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Ill NGHIEN CUU&Ut\IG DUNG ^ o CAC KY NANG CAN THIET DE UNG DUNG CONG NGHE THONG TIN TRONG DAY HOC UCH SUT TS Nguyin Manh Hufrng Tru&ng Dgi hpc Suphgm Hd Noi Trong chuang trinh LS d trucmg pho thong, G[.]
Ill NGHIEN CUU&Ut\IG DUNG ^ o CAC KY NANG CAN THIET DE UNG DUNG CONG NGHE THONG TIN TRONG DAY HOC UCH SUT TS Nguyin Manh Hufrng Tru&ng Dgi hpc Suphgm Hd Noi T rong chuang trinh LS d trucmg thong, GV chi nen khai thdc uu diim cua CNTT dgy nhOng hdi hpc md npi dung kiin thicc LS cdn thiit phdi sic dung ditng true quan, nhimg phucmg tiin truyin thong khdng thi hiin dugc, hoac it cd khd nang the hiin Cu thi la: - Vai dang bai hge co ngi kien thiic phan anh ve dieu kien tu nhien, xa hoi gan lien vai qua trinh hinh thanh, phat trien cua dan toe va cac nen van minh lan tren the giai, SV se van dung CNTT thilt ke luge giao khoa dien tir, lap bang so sanh, so tu duy, tranh anh, phim tai lieu, nham tang tinh hinh anh, sinh dgng cho bai giang Khi gap dang bai hge co ngi dung kien thiic phan anh eac tuu van boa vat chat, giao due, khoa hge ki thuat cua nhan loai qua cac thdi ki LS, SV dugc hudng dan van dung CNTT de thiet ke cac dang slide kenh hinh lien quan den cong trinh kien tnic, tac pham nghe thuat, chu viet, phim tai lieu, - Vdi bai hge ma ngi dung kien thirc de cap den moi quan he quoc te, cac cuoc chien tranh, khdi nghia, each mang, chiing toi ren luyen cho SV van dung CNTT thiet ke cac slide luge giao khoa dien tir, so hda kien thiic - Grap, nien bieu, de nang eao hieu qua hudng dan HS khai thac boi eanh va ngi dung cac biic anh LS, phim tai lieu, qua trinh DH - SV ciing dugc ren luyen PP lap so tu duy, su dung tranh anh chan dung nhan vat, hudng dan HS khai thac phim tai lieu, so hda kiln thiic va bang so sanh, gap dang bai hge ma ngi dung kien thiic phan anh ve tinh hinh kinh te, chinh tri, ddi song xa hoi cua cac giai cap va tap doan ngudi xa hoi, ciing nhu moi quan he cua nd qua cac thdi ki LS Vdi dang bai on tap, so ket, tdng ket LS, PP hieu qua nhat de tich hgp CNTT vao DH la sir dung phan mem lap so tu duy, tao nien bieu cd xen ke hinh anh giiip HS he hoa kien thiic da hge qua timg chuong/phan Vi du, de nang cao hieu qua viec tong ket ve vai trd cua Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh doi vdi each mang Viet Nam (1911 1945), GV dimg phan mem Mind Manager thiet ke so tu hudng dan eac em tdng ket va he thong hda kien thiic ve vai tro cua Nguyen Ai Quoc theo ba giai doan anh, ) tren Internet Ky nang trudc tien h6 trg cho SV each thiic tim kilm va sir dung hieu qua eac nguon tai lieu tham khao tren Internet dl hge bai, md rgng kiln thirc, lam tieu luan/khda luat tit nghiep va on thi hge tren giang dudng dai hge Ddng thdi, nd ciing dinh hudng cho GV biet each thiet ke cae slide hinh anh, hd trg cho PP mieu ta, luge thuat, cu the hda su kien, hoae khac sau kien thiic cho HS day tren ldp Do SGK bien soan theo hudng md, ngi dung bai viet rat co dgng, nhieu sir kien, hien tugng LS chi gidi thieu khai quat, neu GV chi "phdt lgi" kien thiic se lam cho gid hge buon te, HS khong hiing thu Hien nay, vdi uu diem la "mang cita cdc mang'', cac dia chi tren Internet se cung cap eho GV nhieu nguon tu lieu quy phuc vu DH Trudc day, GV d xa trung tam thi khong cd dieu kien mua sach, hoac eac dia CD - Rom hi lieu dien tir, thi hien mang Internet d cac trudng THPT se hd trg cho GV dl dang tim kilm hinh anh, bai vilt lien quan de chuan bi bai day tot ban Tuy nhien, vi ngudn hoc lieu dien tii tren mang Internet rit phong phii, da dang nen GV phai tuan thu cac nguyen L Cac kl nang khai thac tic su pham va tranh tinh noi dung LS (bai vilt, hinh Ngdy nhdn bdi 25/7/2012: Ngdy duyel ddng 25/9/2012 12 • TAP CHI THlfTBI GIAO DUC-SO 86-10/2012 NGHIEN CUU&U>JG DUNG trang "chdt ddng tdi lieu", lam loang kien thiic trgng tam cua mdi bai hge Ky nang khai thac v^ van dung thao cac chinmg trinh thdng dung cua may vi tinh de chuin bi ho sor tu Ufu cho bM day Thue tiln cho thiy, nhilu trudng phd thdng chua dugc trang bi day dii phuang tien DH, nhat la dd dimg true quan quy ude (luge dd, so dd, bilu dd LS, ) Tuy nhien, S V khoa Sir, Trudng Dai hge Su pham Ha Ndi sau tot nghiep cd the khac phuc duge khd khan nay, nhd dugc rta luyen eac kl nang tren Cac em cd the Scan hinh anh SGK, rdi dua len may vi tinh, sir dung cac chuang trinh boa de xur li thdng tin, nhu: td mau sac cho doi tugng, ve ki hieu va tao hieu iing chuyen dgng tren luge (mui tan cdng, la cd, bd duoc khdi nghia ) LTU diem Idn nhat thiet ke loai kenh hinh la tao dugc yeu td "dpng" (khae vdi dd dung tryc quan qui ude khac - chi cd yeu td "tinh ") Thanh thao ve ki thuat t^o Trigger and Timing tren phan mim M.Powerpoint se giiip GV tao dugc nhilu kilu iing dung tuang tac, hinh anh xuat hien dting liic, dimg chd theo kl hoaeh su pham ciia ngudi day Khi td chiic DH tren ldp, nhiing hinh anh tuang tac xuat bien diing thai diem vira la dd dimg true quan sinh dgng giiip HS dl tilp thu va khie sau kiln thiic, -vira la kenh thdng tin quan trgng dl HS khdng bj "hien dai hda " LS Ky nang suu tam va khai thac nguon hoc lieu dien tjr, cac phan mem tien ich CO san trSn th| tru-dng Gin day, xuit phat tit nhu cau cua GV cac bg mdn cin tu lieu dien tu dl iing dung CNTT vao DH, tren thi tnidng da xuat hien cae san phim tien ich, GV cd thi tim kilm va sit dyng hieu qua, nhu: "Hu&ng ddn sit dung nhung hinh dnh vi Chit tich Hd Chi Minh tren CD vd phdn mim PowerPoint DHLS", "Gido dn vd tu lieu diin tu; mdn LS l&p 11" Hoae cae CD va VCD: "Ki uc Dien Biin ", "Ho Chi Minh chdn dung mot ngu&i", "12 ngdy dim thdng Chgp nam 1972", Encatar (tu 2002 din 2011), Ky nang vin dung CNTT dl thilt kl v^ hudng dan HS khai thac cac loai dung true quan quy ude DH bai nghien cihi kien thuc mdi, bai on tap, sa ket, tdng kit LS, hoac t6 chuc kiem tra HS Dac tnmg cua dang bai dn tap, so ket, tdng ket LS la GV hudng dan HS tu dn tap, khai quat, he thdng hda lai nhung kien thiie co ban da hge qua timg thdi ki, giai doan LS, nhung phai sir dung nhieu nien bieu, so dd Theo PPDH cac bai dn tap, so ket va tdng kit truyen thdng, GV thudng dua nhiem vu yeu cau HS ty lap nien bieu, ve so dd ve mot giai doan, hay qua trinh LS Sau it phiit ty dn tap, mdt sd HS se trinh bay trudc ldp, cudi cimg GV nhan xet, tdng ket lai bing viec chiia tren bang II den PPDH se tdn thdi gian, lai khd tao dugc hiing thii hge tap cho HS, nhung nlu van dung CNTT vao DH, GV cd the thiet ke duge nhilu nien bieu, so hda kiln thiic LS tren slide theo y tudng su pham Llie td chiic cho HS dn tap, GV trinh ehieu tren man hinh nhiem vu hge tap, hudng dan cac em PP lam viec (theo timg ca nhan, cap ddi, nhdm nhd, hoac toan ldp), sau dd bao cao ket qua Cudi cimg, GV nhan xet, tdng ket tren man hinh bang so dd hda kiln thiic, hoac nien bieu da chuan bi tir trudc (cd the lien ket vdi mdt sd hinh anh de HS nhd lai sy kien da hge) PP khdng nhiing tiet kiem thdi gian, tap trung dugc su chii y eua HS, ma cdn tao dugc sy hiing thii, kieh thich kha nang ty dn tap, gdp phan cai tien PP va nang cao hieu qua bai dn tap, so ket va tdng ket LS S Ky nang van dung thao phan mem Mind Manager de thiet ke sor dd tv (SDTD) SDTD (cd ngudi ggi la ban tu duy, hay luge tu duy, ) la mdt hinh thiic "ghi chip " bang each ket hgp viec su dung ddng thdi cac "tic khda", hinh anh, dudng net, mau sac vdi sy tu tich eye, nham tim tdi, dao sau, md rdng y tudng, tdm tit nhiing y chinh ciia mdt ngi dung, he thdng hda kien thirc ciia mdt chu de, each giai mdt dang bai tap, SDTD la so dd "md", khdng yeu ciu ti le kbit khe nhu ban id dia li hay ban dd LS Ngudi sii dung cd thi ve TAP CHITHIETBI GIAO DUC-SO 86-10/2012 • Ill NGHIEN CUU&U>IG DUNG them/lugc bdt di cae nhanh, mdi ngudi ve mdt kieu khae the hien qua mau sac, hinh anh, tir khda Cimg mdt ehil de, GV cd the the hien y tudng va tu theo each rieng, nen phat huy tdi da nang lye sang tao ciia ngudi day va ngudi hge Ddng vai trd la cdng cu dd hga true quan ndi eac tir khda va hinh anh lien quan vdi nhau, SDTD se ho trg tich eye cho GV va HS day - hge eac bai nghien cim kien thiic mdi, bai dn tap, so ket, tdng ket, hoae ciing cd, he thdng hda kien thiic sau mdi bai/giai doan/chuong/phan, Ddng thdi, nd ciing rat hiru ich cho can bg quan li, sinh vien, HS lap va thuc hien ke hoach cdng tac, hge tap ciia minh Vi nhu d hinh tren, GV van dung phan mem Mind Manager tdng ket ve vai trd cua Nguyen Ai Qudc ddi vdi each mang Viet Nam (1911 - 1945), giiip HS de dang khai quat, tdng hgp kien thiic LS Tren the gidi, viec sir dung SDTD vao day - hge da dugc nghien eiiu va ap dung phd bien Tai Viet Nam, PP mdi dugc ap dung tit nam 2006, nhung chua dugc nghien ciiu day du va phd bien dai tra Nd ehil yeu dugc sir dung tan man gidi HS, SV trudc mua thi bang PP thu cdng thdng qua cay biit, trang giay trang, Vi vay, dua ngi dung ren luyen ki nang van dung phan mem Mind Manager cho SV se gdp phan quan trgng vao ddi mdi PP va nang cao chat lugng day - hge mon LS Ky nang thilt kl va van 14 dung Unh hoat giao an dien tir (GADT) theo dac trung mon hoc Day la uu diem Idn nhat cua CNTT, dugc GV khai thae va ling dung phd bien nha trudng, la sy tdng hgp ciia eae ngi dung neu tren Hien nay, Bd GD & DT chua cd bat ki cdng van, chi thi nao quy dinh cau tnic, hinh thiic va PP thiet ke GADT eho eac mdn hge Tuy nhien, GV can phai hieu rang, GADT ndi chung, cua mdn LS ndi rieng chii yeu hd trg thyc hien cac nhiem vu bai hge nghien ciiu kien thiic mdi, dd nd van phai gdm eae yeu td co ban cua mdt giao an thdng thudng ma GV timg soan: ed muc tieu cu the, cac budc chuan bi, cd thiet bi hd trg DH, dy kien tien trinh DH, Ben canh dd, GADT mdn LS cdn phai dam bao tinh khoa hge va tham mi giao due, tinh he thdng - Idgic va true quan, tinh tuong tac cua thay va trd Dac biet, GADT phai tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho GV sit dung, cd the xit li tdt vdi nhieu tinh hudng su pham xay tren ldp, de dang va linh boat phdi hgp vdi cac PPDH truyen thdng khac nhu ke ehuyen, mieu ta, luge thuat, trao ddi dam thoai, Dam bao nhiing yeu cau, qui trinh thiet ke GADT mdn LS va due ket kinh nghiem tir thyc tien phd thdng, chiing tdi gidi thieu va ren luyen cho SV ba each thiet ke sau: (chilm khoang 1/3 slide) la ten dl muc, hoac tieu muc va vin tat ndi dung kien thiic CO ban Ben phai cua giao an (chiem khoang 2/3 slide) dimg de trinh chieu cau hdi trgng tam, nhiing sd lieu lien quan, hoac kenh hinh hd trg eho boat ddng tuomg tac giiia thiy va trd, tuong iing vdi ngi dung kien thirc d cac de muc, tieu muc phia ben trai De mang tinh khoa hge va Idgic, day den ngi dung nao, ten dl muc phai hien thi dudi dang chii in dam, gilip HS de hinh dung Nhin ehung, day la each thiet ke khoa hge nhat, vi nd giiip GV the hien dugc y tudng, ke hoach su pham, khdng bi le thudc vao GADT day tren ldp Tuy nhien, GV phai sir dung "ki thudt Trigger vd Timing " de cd the xu li tdt eac tinh hudng su pham va "ho qua" nhiing hinh anh khdng can thiet (neu thdi gian tiet hoc khdng cho phep) Hinh dudi minh hga cho slide GADT: "Sa td chicc hp mdy nhd nu&c th&i Hiing Vuong" (Bai 23 Nu&c Vdn Lang - Au Lgc, ldp 10, chuang trinh chuan) • OO TdCHUC BO M A Y N H * MUOC TMSlHLfflG W O H G UDClillW'lllUC' b w trono singtanhli wi| NMngdiuyk, bfadl*4i nha rw*c Vin Ljng-Aiil^ ! I L#etiitrfl(B«HL«;lu«noiBOlf—jucMBiKMt ZZ I I III I ' Cdch thiet ki thic nhdt: - Cdch thiet ke thu hai: Tren Tren mdi shde cua GADT se ghi diy du ten bai hoc (chii: moi slide GADT, ten bai hoc, in dam va ro net), d ben trai de cuong bai giang, he th6ng • TAP CHITHIETBI GIAO DUC-SO 86-10/2012 NGHIEN CUU& UMG DUNG kenh hinh, nhirng sd lieu lien quan se dugc thilt k l xen ke lan nhau, sap xep theo trinh ty phil hgp vdi tiln trinh DH tren ldp cua GV Cach thilt k l kha don gian, phu hgp vdi GV cd trinh CNTT d miic trung binh, nd ed the giam bdt thdi gian ghi bang va bao dam tuong ddi tinh logic, he thdng ciia bai giang Tuy nhien, GV nen tao eac lien ket vdi cho chat che va han chi viec "chiiu ehie" len man hinh, trii nhung y quan trgng, can thiet Hinh tren minh hga cho cau hdi cua GV: "Em hiiu thi ndo Id chi dp chuyin chi cd dgi phuang Dong? " HS trao ddi, tra Idi xong, GV nhan xet va dua thdng tin phan hdi bing so minh hga Ca cdu xd hpi cd dgi phuang Ddng co dgi, ket hgp PP mieu ta, neu dac diem va giai thieh D A O HIN D U Brahma (Than sang tao) Siva (Than huy diet) Visnu ( t h a n bao hp) C ^ c h thi§t k e thLP b a xep theo tien trinh bai giang, su pham Ha Noi (2008) ho trg GV hudng dan HS Nguyln Thi Coi (Chii khai thac kenh hinh Viec trinh bien), Trinh Dinh Tung, Nguyen bay bang va eac boat ddng td Manh Hudng, Ren luyen ki chiic cho HS hge tap vin diln ndng, nghiep vu su phgm mon binh thudng nhu PPDH Lich sic, Nxb Dai hpc su pham truyen thdng Cach thilt k l Ha Noi, 2009 kha don dieu, phd bien Summary vdi nhimg GV mdi tiep can Article introduces content, CNTT, vi nd khdng ddi hdi share for you to read the eao ve trinh cdng nghe, dd experiences of Faculty of tdn thdi giem, it lam xao trdn History, Hanoi National cac thao tie tren ldp ciia GV University of Education guide students in teacher training skills niiiit«::jii»»»i»]ii»i HIIJIiiiiHiHHiHffiiiiBliBHiHil to apply information technology c o r c A u xA H O I c d a i i i i PHLTCTNG O A N O in teaching and leaming history in high school Giat c i p thAng tr} This paper focuses on two Quy t ^ tfuan I f l main topics: 1) Oriented experiences for N6os (ttn cAns xtt students of pedagogical history that determined the forms and methods of applying information C ^ c h thi6t k thCp h a i technology in teaching; so vdi bai day truyen thdng 2) Six content teachers - Cdch thiit ki thu ba: GV guide students in historic khdng nhit thiet phai dua vao Tai lieu tham khao train proficient skills to apply cac slide GADT ten bai day, Dang CS Viet Nam, Vdn information technology in de muc, ndi dung de cuong kien Hpi nghi lan thullBCHTW teaching bai giang, ma chi thiet ke mdt Ddng (khod VIII), Nxb Chinh tri The article will be an important sd kenh hinh lien quan den bai QuIc gia, Ha Noi (1997) direction for universities and hge, thay cho viec su dung cac Phan Ngoc Lien (Chu colleges to develop curriculum phuang tien DH truyen thdng bien), Ddng CS Viet Nam vdi su framework pedagogical bachelor trudc day Vi nhu so dd, tranh nghiep GD & DT, NXB Dai hoc history anh, bang so sanh, dugc sap } } TAP CHITHIETBI GIAO DUC-SO 86-10/2012 - I S ... kien tien trinh DH, Ben canh dd, GADT mdn LS cdn phai dam bao tinh khoa hge va tham mi giao due, tinh he thdng - Idgic va true quan, tinh tuong tac cua thay va trd Dac biet, GADT phai tao dieu... khac - chi cd yeu td "tinh ") Thanh thao ve ki thuat t^o Trigger and Timing tren phan mim M.Powerpoint se giiip GV tao dugc nhilu kilu iing dung tuang tac, hinh anh xuat hien dting liic, dimg chd... eac kl nang tren Cac em cd the Scan hinh anh SGK, rdi dua len may vi tinh, sir dung cac chuang trinh boa de xur li thdng tin, nhu: td mau sac cho doi tugng, ve ki hieu va tao hieu iing chuyen