TiCH HOP Kl NANG Sff DUNG BAN DO TRONG DAY HOC DjA l l dTRirdNG PHO THONG TS D O VU S O N * Abstract; During education reform, strengthening skills for students is one of the basic requirements, the c[.]
TiCH HOP Kl NANG Sff DUNG BAN DO TRONG DAY HOC DjA l l dTRirdNG PHO THONG TS D O V U S O N * Abstract; During education reform, strengthening skills for students is one of the basic requirements, the core to train citizens to be comprehensive, compatible with modem living environment One of the required skills is using maps The solution to increase the skills of using maps is integrated in the process of teaching Geography in common, and it is highly effecUve and does not affect programs and the teaching time The article focuses on the using skills such as map reading, map analyzing, cartography, map comparing, map using in the field Keywords: Integrated teaching and skills using a map geography T rong quatrinh doi mdi giao due phothong, viec tang eudng kTnang (KN) cho hpc sinh (HS) la yeu cau can ban, ed't loi de dao tao dupc cong dan toan dien, thtch hpp vdi moi tnrcflig song hien dai Mpt cae KN can co dd la KN si/dung ban (BD) Tuy nhlen, chuong trinh day hpc thong hien nay, ehua cd nhdng hudng d i n CLI the va bai ban cho HS ve phuong phap sudung BD hpc tap va eupc song hang ngay.Giai phap giaiquyet van de cho HSIatich hpp quatrinh day hpc mon £?/a//dtrudng phothong, vfla dathieuquacao, vua khong lam anh hudng den chuong trinh va thdi gian day hpcmdn hoe BD dja li va KN su dung BD dja li 1.1 Khainiem "BB hgc" va "BD dia li" BD hgcta ddi rat sdm, gan lien vdisudo dac be matTrai dat va cae phat kien dja li Tren eo sd phan tieh ddi tupng, nhiem vu.ehuc n i n g , cau tnic vacae die trung cua BD hpc; phan tich quatrinh phattrien nhdng giai doan Ijch sdkhae da khing djnh BD hpc la mpt nganh khoa hpe, co dd'i tupng nghien euu ro rang va nhiem vy eu the; cd phuong phap luan va phuong phap nghien cdu dac thu dung chu yeu lien quan den cac md'iquan he khong p/an"(2;fr40) 1.2 KN sir dung BB dfa li KN la n i n g lue (hay kha ning) eua chu the thi/e hien thuan thuc mpt hay mpt chudi hanh dpng tren co sd hieu biet (ki§'n thde hoac kinh nghiem) nhim taoraketquamong dpi Mpt soKN eo ban sudyng BD dja li: 1.2.1 KNdgc BD:Day la quatrinh giai ma ki hieu vatao khai niem ve khong gian, quy luatphan bo, tinh chat va dac diem cua hien tupng, ddi tuong Xet theo die diem tam sinh li chung, qua trinh dpe BD di tu nhin bao quat chung den mde dp dpe sau dan rdi tao hinh anh rd retcua ddi tupng frr Quatrinh cdthe xettheo bude sau day: - Budc Nhin bao quitBD:h]nh anh tmdc tien phan anh, Idi cudn suchu y cua ngudi doc la nhflng mang mau Idn, eac dang chung cua ki hieu dupe the hien can canh, ddchinh la cacyeu tdnpidung chinh -Budc Dgc, nhan bieichlMtva ndidung kih^u; theo ddi suphan bdcua cac ki hieu diem, tuyen tinh, dien tich cua eac ki hieu dd Trinh tudpe edttienhu sau:-i- Phan biety nghTa cua eac ki hieu diem, ki hieu ttjyen tinh, kihieu dien tich (diem dan cu,sdng, rdng ); Nam 1995, taiDai hpi lan thdX, HgiBD Uie gidi +Doett>ng kihieu, nhan bidt sau hon venpidung qua dua djnh nghTa ve BD hoc: "BB hgc la nganh cau tmc, kich thude, mau sic cua ki hieu; + Theo khoa hgc giai quyet nhimg vin deli luin, san xua't, doi suphan bdcua hien tupng tren toan lanh ttid'va phobien va nghien ciki veBD"{\; fr 12) Cung vdi nhan biet vj tri tuong quan cua cac ddi tucffig, hien dd, BD dia //dupc HgiBD thegidi6\n\\ nghTa nhu tupng Nhan biet cac dang dja hinh lanh tho (neu BD sau: "SB li hinh anh thuc te'cua dia li, dugcklhieu CO phan anh dja hinh); + Lien tt/dng den thuc te, ddng hoi phan anh cac yeu to hoac cac dac diem dia li nhat hinh anh tren BD vol hinh anh thuc te mgtcach co chgn igc, ketqua tdsunSluc, sing tao Ida chgn cua tic giaSD vi dugc thietkedesu * TmVng Dai hoc Sir pham - Dat hgc Thai Nguyen (kil-11/2015)- Tap chi Gido due so 369 45 - Budc Hieu, bietBD sauhffn Trong qua trinh nay, ngudi dpe BD da nhdva ttr dupe eae npi dung tren BD, lien ket nhung hinh anh vdi eac khai niem dja lida hpc Ngucri doc da nhdkihieu.vjtrihien tiJpng va tim nhanh tren BD; dong ttidi, lien tudng dupe hinh anh dd tren thue te Ca bude fren d i y tiiuc chat la qua trinh lien tye, suphan chia chi mang y nghTa phuong phap Mudn doc dupe BD, ngudi sd dyng phai hoc Uiugc bang c/7dp/a/(nhu bang chflcii) Viec dpe BDcd phuong phap la rat quan trpng, giiip cho ngudi dpe dat dupc hieu qua Idn nha't sudung BD 1.2.2 KNdo BB la sddung cac phuong phap va cong cu de xac dinh dupc gia ttj djnh lupng cua eae doi tupng tren BD, dd la: - Xac djnh vj tri cua ddi tupng so vdi lucri toa dd BB va so vdi cae ddi tupng khac (ludi tpa dp vuong hoic ludi tpa dp dja li); - Xae djnh kieh ttiudc cua ddi tupng (chieu dai sdng, chieu dai dudng, dien tich hd, dien tieh qudc gia, khdi lupng nudc hd ); - Xae djnh gdc tao bw dudng, mat (goc giua dudng giao gdc nghieng cua dja hinh ); - Xac djnh mat dp cua ddi tt/png (mat dp mang ludi song, mat dp dan cu ); - Xac djnh cac gia trj frung binh (chieu dai tmng binh song, dp cao tmng binh dia hinh ); - Xac djnh dp Idn cua thang bae (khoang cao^deu cua dia hinh, sdgia nhiet dp gida cac dudng dang nhiet ) Xdc dinh muc tieu LUa chon t^i lieu phan tich - ^ Phuong phap phan tich DocBD > Giai thich ket qua V dng dung ket qua phan tich Ket qua phdn tich - ^ Do chinh xac phan tich Hinh Qud trmh nghien ciiu Idnh tho bangBD dang bd bien Braxin vdi bd chau Phi (phia Dai Tay Duong) tren BD ti le nhd, Alfred Vegener da phat h i ^ suti/ong ddng den ki lavehinh dang giua ehung, va ddchinh la mpt tien dede hinh tiianh "ttiuyet troi dat luc dja" Hoac tt/BD, ngudi ta da kham phara tinh piian ddi cua cac Idp phu ttii/c vat, phit hien cae ddi hau Ngay nay, vdi nhu cau nghien cuu, quan 11 va khai tiiae cac tiem nang s i n cd ttii vai tro cua BD cang dupc nang len, coitiong Phan tich va ung dyng BD da froth anh mptbien phap huu hieu cuaquatrinh nghien cuu dja li Qng dyng BD cae khoa hpe vettaidat 1.2.3 Nghien cdu lanh thd bing BD: BD la mo chinh lanhu eau eua suphatttien khoa hpe cdng nghe hinh dia li quan nha't, BD khdng nhdng co kha vaxa hpihien dai Phan tich BD trd ttianh cosdcua su ning bieu dien dupc nhdng hien fr/png, ddi tupng eu ung dyng BDttx)ngviec nghien cuu lanh ttid.Trong dd, ttie, macdn cdkha nang bieu diln nhihig hien tupng viec phan tich vasudung BD nghien cflu lanh tiio mang tinh triiru tupng Tren BD ehda dung eae thdng can dupc ttiuc hien tiieo dung trinh tunhu hinh ttn mang die tmng djnh ttnh va djnh lupng, nhdng 1.2.4 KN si/dung BD ngoai thuc dia: • Dat BD mdi lien he khong gian cua hien tupng, ttiim chi cdn phu hpp vdi thuc dja (hudng B i c BD tn/ng vdi hudng bieu dat ea dpng thai phat trien cua hien tupng, Ngay Bie ngoai tiiUc dia); - Xae djnh vi tri diem quan sat nay, BD dupe sudung rpng rai nhleu finh vyc, thuc dja tren BD; - So sanh cac ddi tucffig tten tiii/c nhu:quyhoach, khaittiac lanh thd.quaniihanh chinh, dja va tren BD Dieu ch inh, bosung cae ddi h/png len quan litainguyen (ning, mpng dat, eac tiulupng mo ), BD Ghi chep tren B D ; - S d d u n g BD dexac djnh giang day, tuyen tmyen, quan su, nghien euu eae khoa tuyen thue dja hpe vetrai di't, dudoan, dubao cac hien fr/png 1.2.5 KN sudung BD hgc tap: • Sd dijng Tuy nhien, trinh dpsudung eua ngucSdunged han, nen ttiudng chi ddng lai d mflc dp khai ttiac eac thong tin mang tinh be noi, hay a m(Jc dp don gian, nhu: nhan biet cac noi dung tren BD, xae djnh khoang cach.dpddc, vach eac hanh trinh, tim tpa dp, djnh hudng ngoai tiiuc dia Trong do, qua phan tich BD, dua vao BD, ngudi ta co the kham pha cae quy luat mang tinh toan cau, nhu: xem xet hinh 46 Tap chi Gido due so 369 BD quatrinh hoc tap tai ldp (hinh tiianh KN doc BD dja hinh, each dien vao BD trdng ten cac day nui, song, kihieu khoang san ); - Sudyng BD qua trinh tt/hpc tai nha (hinh ttianh KN dpe va hieu ve BD.vevatfiCTi ten chinh xacdtahinh,phanbdkhoang san, dan cu tren BD); - Sddung BD kiem tra danh gia (doe, hieu va biet phan tich nhflng yeu td dupe ttie hien tren BD ) •(kil-11/2015) 1.3 Mot so vidu ap dung tich hop KN su dung BB Can cu-vao noi dung bai hpc £?/a //'vayeu cau day hoc tn/dng thong, co cac hinh thiic tich hop nhusau: - Tici) tiap toan phan GV cothe ap dung i