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NGHIÊN CỨU ỨNG DỤNG II USING WOODEN TOYS FOR VISUAL TOOLS IN PHYSICAL TEACHING IN HIGH SCHOOL Hà Thái Thủy Lẽ * ABSTRACT Physics is an experimental science, applying the physical knowledge; students can explain the natural phenomena or many applications in life and solve practical problems Through this helps form and develop qualities and competencies for learners including the ability to communicate, collaborate in group work and other professional competencies The article shares the creative use of wooden toys as a visual instrument to teach Physics to develop quality competencies as well as the ability to think, calculate and especially the ability to apply knowledge into reality for students Keywords: Visual tool/visual instrument, teach Physics, wooden toys Received: 03/3/2022; Accepted: 12/3/2022; Published: 17/03/2022 Introduction The goal of general education is to help students develop physically and mentally, to become active, confident learners, with hight qualities as well as general and professional competencies to become a responsible, Cultured and hard-working and creative worker Physics is an experimental science with many applications as well as explaining several phenomena in real life Therefore, teaching using a combination of visual tools in a rational way will create motivation for students to learn, help them love and knowledge learned to solve problems better Research content 2.1 Visual instruments in teaching Physics According to the new general education program, the subjects in general will form for the students the qualities of patriotism and love for people hard work while physics - an experimental science subject in particular that helps shape success and promotion in students with unique qualities and competencies Visual tools, if used properly, will attract students to participate actively, creatively and uphold the role of most senses and vice versa, will give rise to students lose focus on the main content Teachers need to understand the role and function of each visual device and use a flexible combination of different teaching methods so that the use of the device is as high as possible In addition, the visual tools available in the lab, images and videos / clips can be downloaded from online resources In some objective and subjective * PHòng Thiết bị Xây dựng bản, Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp cases, the school does not have or the device is broken, sometime wants students to apply the theory and experience with the theoretical topics learned teachers can take advantage or formulate and instruct students to produce some product tools to support teaching to achieve better results These include selfcreated laboratory aids and stem project products or some other devices 2.2 Several requirements when using visual aids in teaching 2.2.1 General requirements when using visual tools Need to determine the purpose of use, what equipment, sequence of use and manipulation and ask students to observe or measure several specific Effective use must be clear or correct phenomenon and clear results All need to ensure the requirements of science, pedagogy, aesthetics and safety for users Choose carefully and classify before use; Not too many colors cause distraction on the essentials related to the learning content 2.2.2 Requirements for each specific visual instrument group Intuitive instrument Picture Required when using visual instrument Ensure pedagogical nature, simplicity, clarity and right with necessary content; The drawing needs to be in the right shape technique such as drawing in a right angle or perspective; Pedagogicalfactors are concerned before art elements; The contents of selected drawings and pictures must state the necessary principles or physical contents or another TẠP CHÍ THIẾT BỊ GIÁO DỤC - sổ 261 KỲ - 3/2022 II NGHIÊN CỨU ỨNG DỤNG groups about the group’s products In addition, it is showing the ability to criticize and answer questions Model / of teachers and classmates While developing specimen computer literacy through the use of software by students, the ability to search and select the necessary, valuable, and meaningful information necessary for Clearly, directly related, support for the assigned task to support the report It can be said learning content; that computing skills will also be improved during Video/Clip If it is a collection video I clip, it needs to be learning and completing tasks The teams will show edited or trimmed and muted, only use the by calculating how the task finished product takes necessary clips, not too long less materials or time to construct and edit Applying Equipment and tools should ensure theoretical formulas learned in real life or solving safety during the process of conducting practical exercises, practical exercises Aesthetic experiments, giving clear phenomena and elements are also indispensable for the visual results: Important details are sufficient for the whole instruments that are provided or through searching, Laboratory class to observe (color, size and arrangement collecting and DIY(ifo it yourself) (experimental instruments when conducting the experiment); equipment, project products or other objects in If conducted in groups, need to prepare addition to pedagogy, right principles and physical enough numbers for the group, check meaning should be polished to ensure aesthetics) _ carefully before giving to students and In addition to the competencies that are formed, before students manipulate the process of using teachers’ visual aids also helps 2.3 Several competencies and qualities form for students to form useful qualities Can be honest students when using visual equipment In teaching with the work results or accountable for the tasks assigned During work and study, especially in group physics Several competencies and qualities form for activities, students learn how to comprehend along students when using visual equipment in teaching and collaborate well with other members and know physics include both general and professional how to share or help each other when needed 2.4 Using wooden toys as visual aids in teaching competencies Through these activities, teachers can identify and foster students with outstanding physics Although designed as a set of toys, the professional competence (join teams of students with talented physics or practice experiments or solve manipulation process requires coordination from computational skills to manipulation, perseverance physics problems on computers) The first is talking about a group of common and to explain the results of an activity that requires competencies including self-study, interpersonal the use of a variety of physical knowledge With that skills and creativity or all expressed through specific in mind, the toy set could be leveraged and viewed as tasks Both self-study to explore images and use a visual tool to teach some common physical content of tools/applications of relevant learning content will stimulate excitement and create effective Communicate and cooperate well when working in learning motivation for students groups, presenting personal opinions and suggestions to members about the common products / tasks of the group Receive and complete the assigned task Creative problem solving (same task, a requirement for applied product design but teams may have different ideas about dimensions, materials and additional functions for the product) Additionally, agroupofprofessionalcompetencies in terms of language, information technology, computing and aesthetics Develop expressive Picture 2.1 Mickey set toy language skills through students preparing, creating Firstly, for junior high school physics program ideas, writing reports and presenting reports to class Enough size for the whole class to observe: The details and main parts of the model / model must be clear, showing the correct principles of the actual operation of the real object • TẠP CHÍ THIẾT BỊ GIÁO DỤC - số 261 KỲ - 3/2022 NGHIÊN CỨU ỨNG DỤNG the kit (picture 2.1) can be used in the main teaching content in mechanics and optics The optics section can include several subjects such as identify an object when light passes from the object to the eye or check the direct transmission of light Illustrate the eclipse and the lunar eclipse of the area that observes the whole or partial phenomenon In addition, the mechanical part can be used to assign advanced laboratory exercises to students to propose a solution to determine the volume/density/specific gravity of a water absorbent solid of any shape Furthermore, when using this visual tools, the balance mouse set for high school students is mainly in the mechanical part Some of the content may include equilibrium forms of solid objects or exercises on synthesis and force analysis Additionally, it can be used to observe and comment on the effect of rotation of force on the rotation of solid objects with fixed rotating axis Calculating ability and perseverance will also be formed in students using these two sets of toys with the required arrangement to brow a balance system Particularly for the solar system toy (picture 2.2), it can be applied in teaching in the optical content about the orbits of stars in the solar system It can be used in teaching a Picture 2.2 Solar system toy mechanical section to illustrate the size and shape of the stars A special feature is that through the student’s toys there is more information about the stars in both Vietnamese and English Finally, animal/ cartoon characters (picture 2.3) can be used as samples in odometer For example, it is used in the study of light of Optics, determining the mass of objects in junior high school physics program High school students Picture 2.3 Animal/ can see it as a model for cartoon characters practicing or doing the exercises to determine the c of the thin flat object of any shape By hanging the sample with a thin II parachute thread, when balancing draws a gravity line, doing it twice in two different positions of the sample The intersection of the two gravitational lines then represents the center of the plane Thus, depending on specific conditions, each teacher can apply creativity and flexibility to the highest possible teaching effect In addition, students also have many opportunities to develop common competencies and other specialized competencies Depending on the type of students, the time allowed, teachers can design and use toys as a visual tool in teaching The article shares some suggestions on designing learning activities for middle school and high school students With this activity, the teacher can serve a homework for the groups, asking each group to have a detailed report of the results for the next week’s class The requirements of the report include: plan of use, tools to be prepared or steps to take and measurement results Conclution There are many types of visual aids used in teaching, depending on the specific conditions that teachers have the orientation and reasonable use methods Additionally, the available equipment can be take advantage of a number of other items to stimulate the learning spirit for students, creating a more exciting learning atmosphere These activities will help students enhance the ability to communicate through group activities, practice skills and professional skills necessary for students References [1], Bernd Meier, Nguyễn Văn Cường, Lý luận dạy học đại, NXB Đại học sư phạm, 2014 [2], http://rgep.moet.gov.vn/tin-tuc/chuong-trinhgiao-duc-pho-thong-moi-phat-trien-pham-chat-vanang-luc-cua-nguoi-hoc-4687.html [3 ] https ://taogiaoduc.vn/cach-chuc-hoat-dongnhom-linh-hoat-trong-lop-hoc/ [4].https://www.ted.com/talks/jon_bergmann _ just_how_small_is_an_atom?utm_ campaign=tedspread&utm_medium=referral&utm_ source=tedcomshare [5], http://tapchitaichinh.vn/videos/video-co-chehoat-dong-cua-dap-thuy-dien-ra-sao- 142287.html [6] https://bigschool.vn/chuong-trinh-giao-ducpho-thong-moi-5-pham-chat-va-10-nang-luc-cuahoc-sinh TẠP CHÍ THIẾT BỊ GIÁO DỤC - số 261 KỲ - 3/2022.3 ... professional skills necessary for students References [1], Bernd Meier, Nguyễn Văn Cường, Lý luận dạy học đại, NXB Đại học sư phạm, 2014 [2], http://rgep.moet.gov.vn/tin-tuc/chuong-trinhgiao-duc-pho-thong-moi-phat-trien-pham-chat-vanang-luc-cua-nguoi-hoc-4687.html... actual operation of the real object • TẠP CHÍ THIẾT BỊ GIÁO DỤC - số 261 KỲ - 3/2022 NGHIÊN CỨU ỨNG DỤNG the kit (picture 2.1) can be used in the main teaching content in mechanics and optics The...II NGHIÊN CỨU ỨNG DỤNG groups about the group’s products In addition, it is showing the ability to criticize and answer

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