• » 9 CHETAO VASITDUNGTHI NGHIEM TITTAO TRONG DAY HOC VAT IJOfTRIriniGPHtiTHONG ThS N G U Y I N H O A N G ANH Vdt li (VL) la mon khoa hpe thi/c nghiem, vi vdy, de ndng cao chat lupng day hpc VL d tn/d[.]
•» CHETAO VASITDUNGTHI NGHIEM TITTAO TRONG DAY HOC VAT IJOfTRIriniGPHtiTHONG ThS N G U Y I N H O A N G V dt li (VL) la mon khoa hpe thi/c nghiem, vi vdy, de ndng cao chat lupng day hpc VL d tn/dng phd'thong tmdc hit phai tang cuting vide sudung cac thi nghiem (TN) qua trinh day hpc TN ed mpt vai trd rd't quan trpng bdi vi cac kiln thiic VL dlu 6uac xdy dung va kie'm chiing bdng thuc nghiem Thdi gian viia qua, nganh giao due da tdng eudng trang bj thilt bj thi nghiem (TBTN) eho cac tmdng phd'ttiong theo quy djnh eila Bp GD-OT Tuy nhien, thuc t l cho thd'y, TBTN d trudng phd' thdng hien nhin chung chat lupng vdn ehua eao, phdng hpc danh cho thuc hanh TN edn thie'u, giao vien (GV) ehua tid'n hanh thue hign TN nhilu day hpc, eac TBTN sau mpt thdi gian sd dung da bj xudng d p din din kit qua cua phep sai so Idn, cac TBTN nhu: cac 6' d m eua (idng ho quang didn, may phat dm tan, dong ho hign so, cac blln t h i nguon chi sau vai lln sii dung dlu bj hdng va gap khd khan viec tim mua linh kign de thay the, sua chua Oe khde phue nhi/ng khd khan tren, chiing tdi nghien ciiu thid't k l , e h l tgo va su dung thi nghiem tu tao (TNTT) khao sat sdng diing tren ddy (Vat li 12) Lfu diem cua bp TN la dung cu dan gian, d l tim va gia re; nhupe die'm Id khd.ng thay dd'i dupe tan so qua trinh thue hign TN Che' tao bp TNTT khao sat song dung tren day 1) Dung cu TN gom: milng g6(14emx 33cm); bang tapo (13cm x 18em); toa dien hi (bp mng); cudn biln the (0-i2V);bp rdng rpc nhua; thude day (Jo dai (0-100cm); cdng tdc dilu chinh dien dp; day ddn (fign dai met, phich d m ; eudn ddy ttiung, nutcaosu;1 nhdm dai 77cm; nhdm ring dudng kinh Hinh i Lip rap cac 0,7cm va dai 5cm; dungc(/ TN 56 Tap chi Gido due so 302 ANH sdt ehii L va cac dc, vit; eai hop mica hoac thiie (16cm x19cm) 2) Cich ^ rip TN nhu sau (xem hinh 1): - Loa didn tii ed gdn mit eao su va nhdm rdng (bg mng), cudn bie'n the dupc bd' tri ddt tren bang tapo bdng vit ham, sau do, dem toan bp dung eu ddt len mjeng gd va co djnh bdng vit ham; - Lay mdt sd\ ddy ddn dien dai mpt met Mdt dlu ddy din nd'i vdi mot dau cdng tdc (dung de dilu chinh dien dp cho loa didn tii), dlu cdn lai cua cdng tac nd'i vdi cupn bie'n the', mdt dlu cua ddy ddn nd'i tn/e tilp vdi dau cdn lgi cua cudn biln the' Sau do, Id'y mpt s(ji day ddn dai khoang 10cm, nd'i hai dlu eua ddy ddn vdi dien dp eila cupn biln t h i (tuy vdo dien dp eila loa dien tii ma chpn dign dp cua cudn biln the eho thich hcfp, dd'i vdi bp TN ta chpn didn dp 0-9V), noi vdi loa dien tii; - Lay nhdm ddi 77cm cd gdn bd rdng rpc nhua, trupt (Jdt len milng g l va dupc co (Jjnh bang hai sat chi? L va vit ham; - Thanh sdt chif L cdn lai dupe bo tri phia dudi bp rung de co djnh mdt dlu eua spi ddy; - Lay mpt spi ddy cd chilu dai I = 110cm Olu dudi eua spi ddy cdt vao mdt dlu eua L dupe bo tri phia dudi bd mng tren milng g l , spi ddy dupc luon qua dlu mng eiia bp loa dien tii, trupt va bp hal rdng rpc Oau tren cila ddy de tu do, d n khao sat se treo gia trpng vao Oe tdng cudng tinh tham mT eho bd TN, ta thilt ke mpt cai hop bdng mica hode thilc d l chiira cdc dung eu TN Su dung bp TNTT khao sat song dirng tren day 1) Muc tiiu TN: Quan sat su tao sdng dimg va suepng hudmg sdng diing tren spi ddy; tim dilu kien cpng hudng eua sdng diing tren ddy; xac djnh bude sdng, van toe ttuyin sdng; nghien ciiu moi quan he giiia van toe tmyen sdng v va luc cang F 2) Ca sdu thuyet: - Binh nghia sdng ddng: Sdng tdi va sdng phan xa, nlu tmyIn ttieo cimg mot phuang thi cd ttii giao thoa vdi nhau, tao mdt he sdng 'TnfOng Sai hoc Bong Thap (ki2-1/2013) dumg: + Nhiing die'm ludn ludn diimg yen Id nhiing dilm nut, + Nhiing diem ludn ludn dao dpng vdi bien dp cue dai la nhung die'm bung Sdng btjyln tren sa ddy tmdng hpp xult liien cac mit va bung xen ke, cdeh dlu gpi Id sdng ddng - Dieu kien deed sdng ddng: Odi vdi ddy cd dlu CO djnh hay mdt dlu cd'djnh, mpt dlu dao dpng vdi bidn dp nhd thi dieu kidn de cd sdng diimg la hai dlu ddy phai la hai nut Khoang each gii/a hal nut lien tilp Id T" Vdy, dp ddi cila ddy bdng mpt nua budc sdng: / = * - , vdi k la so bung sdng quan sat dupc Odi vdi day cd mpt dlu co djnh, mpt dau tu Ihi dau tudo se la mpt bung sdng, khoang each giira Hinh 2a) Song diing trSn diy Hinh 2b) Song dOng Hn d i)ngvdik^2 ilngvdlk=4 mpt niit vd mdt bung liln k l Id ^ Do dd, mudn cd djeh ehuyen eon tru(?t eho khoang each I tii dau ehi/ L phia dudi bd mng cua loa didn tii de'n tru(?t la 40em, sau dd ed djnh tmpt Cung mdt phan tu budc sdng: ; = (2* + i ) | , vdi k la so bung cd'p nguon 220V eho bd TN, van niim dien dp theo chilu kim dong ho va dilu chinh dien dp eho sdng quan sat dupe spi ddy ed dp rung viia du quan sat Lan lupt treo 3) Khao sit song dung trin diy a) Td'c truyin sdng phu thude chieu dii cda them eac gia trpng 10g, 20g vao dau tren cua scri sai diy: chung ta thuc hien TN sau: treo mpt vdt ddy de thay dd'i lire edng eua spi ddy Sau dd quan cd khdi lupng m = 50g (tuang ting vdi dp Idn cua sat so bung sdng k tuang ung vdi lue edng F, ta thu li/e F = 0,5N) vao dau tren eua spi ddy, ndi vit ham dupc bang so lieu sau (xem bang 2): va djch chuyen eon truest de'n vj tri each dlu mng Bang Toe dp truyen song phu thuoc luc cang cua loa didn tiir mdt khoang I = 70em Cung d p cda sai day ngudn 220V eho bd TN, vdn num dien dp theo chilu k x-^1 v=U kim dong ho, dilu chinh dign dp eho spi ddy F(N) l(Hz) l(m) (bgng (mrs) k sdng) ed dO mng viia du quan sat Djeh ehuyen tmpt (m) 0,4 0,5 0,267 13,35 xud'ng dudi de dilu ehinh khoang each I cho tdi 50 0,4 0,9 20 xay hidn tupng sdng diing ting vdi cac bung sdng (k = 1,2,3 ) ed bien dp Idn nha't, d'n djnh tren spi day Dung thude khoang each I tiir dlu Thilt k l , ehl tgo va sd dung TNTT day chii L phia dudi bd rung cua toa dign tii tdl tmpt, hpe VL la mot hogt dpng mang tinh sang tgo va ed y chiing tdi thu dupe bang so lieu sau (bang 1): nghTa Bang l.T6cd^ tmyen song phij thupc chieu dai cua soi day dd'i vdi GV nham phue vu eho edng tac giang dgy, khae phue nhi/ng khd khan v l TBTN; gdp phan tdng eudng tinh true quan, lam dan gian hda, cu ttie V = X.( k(bgng F l(m) k hda eac hidn tupng VL, tdng su hiing thii hpc (ITVS) sdng) (Hz) (N) (m) tap cua HS; dong thdi, kich thich tinh tieh cue, tt/lue 15 0,3 0,15 va kha ndng tu sang tao eho cac em • 14 0,28 0,28 sdng diing thi ddy phai cd dp ddi bdng mpt so' le lln 50 0,5 0,4 0.54 0,68 0,267 0,27 0,272 13,35 13,5 13,6 Tai li^u tham khao Luong DuySn Bmh (chii biSn) VSt li 12 NXB Gido dvc H 2008 b) Tdc dd tniySn sdng phu thugc luc cing cua NguySn Th^ KhOi (chu biSn) Vat li 12 (nSng cao) diy: Jfi di/pc thuc hign nhu.sau: Treo gia trpng cd NXB Gido rfftcH 2006 khoi lupng m = SOg (tuang iing vdi gia trj dptorneua (Xem 6^ trang 41) k/c F = 0,5N) vao dlu tren cua st^ day Ndi vit ham, Tap chi Gido due so 302 57 (ki2-1/2013) • sQdyng ttij giac, viia sudyng ttiinh giac, taiddcdk)i cho kha nang chu y, ki tic, ii giai, cd Ipi cho bdi dudng tam li phdng khoang cua tre Mudn vdy, ngudi Idn phai ttiich dpc to, tre nhd nghe ttiay, nhin ttiay se bdt chudc mpt each vd thuc, din din hinh ttianh sd ttiich dpc saeh, hi "ttiinh gia" chuye'n sang "dpe gia" Hinhttianhdupcttidiquen ttiich sach,ttiichdpc saeh chinh la tdi san vd tan cua cudc ddi tre Sau tre dd cd hiing thu vdi vide dpc, da nhdn bilt dupc mat chQ, ngudi Idn can nhanh chdng chuyen sang giai doan giup tre dpc hid'u Ope hieu cd ttii ttiuc day sy phat triln kha nang nghe ndi, giup be kham pha "ve dgp ben trong" cila ngdn ngu ttij giac Nlu vigc nhan bilt mat chQ sdm lam phat biln tinh chii y, phat trie'n tri nhd, tinh i^uan sat cho tre thi vi$c giup tre dpc hie'u se phat tridn tinh suy ludn, tii h;pngta;dng.Nhung tri thde thu dupc tu vide dpe hilu tQ nhd se ed an tupng rat sdu dam cupc diii mdi ngudi va v l Idu dai se phat huy tac dyng Bdl, dpc hid'u thdi ki sdm cd anh hudng rat Idn ddi vdi phat trien ngdn ngu, phat trie'n tu KT ndng sir dyng ngdn ngQ eua tre 6uqc vi nhu chia khda vang, giiip tre md canh cda tri tug, ndng eao nang k/c ty hpc, tie'p thu nin van hda, vdn hidn cila ddn tgc, ndm bdt trittiQccua nhdn toai Dgy tre nhdn bilt mat chu va dpc hilu bdt budc kit hpp vdi vide xdy dyng tinh each, phd'm chat dao ddc tdt thi mdi cdng Cac ddc tinh: vui ve, hoat bat, chuyen tdm, ti mi, cham chi, cautie'n,ta;tin, khdng sp khd khdn, nhiet tinh, hod ddng se dupc hinh qua trinh phdt trie'n ngdn ngu thj gide cho tre Chu ddng phdt triln sdm ngdn ngu thj gide cho tre la sdm xdy dung thdi quen thich sach,ttiichdpc saeh, gdp phln hinh van hda dpc - van hda dang ed nguy co bj gkii tre lang qudn • Tai li$u tham khdo Hodng PhS Logic ngdn nga hpc, NXB Khoa htfc xdh^i,U 1989 Robert J Marzano Ngh$ thuSt vi khoa hpc day hpc NXB Gido diic Vift Nam, H 2011 Phiing DIIC Todn Phuong an tudi: phat tri^n ngOn ngu' tdr ndi NXB Lao d^ng - Xd hdi, H.2011 NguySn Quang USn (chii biSn) TSm li hpc dai cuong NXB Gido dif c, H 1996 SUMMARY Today, the reading culture is in danger of degraOedgy tre dpc hid'u, tmde hit phai ehpn ndi dung dation and neglected by the young Therefore, the Npi dung tre dpc phai dac bidt sinh dpng, hdp ddn; maintenance and development ofreading culture for cau cd cd'u tnic don gian, dpc len cd dm dieu; chu young people is essential Early development of the visual language for chUdren as measures to address viet Idn Tmygn tranh, tho va van van (ddc bidt la the root of the problem Because, the early developnhung tac phd'm giau dm thanh, nhip digu, tilt tdu) ment of visual language contribute to the formation la tai ligu tdt nhd't giai doan Cd the de tre of youth culture reading thudng thde tranh tn;dc, doan cdu chuydn tranh ho$c cdu dd sach, sau dd mdi dpe O l u tidn, tre dpe ttieo kie'u "dpc vgt", nhung, tre vdn cam nhgn dupc ve dgp ngdn ngQ ciia bai van, bai tho (Tiep theo tmng 57) qua ngQ dm (van, lugt) Sau dd, vdi kha nang ghi Trdn Ngpc Oanh NghiSn ciu thiit ki, khai thde vd nhd d'n tupng vd ttiQc cap, tre se nhgn biet dupe si dung thi nghiim tu tao day hpc vdt ll chuong m$t chu Cung vdi vd'n sd'ng dupe tieh luy dan, tre CO hpc v(lt li ldp & trudng trung hpc casd vung nii se cam nhdn dupc "ve dgp ben trong" cua ngdn tfnh Qudng Tri Ludn v5n thstc si, Tru&ng D?i hpc su ngQ thj giac, cang ydu thich vide dpc sach Khi tre pham Hu^, 2010 dpc sach can dupe yeu eau ngdi dung tu the' Ngudi NguySn Dtre Thdm Phuong phap d^y hpc vit U & kim cd ttie dung ngdn tay trd hoae que chi de ehi truong phd thOng NXB Dpi hpc suphpm, H 2002 taing chu, chi chu nao, dpc chQ dd Oau tidn ngudi kin dpc, tre dpc theo, sau dpc theo vai lan, nen SUMMARY khich Ig tre ty dpc Khi tre da cd bilu hign As the trend towards innovative teaching meththyc, ngudi Idn khdng cin chi chQ, tre cd the tn/c ods in high schools is growing, one of the requiretilp dpc Vigc dQC to tilng se chuye'n sang ments is to enhance the use ofexperiments and visual dpc thim, dpc bdng mdt Tre se dupe luydn cac kT aids in teaching This article we reseach making and ndng hpc dpc vdi tu each la mdt mdn hpc using selfcreated-experiments to investigate f^enomenon of the stationary wave on the elastic in high nha tn/dngtid'uhpc schools physics, grade 12 Che tao va Sir dung (ki2-1/2013) • Tap chi Gido due so 302 41 ... hid''u Ope hieu cd ttii ttiuc day sy phat triln kha nang nghe ndi, giup be kham pha "ve dgp ben trong" cila ngdn ngu ttij giac Nlu vigc nhan bilt mat chQ sdm lam phat biln tinh chii y, phat trie''n... tieh luy dan, tre CO hpc v(lt li ldp & trudng trung hpc casd vung nii se cam nhdn dupc "ve dgp ben trong" cua ngdn tfnh Qudng Tri Ludn v5n thstc si, Tru&ng D?i hpc su ngQ thj giac, cang ydu thich