HUdNG DAN QUAN LY, SlT DUNG ONG DUNG CONG NGHE THONG TIN TRONG DAY HOC U C H SLJ • Le Thien Nhien Trifdng THCS Ly Td Trgng Tp Hue 1 Thiic trang day hoc ljch suf va sif can thiet § phai ling dung cong[.]
HUdNG DAN QUAN LY, SlT DUNG ONG DUNG CONG NGHE THONG TIN TRONG DAY HOC U C H SLJ • Le Thien Nhien Trifdng THCS Ly Td Trgng - Tp Hue Thiic trang day hoc ljch suf va sif can thiet § phai ling dung cong nghe thong tin (CNTT) Lich sii la mdt mdn hpc dac thti Kien thiic lich suf la kien thiic ve qua khtf Cd nhiing sif kien da dien each hang tram, hang ngan nam tham chi lau hdn Yeu cau bd mdn ddi hdi, nhan thiic hpc sinh phai tai hien nhtfng sif kien, hien tifdng dd mdt each sd'ng ddng nhif dang dien tnfdc mat minh Ben canh dd, kha nang tif ciia hpc sinh THCS cdn ban che nen viec sii dung phifdng tien trifc quan de giiip htpc sinh tai hien la mdt nguyen tac day hpc lich sii Trong liic dd, cac phifdng tien trifc quan phuc vu day hpc lich sii hien cdn nhieu ban che Phu'dng tien vifa thieu lai vifa khdng phu hdp Vi du: he thd'ng ban va tranh anh lich su' danh muc diing Bd GD&DT phat hanh khdng dii cho cac bai day Ben canh dd kenh chtf va cac ki, hieu qua nhd khdng the sii dung du'dc Mau sac tranh anh cdn ddn dieu va thieu ddng bd, phim tai heu thi hau nhif khdng cd So vdi yeu cau dat ciia bd mdn va dinh 24 hufdng ddi mdi phifdng phap day hpc, phifdng tien day hpc chUa dap iing du'dc va khdng tao nen hiing thii hpc tap cho hpc sinh Viec sii dung CNTT va cac phifdng tien day hpc hien dai day hpc lich sii hien vin cdn gap nhieu khd khan: - Trinh dp tin hpc ciia giao vien (dac biet la ngifdi ldn tudi) cdn gap nhieu ban che; Chi phi cho viec mua sam thiet bi cdn qua cao; - Chifa cd mdt md hinh thd'ng nha't cho viec bai giang dien tii nen viec ling dung cdn mang tinh chat tien, hieu qua mang lai khdng cao Kinh nghiem lihg dung CNTT b trifcftig THCS Ly Tii Trong Thifc te day hpc d tru'dng THCS Ly Tif Trpng TP Hue cho tha'y viec phd bie'n kie'n thtfc tin hpc cho giao vien la van de cd the giai quyet du'dc Nhijlig giao vien tre da biet lihg dung CNTT se la nhtfng hat nhan de tao md hinh thi diem Sau xay diftig md hinh thi diem la qua trinh dao tao va hu'dng din cac ki nang iing dung cho nhiing giao vien khac Ke't qua, sau mpt nam thi diem chiing tdi da cd mpt dpi ngii biet iing dung Sd 64 thang 12 nam 2010 CNTT vao soan bai giang dien tii Cdn viec mua sam trang thiet bi ciing khdng khd, chiing ta thuf lam mdt bai toan ve kinh te de so sanh giifa viec phai bo kinh phi mua sam cac phifdng tien day hpc hien dai (may tinh, projector) vdi viec mua sam hang chuc trieu ddng nhiiiig thiet bi day hpc khac (tranh anh, ban dd, bang phu ) thi se tha'y tinh kinh te va hieu qua cua nd Trong liic dd mdt he thd'ng phu'dng tien day hpc hien dai cd the suf dung cho tat ca cac mdn va thdi lifdng sii dung len de'n hang chuc ngan gid ciing vdi gia thiet bi dang giam dan thi van de kinh te chac chan se khdng cdn lo ngai Ddi vdi bp mdn Lich s^, ngoai viec hifdng dan giao vien each soan giao an va each khai thac tu' heu tren mang intemet, chiing tdi cdn phd bie'n each sii dung cac phan mem da phifdng tien de chinh li tif heu Trong qua trinh thifc hien, viec danh gia va du'a md hinh ling dung va nguyen tac khai thac tu' lieu de dat hieu qua la van de quan trpng nha't Chinh vi vay, cac giao vien lich sii da thdng nhat va difa quy trinh soan giang va sii Hl/dNG dung thu phap truyen thdng da phu'dng tien theo md hinh du'di day Quy trinh scan mot giao an dien tii co suf dung thii phap truyen thong da phifofng tien Sau day la quy trinh soan giang mdt bai lich suf cd sii dung thii phap truyen thdng da phifdng tien (Lich sii 7, tiet 11: Nu'dc Dai Co Viet thdi Dinh Tien Le, phan I) a Bifdc chuan bi tai heu: - Cac phan mem difdc su' dung: PowerPoint 2003 (de thiet ke bai giang); Photozoom (de phdng to cac hinh anh); paint (de chinh h cac hinh anh); window movie maker (de cat cac doan phim) (Tdi gidi thieu cac phan mem bdi vi nd difdc tich hdp san cac he dieu hanh va suf dung ddn gian GV cd the sii dung cac phan mem khac cd chung cdng nang) - Cac tif lieu can cho bai giang: sau dinh hifdng bai giang va cac tai Heu can thie^t nhif mdt doan phim ve Dinh Tien Hoang va kinh dd Hoa Lif; sd dd ve bd may Nha nifdc thdi Tien Le va lifdc ve cupc khang chien chdng Td'ng - Cach tim va xii h Chting ta cd the khai thac cac doan phim tren cac trang web truyen hinh (vtv.org.vn; vntelevision.vn; htv.vnn.vn ) va doan phim tdi khai thac du'dc cd tifa de "Hoa Lu' non nifdc Trang An" ctia VTVl X^3tf5: ':B3 m^i DAN QUAN LY, SO DUNG Cac hinh anh va lifdc dd Viet Nam chiing ta cd the tim kiem tren www.google.com: -t- Xiih' phim: chting ta diing WMM (windows movie maker) de tao nhiihg doan phim vdi hinh anh va am phil hdp vdi bai giang Tif doan phim khai thac difdc tdi da tao doan phim vdi ndi dung "nhifng bien phap ciia nha Dinh" va "kinh dd Hoa Lif" -1- Xii h anh: cac hinh anh chiing ta tim du'dc thifdng cd kich thifde nhd, dp phan giai tha'p nen phai dung Photozoom de phdng ldn l/u diem ciia phan mem la phdng ldn hinh anh van khdng bi nhoe Neu la ban thi chting ta nen dung chifdng trinh Paint de xoa bet nhiihg ki hieu, chif viet de bien no ban dd cam * Lull y: nen dat tat ca cac hinh anh, tu' lieu, phim ke ca bai giang PowerPoint vao mdt thif miic tren may tinh Bdi vi neu ta khdng lam nhu' vay copy thi cac doan phim se khdng hien thi va chep thi phai chep ca thif muc b Bifdc thiet ke bai giang dien tii: - Tren cd sd giao an chiing ta cd the hien thifc boa y tifdng giao an dien tii theo mpt hinh tif cac bu'dc len ldp Theo kinh nghiem giang day thu'c te chting ta nen cd mdt shde chinh sau dd tao cac hen ket den cac sUde phan O shde chinh va slide phan nen cd cac nut lien ket de'n va quay ve trang chinh de giiip giao vien chu dpng hdn qua trinh dieu khien Bai giang ciia tdi gdm cd 15 shde - Khi thiet ke giao an theo md hinh can lifu y: trang chlnh ciia giao an chinh la de eu'dng ciia bai giang Ttf trang chinh, cac tieu miic lan lu'di hien thi ttfng phan, tren cd sd dd chting ta cd the hen ket den cac sUde phan va quay ve trang chinh de hpc sinh cd the ghi ndi dung bai hpc Dd'i vdi sd dd va lifdc dd chiing ta cung cho hien thi tifng phan theo y tifdng ctia ngifdi day c Bu'dc len ldp giang day thifc te - Dau tien giao vien nen tao ddng cd hpc tap bang mdt eau ndi ciia lanh tu (vi du: Dan ta phai biet siita ) hoac du'a mdt nhan dinh ve miic dich cua viec hpc lich sii de gay sif htfng thii cho hpc sinh d man hinh chd.- Khau kiem tra bai cu can neu cau hdi va phifdng an tra ldi de hpc sinh quan sat va ghi nhd kien thtfc cu - Trang chinh: Giao vien cho hien thi ttfng phan, ttfng muc gidng nhif qua trinh ghi bang den Ttf dd tao cac sieu hen ket den cac trang phu cd chiia cau hdi va ndi dung ttfng phan hoac doan phim, tranh anh, ban - Sau hu'dng dan hpc sinh tim hieu bai hpc, giao (Xem tiep trang 30) s d 64 thang 12 nam 2010 25 DIEN DAN dd cd thiet ke giao an dien tii (GADT) de thtfc hien bai giang trinh chieu Chting ta da bie't, ldi the ciia GADT la phong phli ve hinh anh de minh hpa, ban che du'dc each day truyen thd'ng phan trang bang den Hdn ntfa SGK bay gid da eung cap dii kien thiic GV nha'n manh y giang bai, HS cd the gach du'di nhifng ndi dung quan trpng SGK chii khdng the chep bet nhifng gi cd sach vi SGK chi la tai heu Rieng ldp 12 thi thuan ldi hdn vi cd Atlat vtfa sii dung gid hpc vtfa sii dung thi Da so ndi dung ciia SGK deu difdc the hien qua Atlat vi the cac em HS phai biet khai thac tdi da GV nao "ctfng tay" thi chuyen kien thiic ttf SGK sang Atlat mdt each dl dang, se giam bdt du'dc tinh trang thay dpc - trd chep, HS phai nhd thudc long Hdn nifa cu the hda kien thiic SGK nen nhan dien qua Atlat khdng khd Nha't la bai dai thi cang khdng the thifc hien dpc - chep thuan tiiy difdc vi se khdng cdn thdi gian cho HS nghe giang Khi day bang GADT, GV lai cang difa vao SGK thdng qua kenh hinh va kenh chif Tuy nhien ciing can lifu y la SGK bay gid khdng cdn la phap lenh niia ma chi la tai lieu Van de la lam chiing ta phai day diing vdi chuan kie'n thiic Mdt thuan ldi khac la SGK hien cd cac cau hdi nhd xen ke gitfa bai Nhtfng cau hdi dd yeu cau HS dif kie'n ndi dung chuan bi tra ldi va dd phan nao xac dinh trpng tam ttfng phan miic GV bay gid ciing khdng ve ban dd nhu' trifdc ma chi hifdng dan HS sii dung ban dd Thao tac difdc ren ttf cac ldp difdi, cap difdi den ldp 12 chi can van dung vao ttfng bai Tuy theo ndi dung ttfng bai ma suf dung Atlat cho phti hdp Tuy nhien ddi hdi cd sd vat eha't tru'dng ldp phai day dii va hien dai Ngdai GV can ren luyen cac em ky nang phan tich va tdng hdp vi nhd kien thiic vSn chu'a du.B Hoa Thi Trang Tiling THDT Hodng HoaThan tfng dung cong nghe thong tin (Xem tie'p trang 25) vien su" dung cau hdi trac nghiem de danh gia miic dp tiep thu kie'n thiic ciia hoc sinh hoac sii dung lifdc dd cho hpc sinh trinh bay lai (ne'u bai giang cd dien bien ciia mpt tran danh, mpt bien cd, mpt cudc chien tranh ) de danh gia ki nang - Cud'i cung la phan chuan bi cho bai mdi: Giao vien phai dat cac yeu cau cu the va hlfdng din hpc sinh giai quyet cac yeu cau * Khi giang day can liiU y: -iNguyen tac ciia viec sif dung tnic quan: neu van de tru'dc 30 cho hpc sinh xem phim hoac sd phifdng tien ddi vdi mdn lich siif do, ban dd tren cd sd dd giiip d tnfdng THCS dang difdc thi hoc sinh khai thac va rut ket diem va bu'dc dau da thu du'dc luan Ne'u lam ngifdc lai thi nhiihg hieu qua dang ke Chting nhiihg tif heu ma chiing ta difa ta da khac phuc difdc nhieu ban chi mang tinh chat minh hoa, che cua viec day hpc lich suf vdi khdng dem lai hieu qua cho bai phu'dng phap va phu'dng tien hpc; + De tao nen hieu qua, truyen thdng va da tao mdt sd su'dung cac doan phim cam hieu qua tich cifc Tuy vay ciing (khdng cd am thanh), sd dd, khdng cd phifdng phap va ban ldi ndi cua giao vien phifdng tien nao la van nang, phai di lien vdi cac hieu ilng de mdi phu'dng phap, phifdng tien cho kenh am va kenh deu cd uU diem va nhu'dc diem hinh anh ludn ke't hdp nhuan cua nd Diem ban che ciia md hinh la mpt so' hpc sinh nhuyin vdi Viec iihg dung CNTT vdi khdng ghi chep kip cac ndi dung thii phap truyen thdng da chi tiet tren man chie'u • Sd 64 thang 12 nam 2010 ... du''dc luan Ne''u lam ngifdc lai thi nhiihg hieu qua dang ke Chting nhiihg tif heu ma chiing ta difa ta da khac phuc difdc nhieu ban chi mang tinh chat minh hoa, che cua viec day hpc lich suf vdi khdng... hinh anh va lifdc dd Viet Nam chiing ta cd the tim kiem tren www.google.com: -t- Xiih'' phim: chting ta diing WMM (windows movie maker) de tao nhiihg doan phim vdi hinh anh va am phil hdp vdi... Photozoom de phdng ldn l/u diem ciia phan mem la phdng ldn hinh anh van khdng bi nhoe Neu la ban thi chting ta nen dung chifdng trinh Paint de xoa bet nhiihg ki hieu, chif viet de bien no ban dd cam