Daifvalifc I 17 Ban ve nhu)ig kl nang mem thiet yeu &o''''\ vGfi sinh vien sir pham ThS NGUYEN THI HAO Vi§n Khoa hpe Giao dye Vi''''dt Nam The gidi dang chuyin minh nhanh chdng va phQc tgp vdi sy phat triln[.]
Daifvalifc I 17 Ban ve nhu)ig kl nang mem thiet yeu &o'\ vGfi sinh vien sir pham ThS NGUYEN THI HAO Vi§n Khoa hpe Giao dye Vi'dt Nam T he gidi dang chuyin minh nhanh chdng va phQc tgp vdi sy phat triln nhQ vu bao cCia nen kinh te tri thQc loan clu Trude bdi clnh dd, xay dyng va phat indn ddi ngu nhan lyc chit lupng cao la nhidm vy e^p bach qua trinh hdi nh$p qude td cQa Vi^t Nam M6t nhQng lye lupng giO vai trd then chdl Irong qua Irinh dao igo ngudn nhan lyc la ddi ngQ giao vidn cCia tit c l cac cap hpe Nghj quydt Dgi hdi Blng loan qude lln IhQ XI da khang djnh: "phat thdn dpi ngiJ giao vidn va can bd quln ly giao dye la khau then chdf' qua trinh ddi mdi cSn bin, loan dl^n ndn giao dye Vipl Nam theo hudng ehuin hda, hidn dgi hda, xa hdi hda, dan chCi hda va hdi nh§p qude td Ngudi giao vi&n gidi phii hdi ly c l ky nang cQng (ky nang ehuydn mon) va ky nang mdm De dgi dupc di^u dd, til edn la nhQng sinh vien su phgm, hp c3n phii dugc cung cap dly dCi e l ky nang chuyen mdn va ky nSng mdm cin thidl trd quan trpng cupe sdng cua ngudlDay la nhQng ky nang khong lien quan den kien thdc chuyen mdn, khong the sd nIm, nhung khong phii la ky nang dac dipt ma phy thude vao ea tinh cua IQng ngQdi, Inh hudng Idn den viec xac lap mdi quan he giQa ngudi va ngudi Khai nidm ky nang mem cCia bai viel dupe sQ dyng hd quy chieu vdi khai nigm ky nSng cQng hay ky nang chuy§n mdn II SAU Kl NANG MEM THIET YEU DOI V(3l SINH VIEN SU PHAM Co s6 de xuat Bdn nhdm yeu td sau day la nhQng eo sd chinh, lian quan mgi thiet den dgc trung cLJg sinh vien su phgm, cy the la: ThCrnhat si/ thay ddi lam sinh ly cua sinh vien sdph^m: Chuyen IQ phd thdng len dgi hpe, sinh vien phii ddi m^t vdi nhQng Ihay ddi Idn ve tam, sinh ly, Hdn nQa, ve mat gidi linh I KY NANG MEM (soft skillscore skills) cua sinh vien sQ phgm, nQ Ihudng chiem sd iQpng nhieu hdn nam nen ddi sdng linh cam Igi cang phQc tgp Lam the nao de Trong sudl mdt Ihgp k^ g^n day, khai nigm "ky nang mem" Ihich Qng voi mdi trudng sdng va hpe lap mdi la mpl bai loan dupc dd c§p ddn kha phd bidn.Ddn cii djnh nghTa lieu bleu khdng de gill doi vdi hau het sinh vien, dae bidl la cac sinh sau vien xual Ihan IQ linh le Thye irgng ddi hdi sinh vien su Trung lim dio tao vi phit trien ky ning mSm cCia An Do phgm phai trang bj cho minh nhQng vij mgnh me nhal de dua djnh nghTa ky nang mem la t i l c l cac ky nang khac ddi mgt vdi cugc chien mdi (ngoai cac V.y nang cQng) dQpc yeu cau cho cdng nghd nghldp ThCfhai, vai trd vi yeu cau nghS nghiep d6i vdi sinh viin su Sean Hawit, chuyen gia tu van nghe nghigp cua My cho ph^m Sinh vien sUphgm se trd ngudi dao tgo Idp Idp ring ky nang mSm la nhQng ky nang thudc ve b i n chat eCia the he tuong lai Ngudi dgy la lam guong sang ma ngudi hgc ngudi - khdng IJSn quan ddn kien thQc chuy§n mdn, khdng nhin vao dd de noi theo, Vi the, de cd the dao tgo ngudi khac, trudc lien ngudi dgy phai ty hoan thien minh sd nim dupe, khdng phii la ea ti'nh d$c bi^t cua moi ngudi, nd xac djnh nang cua mdt ngudi de trd lanh dgo, TbUba, yeu cau cua xa hgi Vigt Nam dang qua trinh dl6n gil, doanh nhfln va ngudi hda g i l l hdi nhap va loan cau hda qude id Ngudi dgy phai hda minh vao ddng chay ehung cCia xa hpi Mudn vSy, hp khdng thd chi Myc tiSu cua bdi vidt t$p I I t§p Irung nghien cQu ve mpt sd k? nSng mSm cSn thidt d6i vdi sinh vidn su phgm, tQ dd dd dQng Igi d 'Ihe gidi hge dudng" hgn hgp ma phli sQ dyng cac ky nang de cgp nhgt kien thQc, khoa hoc ky Ihu^t lien lidn xult glli phap nflng cao chat iQpng dao tgo ky nang mem cho nhdm adi tupng nly Can cQ vao myc tiSu tren va qua trinh Thi/tU, thi/c trang nh$n IhUc vi sifdi/ng ky ning mSm cOa nghiSn cQu v l kj? nSng m6m, bai vidt dua dinh nghTa ve ky sinh vi&n pham: Huynh Van Sdn, DH SU phgm TP.HCM tien nSng mdm nhusau hanh khao sal tren 1.089 sinh vien hd chinh quy eac Irudng sU K^ nSng mdm la Ihugt ngQ dugc dung de chi nhOng ky phgm thye hign de lai nghien cQu khoa hgc cap Bd Phit nflng lldn quan dSn chi sij EQ (ehl sd tri tu$ d m xQc), cd vai then ky ning mem cua sinh viin cac trudng d^i hgc sUph$m, 18, lac gia da cdng bd nhQng eon sd "biet ndf': 59,9% sinh vien su phgm dQpc khio sat cho biel khd khan Idn nhal la lam vigc nhdm, 52,3% thUdng cho ring y tudng cua minh dung nen lim mgi each bio ve, 49,9% khong biel each giai quyel nhdm cd mau Ihuan da phan nao the hign tinh trgng "bao dgng" ve sy thieu hyl ky nang mem eua sinh vien sU phgm Thieu ky nang mem la Ihyc trang ehung cCia sinh vien hien nhUng sQ menh dao tao the hg tUOng lai nen ddi sinh vien su phgm, mQc dd quan trpng cua van de duge day len tam eao hon Thieu ky nang mem, ngudi day gap rat nhieu khd khan Irong qua Irinh dgy hge va Igo lap moi quan he vdi cac ddi tuong co lien quan Cac ky nang mem thiet yeu ddi vdi sinh vien sU phgm Cac ky nang mem ludn cd sy giao thoa lln nen viec phan chia nhQng ky nang ehl mang tinh tUPng ddi, nhlm phyc vu cho myc dich nang cao hieu qua dao lao ky nang mem cho sinh vien sU pham Ky nang 1: Ky nang giao tiep (communication skills) Khai niem Giao tiep la dung nhQng cQ ehl, Idi ndi dgp va each noi phu hgp dam thogi tgi nPi lam viec, gdm hai hinh IhQe: giao liep bang Idi va giao liep khdng Idi Vai trd cOa ky nang giao tiep doi vdi sinh vien sU pham: Day la ky nang quan trpng dau lien edn phai cd ddi vdi sinh vien sU phgm Ddi tupng giao tiep cua sinh vien su phgm rat da dgng vdi dac diem lam, sinh ly rat khac SQ dyng giao liep mgt each hieu qua de tgo sy ddng thuan, cam thong, chia se vdi nhQng ddi lugng la mdt cong viec khdng de dang Hdn nQa, yeu c l u nghe nghiep ddi vdi mpt ngudi giao vien trudc he! la phli chuyen l l i bai gilng mdt each luu loal, de hieu, Neu khdng giao tiep td'L ngUdi dgy khdng the td chQc cdng mpt bai giang Yeu cau can dgt cua ky nang giao tiep ddi vdi sinh vien su phgm: - Ling nghe va thu thap thdng tin mgi each hieu qua + Lang nghe de nam bit ngi dung, y nghTa cua Idi ndi, nhIm hieu ro va thu hut ddi tugng vao cugc ndi chuyen NgUdi ling nghe can td quan lam, hUng Ihu, chia se tam trang, chu y phan hdi cua ddi lupng, dac biet khdng dupe td sot rudt va ngQng lam mgi viec cd Ihe !am gian dogn cam xuc cua ngudi ndi Nguyen tic lang nghe la khdng gia vd lang nghe, khdng ngit Idi ngudi khac, + Sinh vien sU pham can tap ISng nghe moi each kien nhin va khach quan vi ddi tUpng liep xuc hing eua ho la ngudi hgc, Moi ngUdi hgc lai co nhQng dgc diem tam sinh iy khac Dgc biet vdi ngudi hpe d cap lien tieu hgc, lieu hpe, nhieu eac em cd nhQng cau hdi hdl sQc thd, thgm chi ngd nghe, ddi hdi ngudi giao vien phai Qng xQ linh hogt, - Thuyel trinh hieu qui: trinh bay mot van de va Ihuyel phyc ngudi nghe nghe theo, chap nhan va lam theo quan diem suy nghT cua minh Kien IhQc cua ngUdi dgy du ratuyen tham nhung neu khong biet each Iruyen tai den ngUdi hpe thi qua trinh dgy hpe, lupng kien IhQe dd cht tUdng dUdng vdt sd - Dam phan cong: Dam phan vdi nhieu ddi lUpng khac de dgt dupe myc dich dd Ky nang 2: Ky nang thi'eh Qng (Adaptability skills) Khai mem: Ky nang Ihich Qng la k h i nang ehii ddng tim hilu, Ihieh nghi va hda nhgp vdi mdi tnidng mdi, tgo Igp cac 505-2013 D ^ y ^ ^ ^ mdi quan he va tfch cQo tham gia cac hogt ddng t$p the de khang djnh vai trd cCia ban than Vai trd cua ky ning Ihich Ong vdi sinh viin sU ph^m Neu giao tiep giup ngudi dgy bQdc dau tidp xiic vdi ddi IQdng ihi thich Qng chinh la budc tiep theo de ed the ty hda nhap Mai khac, mdi the he ngUdi hpe cd dgc diem tam sinh ly khac nhau, moi gid day cd nhQng yeu cau nhat dmh ve thdi gian va phal sinh nhieu tinh hudng yeu cau ngudi dgy phli Ihieh Qng nhanh de dUa bign phap giao dye dung dan, phu hpp Yeu cau cua ky nang thich Qng vdi sinh vien su phgm: - Thich Qng vdi dam ddng, sy Ihay doi cua mdi irudng, - Ludn ludn hpe hdi mgt each tich eye, tham gia cac khda hpe de dap Qng idl hon yeu c l u cija cdng viec va biet each £iy thac cdng viec mpl each hieu qua, - Biel chgn thdi diem va ddi lUdng Ihich hpp de tim hieu ve cdng viec, - Ty kiem soat cam xuc, thich nghi vdi hoan canh, biel lech minh khdi van de Ky nang 3: Ky nang lam vigc nhdm (teamwork skills) Khai niem: Ky nang lam vigc nhdm: la ky nang cdng lac vdi ngudi khac mgt nhdm lam viec va the hi^n dupc kha nang lanh dao cd Ihdi diem Ihich hgp Day la mgt ky nang quan trpng, la mdi phan tat yeu de danh gia qua trinh lam viee Vai trd cua ky ning iam viee nhdm doi vdi sinh viin sif pham: Mdi sinh vien su pham dang va se la mgt vien eua nhQng nhdm lam viec vdi quy mo khac nhau: tgp the Idp, l6 chuyen mon, nha Irudng Mdi Ihanh vien nhdm cd vai tro nhu mdt te bao cua mdt cd the sdng cd lien quan mgi Ihiel den nhau, quyel djnh den hieu q u i cdng vide Day la mgi nhQng ky nang quan trpng npi dung cCia chuong trinh giao dye doi mdi yeu cau ngudi dgy phli dao tgo cho ngudi hgc Yeu cau can dgt eua ky nang lam viec nhdm doi vdi sinh vien su phgm - Ren luyen khg nang lam vi6c vdi mpi ngudi d nhQng IQa tudi, gidi linh, Chung tdc va ton giao khac nhau, xac djnh dupe diem mgnh eua cac vien nhdm, - Cd kha nang iam viec ddc lap cung nhu hogt dpng nhi/ mpl Ihanh vien Irong nhdm, - Biel each tranh cac xung ddt khdng can thiet va ehil ddng hda giai cac xung ddt tap the - Thiet lap mdi quan he than thien, san sang hyp tac, chia se, giup dd Ian - Xay dung vai ird chinh, egnh tranh lanh mgnh vdi cac vien nhdm, - Biet each quin ly hpi hgp, khuyen khich sy sang tgo Ky nang 4: Ky nang lanh dgo (Leadership skills) Khai niem ky nang lanh dgo la k h i nang lanh dgo ban than va lanh dgo ngudi khac tren nhieu logi hogt ddng va nhiem vy khac Vai trd cua ky ning lanh dao ddi vdi sinh viin sUph^rrr Trong qua trinh dgy va hpe, sinh vien sU phgm phli phli lanh dgo tap the Idp, td chuyen mdn, nha trudng va cd t h i giCf nhQng cuong vj quan trgng cdng ddng Ky ndng se giup hp ty quan ly ban than va lanh dgo ngudi khac d l dUa nhQng djnh hudng dQng d i n cac hogt dpng giao dye Ydu ciu can d$l cOa ky ning linh d^o ddi vdi sinh viin supham: - Len ke hogch mdt each chi tidt cd tinh ddn ego tinh D w ^ H p c 30 5-2013 -r , -^gaif:vS;;g- ' ^ ^ ^ ^ * = '-fmi- m » 19 hudng phai sinh, • Gill quydt van de linh hogt, ling nghe, thau hieu va uy thac cdng vide higu qui Ky nang 5: Ky nang hgc tgp suot ddi; tim kiem va quIn ly thdng tin (Lifelong learning and information management skills) Khai ni$m: Hgc tgp sudl ddi: la no lye ty hgc mgt each ddc l$p va c6 k^ hogch sudt ddi QuIn ly thdng tin la ky nang lim kiem, phan tich, chgn Igc va sQ dyng thdng tin IQ nhieu ngudn khac Vai trd eua ky ning hgc tap sudt ddi vi quan If' thdng tin d6i vdi sinh vien sUph^m: Dgy hgc la mgt qua trinh mang linh ddng, ludn ludn phii cgp nhat kien IhQc mdi Trong bdi cInh cdng nghg Ihdng tin phat trien nhu vu bao, cac ngudn tu li^u phong phu, da dgng nhu hi§n ngy, khdng ngQng hgc hdi, lieh luy thdng tin va sCr dyng ed chgn Ipc vao hogt ddng giao dye la nhidm vy quan trpng vdi ngUdi dgy VSu cSu can dgt cCia ky nang hpe lap sudt ddi va quIn ly thdng tin ddi vdi sinh vien su phgm - Hinh va phal trien kha nang ty hgc eua b i n than, ludn ludn cd y thQc hgc hdi, - Khdng ngQng cgp nh^t khoa hgc ky Ihugt lien lien, eac ngudn lu ligu va ngoai nudc de hoan thign vdn tri IhQe cua minh Ky nang 6: Ky nang \\i phIn bi^n va g l l i quyet van d l (Creative thinking and Problem solving skills) Khii niem: La nang lu sang tgo, tim Igp lugn va phIn bao Igi ket q u i cCig mgt qua trinh tu nhlm xac dinh linh chinh xac cOa thdng tin, sQdyng tit c l ciic kien thQc mgt each hi$u q u i dd len kd hogch va gill quyet van de d$e bipt la nhQng tinh hudng trd nggi Vai trd cCia ky ning tU phin biin vi giii quySt vSn dS ddi vdi sinh vien sUph^m: Day la mdi nhQng ngi dung quan trgng chuong trinh giao dye ddi mdi ddi hdi ngudi dgy phli dap Qng M^l khac, nhQng tinh hudng can dUa quyet djnh quan Irgng ddi vdi hgc sinh, chUdng trinh, hogt ddng giao dye nha trudng va cdng ddng, k j nang se giup ngudi dgy quyet djnh va trinh bdy y kidn cua minh mpt each thuydt phyc Ydu c l u c i n dgt cua ky nang lU phIn bign va glli quyet vSn dd ddi vOi sinh vien su phgm: - xac djnh, phan logi, mo hinh hda, len quy trinh, sir dyng Ihgo cac cdng cy de gili quyet van de, - T h i hi$n tinh dpc Idp va chCi dgng, gili quyet eac van de theo nhdm, - Ap dyng cac chien lupc de gili quyet van de thdng qua nhidu finh vyc, Vd phia cac cd sd giao dye sQdyng sinh vien su phgm - Chu y kiem tra va bd sung kip thdi cac ky nang mem can thiet cho sinh vien lot nghigp dugc tuyen dyng, - Ket hgp vOi cac co sd dao igo sinh vien su phgm d l dgt dugc hieu q u i eao nhat, phdi hgp qua trinh thyc tap, kien l^p cua sinh vien su phgm - Trong qua trinh lam viec, tang cudng bdi dUdng cac ky nang mem cho giao vien Ihdng qua eac hinh thdc phu hgp va dau lu kinh phf cho cac khda hgc nay, - Tgo mdi ta/dng iam viec nang ddng, cgnh tranh, ddi hdi giao vien phli sQ dyng c l nang chuyen mon Ian ky nang mem vao cdng viee Ve phia gilng vien cac trudng dao lao sinh vien su phgm - Khong ngQng ly hoan Ihien cae ky nang mem can thiet d l phat trien b i n than, vQa hgc vQa dgy ky nang mem irong qua trinh hgc lap va gilng dgy - Trong qua trinh day hgc, gilng vien can chu y phat hign nhQng ky nang mem eon thieu eua sinh vien sU phgm de cd bien phap giao dye kjp thdi nhu Idng ghep vao cac bai gilng, td ohQc hogt dpng ngogi khoa - Phdi hpp vdi nha trudng, gia dinh, cdng ddng d l qua trinh dao tgo ky nang mem cho sinh vien sU phgm dgt hi^u q u i cao hon Ve phia sinh vien sU phgm - Hieu va xac djnh nhQng ky nang mem thiet ydu cOng nhu nhOng ky nang edn thieu IQ ngdi tren ghe nha trudng, iQ dd cd nhQng bidn phap dung din de hinh va phat tnen cac ky nang dd - Ludn cd y thQc c l u lien, ty giac hpe t^p ky nang mem d mpi lue, mpi ndi, hpe lap sudl ddi, chia sfe va hpe hdi ky nSng mdm vdi ngudi khac Ngan hang the gidi gpi the ky XXI la ky nguyen cQa kinh t l dya vao ky nang (skills based economy) Trong cudc sdng hidn dgi vdi moi Irudng iam viec cang nang ddng, nhidu sQc ep va linh cgnh Iranh, ben cgnh ky nang chuySn mon, ky nang mem la mgi Ihanh id khdng Ihe Ihieu, Ngudi dgy va ngudi hge thdi hign dgi khdng chf gin vdi blng den, phIn Irlng va cay bQl nhu trudc ma phli thgo ngogi ngQ, vi tinh, hda minh vao nen kinh te tri thUc loan cau Ngudi hge dugc liep ihu vdi nhieu ngudn thdng lin khac nhau, lh$m chi nhieu edn da dgng hdn ngudi dgy Dd la mdi igi the nhung cung la mgi Irong nhQng thach IhQc tdn vdi ngQdi dgy ThQc trgng ddi hdi sinh vien sU phgm phai khdng ngC/ng ren luyen nhQng ky nang mem can thiet d l dap Qng yeu cau cua nghe nghiep va xa hgi, xQng dang la bSc thay cua nhieu the hp hgc sinh./, III GlAt P H A P N A N G CAO CHAT L U O N G DAO TifliO KY N A N G M E M CHO SINH VIEN SU PHAM I V l phia Cd sd dao tgo sinh vign su phgm - Nim vQng nhQng kS' nang mem Ihiel y l u va vai trd cCia m5l kS^ nang ddi vdi sinh vi&n su phgm, - Nghign cQu va gp dyng cdc hinh thQc ddo tgo ky nang mdm hpp tj nhu: dio tgo Iheo Idp hgc, dao tgo ket hgp, dao tgo tryc luydn • Dua nhQng ySu cau va co hinh thQc danh g i l ky' nang mim bSn cgnh nhQng yeu c l u v l ehuydn mdn ddi vdi sinh vidn tdt nghiep, - Phdi hpp vdi cae co sd sif dgng sinh vidn su phgm d l dgt dupc hidu q u i dao tgo cao nhlt 1,Chfnh phu, Nghj quyet Dai hdi Ding toan quSc lin ihOXI, httpy /chinhphu.vn,capnhat 2013 03.21 Seant Hawil, Soft Skills for success by sean http7/ soflskil!s4u.bk>gspot, retneved 2013.03 21 3.Kjfy^ hoi thio quoc gia ve chat lUgng giio due vi giio due ky nSng son, Vien Chien \dgc va Phat tnin chUOng trinh giao dye, 2003 Dao Thj Oanh, NhUng ky ning sdng cin giio due d sinh vidn D^hgc SUpham Hi t^i, Tgp chi Khoa hgc Giao due, sd 65, thang nam 2011,Tr37-41 S.Trung Uy§n, NhiSusinh viin sUphfim thiSu ky nSng mem.hnp yhcm54h com.vn, cfipnhat 20 2013 Vl^atis soft skills, http://www soflskillsinstitution.convTaq htm retnevGd 2013.03.21 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO: ... tiep doi vdi sinh vien sU pham: Day la ky nang quan trpng dau lien edn phai cd ddi vdi sinh vien sU phgm Ddi tupng giao tiep cua sinh vien su phgm rat da dgng vdi dac diem lam, sinh ly rat khac... dgng" ve sy thieu hyl ky nang mem eua sinh vien sU phgm Thieu ky nang mem la Ihyc trang ehung cCia sinh vien hien nhUng sQ menh dao tao the hg tUOng lai nen ddi sinh vien su phgm, mQc dd quan trpng... sd giao dye sQdyng sinh vien su phgm - Chu y kiem tra va bd sung kip thdi cac ky nang mem can thiet cho sinh vien lot nghigp dugc tuyen dyng, - Ket hgp vOi cac co sd dao igo sinh vien su phgm