang phflc t^p ciia xa hgi, cd the tao mft hmh the trang lich sii dan tgc nd vdn cd mft lich sii lau ddi tri mang tinh nghf thuft vd cd Trong hf thdng chUdng tfl liic ngUdi bilt lam tham my, dd Id cdc nguyen tdc: trinh hgc ve nghf thuft t^o dep cho minh va cho quan the nhdc l^i, xen ke, d6i xflng va hmh ciia sinh vien thi cac bai xa hgi thdi hang dgng Nganh nguyen tdc pha the Ben canh tfp trang tri chiem mgt phan hgc trang tri phat trien khdng dd, mau sdc Id ylu t6 quan trgng ldn chUdng trinh cua ngflng nham tim cai dep mgt bdi tfp trang tri, nd nam hgc dau tien Day la mft mdi me, hoan chinh dap flng phai dat dugc nhflng nguyen mdn hgc ddi hdi sy sang t^o kjp nhu cau thim my ciia ly cd ban sau: ndng ^ , dfm de t^o cai dep BCien thflc • TAP CHi THlA^BIGlAO Dgc-S6 77-1/2012 NGHIDN CU'U & CTNG DUNG ciia mdn hgc vfla trflu tugng vfla CU the vi the md cot ldi ciia vifc doi mdi phUdng phdp mdn hgc ndy cd nhieu khuynh hfldng thyc hdnh va ty nghien cflu Lam thi ndo di phdt huy dflgc tinh tich cyc, chu dgng sdng t^o, phan hda dflgc trinh dg vd cd tinh cua ngudi hgc, chong dflgc thdi quen hgc thy dfng, i lai ho?ic ty thod man dang ton t?d cdc trudng cao ddng, dai hgc? Dd Id sfl tran trd, suy nghi ciia moi gidng vien dl dap flng dflgc quy dinh cua Ludt gido dye: "PhUdng phdp ddo tao trinh cao ddng, trinh dai hgc phdi coi trgng viec hoi dUdng y thiic tU gidc hgc tap, ndng lUc tU hgc, tu nghien cUu, phdt trien tu sdng tao, ren luyen ky ndng thUc hdnh, tao dieu kien cho ngUdi hgc tham gia nghien cUu, thUc nghiem Ung dung" (Luft Gido dye 2005) Thyc hifn d^y hgc tich cflc khdng cd nghia la g^t bd cac phUdng phap d^y hgc truyen thong hf thong cdc phUdng phap dgiy hgc quen thugc dflgc dao t?o cac trUdng sfl pham nfldc ta tfl may thap ky gan day Cdc sach ly lufn d?iy hgc da chi rdi ve mft boat dgng nhfn thflc thi cac phfldng phap thyc hanh la tich cyc hdn phfldng phap tryc quan, phfldng phap trflc quan tich cflc hdn phfldng phap dung ldi, Doi mdi phfldng phdp dgiy hgc My thuft ndi rieng la yeU II cau ngUdi thdy phdi bilu rd ddc lUc cho viec xit ly vdn hdn, bdn chat ciia d^y hgc My thuat vdn hdn nghe thudt, tao cdc file khdng phdi chi ddn thudn Id hinh dnh, ve cdc hinh dang, tao day kiln thflc, ky nang md hinh dang cho cdc doi tUdng, phdi d^y ngfldi hgc each cam to mdu cho doi tUdng qudn nhfn, tfl vd sdng t^o nghf ly mdu cao cdp, them cdc hieu thuft, day phfldng phdp lam itng 3D vdo doi tUdng thay doi vifc, cdch hod nhfp vdi xa hf i suot cho doi tUOng, vd ldm chu kiln thflc nang Iflc trinh hdy vd sdp xep, djnh nghi nghifp cua minh dang text, text nghe thuat, ldm iD'ng dyng CNTT viec vdi cdc bitmap (file dnh), day hgc bf mdn trang tri xudt/nhap cdc file, tao cdc 2.1 Si^ dung phdn &ien." (TL2, trang) mim Microsoft PowerPoint, Corel Draw dflgc trang CorelDraw, Andobe Photoshop bi rat nhilu Ifldi, dfldng Phan mem Microsoft gidng, thfldc, cdng cu tao Powpoint: Powpoint Id phan ldp vd cac chgn sdp xlp mem de sfl dyng cho nhieu giiip ban quan ly doi tUdng ngfldi, nd Id chfldng trinh vd kiem tra bao quat ban ve tot cho phep chuan bi tU lifu cua minh vdi mgt so cdng cu thuylt trinh dang slides, Moi nghf thuat nhfl Weld, Trim, trang man hinh ma khan Intersect, Combine vd Break gid dflgc xem ggi la mgt Apart dimg de tJio hifu flng slide Microsoft Powpoint ly thu, Vi dy: each dung Layer cd nhieu flu diem vdi tat ca Manager cd the nhanh chdng cic mau trinh dien mang t^o mgt hga "hinh tinh chat van ban, hinh anh, chim" xuat hifn ben dfldi ldp thi,,., PowerPoint cd luc chfl cua van bdn, Cdng cy trinh chilu mang tinh chat ndy thudng dugc cdc hga si boat hinh, nghia Id cd the thilt kl tranh co dgng, tranh chuyen dgng khdc "t?io dp phich, ban trich,,, nen sy hap dan cho ngUdi Vdi mgt so d ^ g bdi tap xem, d6ng thdi cd the thilt can t^o mang hmh, t^o chat kl nhflng hinh anh minh nhu trang tri bia sdch, tranh hga, hga ddn gian de thi co dgng can cd nhflng mdng ph^m cho sinh vien td mau theo kieu td phun, keo Phdn mlm CorelDraw: dan, hofctd chieu sau, hda trfn "CorelDraw Id mgt chUdng gifla cdc mau thi ta cd the dimg trinh ^ng dung thiit ki hoti mau ki ty (Artistic Text), Chuoi vectd trUc gidc giup ngUdi siC ki ty thfldng rat la va dep dung tao cdc maket qudng cdo mdt, dong thdi nd cflng cho hoac cdc maket de in hay xudt phep ta biln hda khon Ifldng hdn tren Web Trong viec thiet hifu flng ghep, ghep chfl vdo ke hdi gidng CorelDraw ho trd dfldng dan va biln doi chfl TAP CHi THlfrei GIAO DUC-sd 77-1/2012 • I II NGHI£N cCru & CTNG DUNG vl cdc nguyen tdc cua bo cyc thdnh dfldng cong hoac thay trang tri nhfl: xen ke, nhdc lai, doi cdc khodng cdch trin dfldi, pha thi, doi xflng Thiet kl phdi trdi cua d6i tugng Khi mft bai trang tri dfldng diem chiing ta mu6n nhdn bdn mgt theo nguyen tdc nhac lai, can hinh thi chiing ta cflng cd the thilt kl tfl 3-4 do^n hga tilt dung l^nb Apply to Duplicate,., giong Hga tilt cd thi nd se cho ta nhdn bdn cac goc la cdc mau hoa la each di|u dg theo y muon Neu muon dflgc chyp lai tfl tdi hfu hoac cac hinh chdng Icn trd Id nhflng hinh ky hd ddn gidn nen suot, cho phep bat ky cd san d cdc dinh dang vd cac hinh gi ndm d dUdi cung lg rd chuoi ki ty cd sdn tren mdy vi Ta dp dgng "lenh Combire cdn tinh d cdc phan mlm ndi tren, chinh vd sdp xep doi tUdng Cdc Chu y cac mang hga tilt nen hinh chu nhat vd chuoi ky tU cd du cdc kich cd to, nhd, vfla ddm len nhau, delai cdc id dong thdi cd dg thay doi cflng ndi chdng giao nhau, cho phep mlm cua hinh cho cac mdu to phun lg ro" (TL3, trang) mang gifla nin vd hga Phan mem Adobe tilt khdng giong nhau, Photoshop: Id phan mem Chdng h^n, thilt kl hga chuyen diing cho vifc xfl bdi trang tri theo nguyen tac ly dnh Cdc nhd giao due thi ken ke, ta cd the dp dung theo sfl dyng nd di nhap/xuat, xfl nguyen tdc nhdc lai nhflng ly nhflng hinh anh, tao nen Iflu y hai nhip hga tilt chinh nhflng file hinh anh cd kich cd the doi xflng vd nhflng thfldc vfla phdi, dg phan giai hga tilt cdn 1^ khdng doi cao giup cho bdi giang sinh xflng hofc xoay ngflgc bang dgng hdn, Photoshop cd the Hinh sau xur ly (ft lb) each sfl dyng cdng cu keo, can chinh 1^ hinh bi Ifch, chuyin dudi file, nin 2.2 Ung dung cdc phdn mem Hifn mgt so bai trang tri cd tren trang web da sfl file dnh de ch^n vdo van ban day vd hgc ve trang tri hay xuat sang Powerpoint Trong gidng d^y My dyng phfldng phap cdt, ghep Dfc bift Photoshop cd the thuft, ddi hdi ngfldi d^y phii de thilt kl cac bai trang tri cat xen hinh anh de ldp ghip ludn linh boat, sang tao trfldc dfldng diem dfla tren bo hof c dieu chinh mdu sdc theo moi ca nhan ngfldi hgc Yeu cyc tranh cua nhflng ho^ si y thich vd chinh sfla vl sdc dg t6 tich cyc ludn cd sdn ndi tieng nhfl Herri Mattise, ndng, l^nh, tang giam hda sdc hoat dgng d?y vd hgc nghf Goganh, Kandinsky (hinh vd chilu sau ve mau (hinh thuft, Mft bdi hgc My thuft minh hga h.2a) deu d?it dflgc minh hga h,la-b), Dong thfldng dflgc tiln hanh qua hifu qua khac 1^ so vdi each thdi, muon bien hinh anh ba bfldc: Hgc ly thuyet chuyen t^o mdng thdng thfldng thdnh khdng gian ba chilu, mdn; thflc hdnh vd ddnh gia, Vdi bai dgy ve trang tri hmh chung ta cung cd thi ldm vifc rut kinh nghifm bdi tfp trdn, ta cd the dung cac dinh vdi hinh cdu bg lgc 3D Khi sfl dyng cdng nghf d^g cd san phan mem TransSorm thdng tin de thilt ke mgt bai PowerPoint di thiet ke minh hga trang tri, cdn dp dyng trift de theo tflng bfldc nhfl sau: • TAP CHi T H I ^ BI GIAO DUC- Sd 77 1/2012 NGHIDN Hinh 2a Khi giang day ve bai tap hda sac, each pha mdu, may tinh cho ta bon cbl dg mdu: Automatic, Grayscale, Back & White, Washout De dieu chinh sdc thai ndng Ignh, ta dung chi dg Automatic, cbl dg Grayscale cho ta kilm tra dg dfm nhgt cua mdu trung tinh, che dg Back & White giup kiem tra ty If cua cdc mang dfm va sang (hinh minh hga h.2a, h.2b) Nlu can chgn mdu, ta cd the pha mau theo y thich, bang mau cho ta cdc dgng mdu khdc nhau: dgng mau phang, dgng td phun, va dgng mdu dflgc CU'U & U'NG DUNG II bang dam nhat hoac kieu mdu ndy sinh nhflng y tUdng dflgc thilt k l pha chat lieu, mdi vdi thdi gian nhanh va kha thuan tifn Bang each day va hgc ndy, cdng nghf thdng tin se giup gid hgc vd ciing hifu qud, sinh dfng, kich thich dflgc tinh tfl giac, tich cflc hgc tap cua sinh vien Kit lufn CNTT cd nhilu ti^n ich day hgc My thuat nhUng cung chi Id cdng cy ho trg dac lyc cho giang vien chfl khdng lam gidm di vai trd cua ngUdi thay Vi thi nghi day hgc can phdi cd tinh nghf thuat vd day hgc cdc mdn nghf thuat cdng phai nghf thugt hdn Vi vay, ddi hdi ngfldi thay tren buc giang phai vfla Id ngfldi cd kiln thflc chuyen mdn vfla vd ngfldi nghf si, vfla la nha sfl phgm, Cd nhfl thi mdi khdi Hinh 2b ggi, thflc day cho sinh vien Mgt so dang bdi tgp mang tinh yeu nghf thugt, sfl say me tinh chat hog nhfl: thiet kl hgc tap, nghien cflu sang tao, logo, bieu trUng, bieu tugng, tranh co dgng, tranh minh Tai lifu tham khao hga,.,, yeu cau hinh mang, Gido trinh trang trimau sdc chfla dflng day du NXB Gido duc-1998 thdng tin vd y nghia, nhung Ky yeu hgi thao khoa each thilt kl phdi ddn gian cd hgc trudng CDSP Nhac- Hoa dgng, sflc tich,,,, Khi ay chung Trung Udng- NXB My thuat ta cd thi sfl dyng phan mlm 2005 Corel draw d l tgo hinh nhU: CorelDraw 9- Nguyen tgo hinh, mdng, chfl cdch Viet Diing- NXB Hd ngi-1999 difu, hifu qua khdng gian Hudng ddn thUc hdnh tren mgt phdng, Photoshop bdng hinh- Hodng Nhfl vgy, vdi CNTT, Thanh-NXB Thong ke-2002 chflng ta cd the hfldng dan Nhiing bdi trang tri sinh vien each ldm nhilu phdc dep-http:/ /hlog.yume.vn/ thao cho cdc bai trang tri, bo xem-hlog/trang-tri-hinhcyc, hda sdc,, Trong qua V uong-V a-duong-diem trinh thyc hdnh cd the giflp tranhuan8x.35BEBFFA.html TAP CHi T H I ^ BI GIAO DUC-sd 77 = 1/2012 • ... 2.2 Ung dung cdc phdn mem Hifn mgt so bai trang tri cd tren trang web da sfl file dnh de ch^n vdo van ban day vd hgc ve trang tri hay xuat sang Powerpoint Trong gidng d^y My dyng phfldng phap cdt,... cd the hfldng dan Nhiing bdi trang tri sinh vien each ldm nhilu phdc dep-http:/ /hlog.yume.vn/ thao cho cdc bai trang tri, bo xem-hlog /trang- tri-hinhcyc, hda sdc,, Trong qua V uong-V a-duong-diem... phdt huy dflgc tinh tich cyc, chu dgng sdng t^o, phan hda dflgc trinh dg vd cd tinh cua ngudi hgc, chong dflgc thdi quen hgc thy dfng, i lai ho?ic ty thod man dang ton t?d cdc trudng cao ddng, dai