IIL m UONGDANQUANLV SO''''DUNG suf DUNG TRANH ANH TRONG DAY HOC UCH sur 6 TRUdNG PHO THONG Dge diem cua vifc hpe tgp lich sfl li ehu the nhin thfle hpc sinh (HS) khdng trfle tiep quan sat ddi tUdng nhgn[.]
IIL m UONGDANQUANLV.SO'DUNG suf DUNG TRANH ANH TRONG DAY HOC UCH sur TRUdNG PHO THONG Nguyen Iki^n Anh Tnidng DHSP-DH Hue Dge diem cua vifc hpe tgp lich sfl li ehu the nhin thfle hpc sinh (HS) khdng trfle tiep quan sat ddi tUdng nhgn thfle Ddng thdi, hpe tgp ljch sfl eung phii tuin thu CPU dUdng bifn chflng eua qui trinh nhgn thfle ma V.I Lenin da neu "tfl trfle quan sinh dpng den tfl trflu tfldng vi tfl tfl trflu tfldng den thfle tien"; Vi vgy phfldng phip trfle quan ed y nghla rat quan trpng nham tgp ehp HS nhflng bieu tfldng vi hinh thinh eie khii nifm tren cd sd quan sit cic hifn vgt hay dd dung trfle quan minh hpa ve sfl vit K.D.U-sinxki gpi "nguyen tie trfle quan li eich hpc khdng ehi dfla vio ldi ndi, ma cdn dfla vio nhflng hinh inh cu the mi HS tiep nhin dflgfc" Cd nhieu logi dd dung trfle quan khic nhau, dd ed tranh inh ljch sfl 'i nghia ctia vifc sii dyng tranh anh dgy hpc I}ch sii Nguyen tie trfle quan li mpt trpng nhflng nguyen tic Cd bin eua ly luin dgy hpe Dd dung trfle quan ndi chung vi tranh inh ndi rieng cd y nghla quan trpng dgy hpc ljch sfl Ve mat kien thfle, tranh anh li ehd dfla de hieu biet siu sic bin chat cua sfl kifn, hifn tflgfng ljch sfl, li phfldng tifn rat ed hifu lfle giflp HS hmh thinh eie khii nifm ljch sfl, rut dflgfc quy luit, bii hpe kinh nghifm thuan Igfi hdn Dung nhfl K.D.U-sinxki da viet: "Hinh inh dxigc gifl lgi dge bift vflng chic trpng tri nhd ehung ta li hinh inh mi ehiing ta thu lgi bing giac quan vi nhflng hinh inh nao dxigc khae sau vio tri nhd chung ta, thi cung dxigc ehung ta nhd ki, hieu siu nhflng tfl tfldng eua nd" Ve mgt tfl tfldng, tranh inh ljch sfl gdp phan iiinh thinh eho HS nhflng pham chat dgo dflc, Idng yeu nUde, yeu men linh ty, nhflng anh hung, chien si cich mgng, Idng quy trpng lao dpng vi nhin din lao dpng, sfl cam thu bpn xim Ifldc vi chien tranh, niem tin vio tfldng lai eua dat nflde Ve mat ki nang, tranh inh edn "phit trien nang quan sit, tri tfldng tfldng, tfl vi ngdn ngfl HS Nhin vao bat cfl tranh inh ljch sfl nio, HS eung thich nhgn xet, phin doin, hinh dung qui khfl ljch sfl dfldc phin inh, minh hpa nhfl the nio HS suy nghi vi tim cich dien dgt bing ldi ndi ehinh xie, ed hinh inh rd ring, cy the ve bfle tranh xa hpi di qua" Vdi tat ci y nghia giao dudng, giio dye vi phit trien nfy tren, tranh anh ljch sfl gdp phan rat ldn ning eao hifu qui dgy hpc ljch sfl, giy hflng thfl hpe tgp cho HS, tfl dd se phit huy tinh chu dpng, dpc lgp vi sang tgo, hfldng tdi vifc hogt dpng hda, tich cflc hda hogt dpng nhgn thfle cua ngfldi hpc Mpt so yeu cSu vi bifn phap sfl ph^m sfl dyng tranh Nhdn bdi ngdy 1/2/2012 TAP CHi THifr BI GIAO DUC- S6 78 - 2/2012 anh dgy hpc l|ch sfl a Yiu cdu chung Phii nim vflng npi dung, y nghla cua tflng bfle tranh sfl dyng Xie djnh dung thdi diem, dja dilm sfl dyng tflng logi tranh khic Hfldng dan HS khai thic ndi dung ljch sfl vi phit huy tinh tich cflc eua HS qua sfl dyng tranh anh Sfl dyng tranh inh ket hdp ehgt ehe vdi eie phfldng phip khic b Biin phdp sU dung Tranh anh ljch sfl la tai sin quy hiem, thfldng dfldc chyp luc sfl kifn dien (trfl trfldng hdp mpt sd sfl kifn quan trpng khdng cd dieu kifn chup ma phii dien lgi, nhflng van dim bio tinh chin that lich sfl) Trong dgy hpc lich sfl, giao vien (GV) nen sflu tam ddng thdi hfldng dan HS thu thgp vi sfl dyng nhflng tip inh lich sfl da dfldc xuat bin Cl mdi bii hpe, chi tgp trung chu yeu vao cic inh cd lien quan den sfl kifn, trinh vifc phan tin sfl chfl y ciia HS Sfl dyng anh khdng phai chl de minh hpa bai hpc, mi cdn phii hfldng dan HS quan sat de rut nhflng ket qua cd lien quan den npi dung sfl kifn De vifc khai thae tranh inh ed hifu qui nham muc tieu: HS tfl tim hieu npi dung cua tranh anh dfldi sfl hfldng dan, td chflc cua thay, chung tdi xin dfldc neu mpt sd gg>i y de khai thae tranh HlfdTNGDANOUANLV.SO'DUNG inh lieh sfl nhfl sau: Bflde 1: Cho HS quan sat tranh inh de xie dinh mpt cich khii quit npi dimg tranh inh can khai thie Bflde 2: GV neu ciu hdi neu van de (cau hdi nhin thfle) va td ehfle hfldng dan HS tim hieu npi dung tranh inh Bflde 3: HS trinh biy ket qui tim hieu npi dung tranh inh sau da quan sit, ket hdp gdi y cua GV vi tim hieu npi dung bii hpe Bflde 4: GV nhin xet, bd sung HS tri ldi, hoan thifn npi dung khai thie tranh anh cung cap eho HS Thdng qua bflde nhfl d i neu d tren, chic chan HS se nim dxigc cich khai thie tranh inh vi quan trpng hdn li tfl nam dfldc ndi dung tranh inh bii hpc Tfl dd se phat huy tinh chu ddng, dde lip v i sing tgo, hudng tdi vifc hoat ddng hda, tich cflc hda hoat ddng nhan thfle cua ngfldi hpc Vi du: Sfl dung bfle anh "TrflOng Dinh nhin phong soil" giing muc III- Cude khing ehien cua nhin din Nam Ki sau hifp fldc nam 1862, phan Nhin din ba tmh mien Ddng tiep tuc khing chien, bii 19- Nhin din Vift Nam khing ehien ehdng Phip xim lfl(?c (Tfl 1858 den trfldc nam 1873), sich lich sfl ldp 11, chfldng trmh ehuan Trfldc het, GV hfldng din HS quan sit bfle inh v i dgt ciu hdi neu van de: Cae em hay neu len nhflng hieu biet cung nhfl nhin xet eua mmh ve bfle tranh? (thinh phan, sd Ifldng tham gia, the eua nhan din, tfl dd ndi len y nghia cua cude khing ehien ) Sau HS suy nghi, tra ldi thi GV md ta, phan tieh bd sung: Npi dung bfle tranh: Bfle tranh mieu ta cinh Trfldng Djnh nhgn phong soil cua quan chung nhin dan Ong dUpc nhin dan mien Ddng suy tdn li "Binh Tiy dgi nguyen soai" Thanh phan tham dfl: Bd lao, nien trai trang, quan lgi ddng dio, chflng td sfl ung hp rat ldn cua nhin dan, sfl tin tfldng tin nhifm Trfldng Djnh, tinh than yeu nfldc chdng gigc cua quan chung Nam Bp, kha nang lanh dgo, huy dpng tgp hdp quan ehung eua Trfldng Djnh Hanh dpng dfla hai bin tay de nhgn kiem tfl mpt ngfldi ldn tudi chflng td quyet djnh cua dng (TrUdng Djnh), vi dng d i tfl chdi ehfle "linh binh" eua trieu dinh m i d lgi eung nhin din ehdng giie, hinh dpng niy the hifn Idng yeu nflde, cam thu giic cua dng Ddng thdi the hifn bit dau tfl diy vdi sfl kifn nhin phong soil eua Trfldng Djnh, d Nam Bp da hinh thinh nen mdt trin tuyen mdi ket hdp hai nhifm vu vfla chdng Phip vfla chdng phong kien Diem ehfl y d diy li: Trong qui trinh tri ldi, neu y nio HS chfla neu dUdc thi GV phii gdi y thdng qua vifc sfl dyng eie ciu hdi ggfi md de lim sing td ndi dung vi y nghia cua kenh hinh Ket lugn Sfl dyng tranh inh dgy hpc ljch sfl li mdt nhflng bifn phip hflu hifu nham tich cflc hoi hoat ddng cua ngUdi hpe vi li yeu td thuin ldi de td ehfle hogt ddng dgy hpc theo hfldng phit huy tinh tieh cflc hpc tap cua HS Vifc sfl II dyng tranh inh cung phai tuin theo nhflng yeu cau sU phgm gan vdi dgc trflng bp mdn vi phUdng phap day hpc ljch sfl Ngoii nd cdn ddi hdi sfl chju khd, Idng yeu nghe, tam huyet cua ngfldi GV ljch sfl De sfl dyng tranh anh cd hifu qui ddi hdi GV, ngoii nhflng tranh anh san cd Bp an hanh, phii ludn tfl nghien cflu chfldng trinh, sich giio khoa, cic tai lifu kliac cpng vdi sfl hd trd cua phfldng tifn ki thuit hifn dgi de tao nhflng tranh inh ldi cudn, hap dan vdi HS Cd nhu vgy mdi gdp phan thfle hifn ddi mdi phfldng phap dgy hpe vi thfle hifn tdt cic mye tieu dgy hpe Tai lifu tham khao Phan Ngpc Lien (chu bifn) PhUdng Phip dgy hpe Ljch Sfl, tip 1, NXB Dgi hpc Sfl phgm H i Npi, 2007 Phan Ngpc Lien, Pham Ki Ti, Dd dung trfle quan dgy hpe lieh sfl d trfldng phd thdng cap hai, NXB Giio dye H i Ndi, 1976 Phan Ngpc Lien, Trjnh Dinh Tung, Nguyen Thj Cdi, Phfldng phip dgy hpc lich sfl, tap 2, NXB Dgi hpe sfl phgm Ha Ndi, 2002 Summary The content of the article is about the meaning, requerements and measures in the usage of pictures to teach history at secondary school With the measures mentioned in the article, if the teachers use reasonably, they will have many great effects that helps students study more actively in history learning procedure TAP CHi THIET BI GIAO DUC - SO 78 - 2/2012 • 35 ... quan sat tranh inh de xie dinh mpt cich khii quit npi dimg tranh inh can khai thie Bflde 2: GV neu ciu hdi neu van de (cau hdi nhin thfle) va td ehfle hfldng dan HS tim hieu npi dung tranh inh... bfle tranh? (thinh phan, sd Ifldng tham gia, the eua nhan din, tfl dd ndi len y nghia cua cude khing ehien ) Sau HS suy nghi, tra ldi thi GV md ta, phan tieh bd sung: Npi dung bfle tranh: Bfle tranh. .. bflde nhfl d i neu d tren, chic chan HS se nim dxigc cich khai thie tranh inh vi quan trpng hdn li tfl nam dfldc ndi dung tranh inh bii hpc Tfl dd se phat huy tinh chu ddng, dde lip v i sing