Do Van Hao Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 70(8) 137 Sir DUNG KENH HINH TRONG DAY HOC DIA L I 6 TRiroTVG TRUNG HOC CO SO QUA JHVfC TE TIM HIEU CAC TRLTOTNG TREN DIA BAN THANH PHO THAI NGUYEN Do Van Hao T[.]
Do Van Hao Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE Sir DUNG KENH HINH TRONG DAY - HOC DIA L I TRiroTVG TRUNG HOC CO SO QUA JHVfC TE TIM HIEU CAC TREN DIA BAN THANH PHO THAI NGUYEN 70(8): - 137 TRLTOTNG Do Van Hao Trudng Dgi hpc Sir phgm - Dgi hpc Thai ,\'guyen TOM T A T Qua nghien ciiu, tim hieu thuc trang day va hoc ciia giao vien (GV) va hoc sinh (HS) d trudng , Trung hoc ca sd (THCS) tren dia ban Thanh phd Thai Nguyen cho thay: Phan Idn giao vien van chua thuc su coi kenh hinh nhu la mot ngudn tri thiic Giao vien van chua khai thac triet de nhung thong tin tii' he thdng kenh hinh sach giao khoa ma van sii' dung kenh chu' la phd bien Viec irng dung cdng nghe thdng tin de thiet ke bai giang nham nang cao hieu qua kenh hinh day hpc ciia giao vien cdn nhieu han che Tii' thuc te dd, can phai tiep tuc day manh cdng tac tap huan, sir dung va thiet ke, ddng thdi phai trang bj hon nua ve ca sd vat chat, phuo'ng tien day hoc de nang cao hieu qua ciia viec sir dung kenh hinh day hoc dja li Til' khoa: sir dung kenh hinh, gidng dgy dia ly, clay hoc dia ly a truang phd thong DAT VAN DE De dap irng yeu eau ve giao due thdi ky mdi thi muc tieu day - ligc mdn Dja li nha trudng phd thdng khdng chi truyen dat kien thirc, md la cac su vat hien tugng dja li ma quan Irgng hon la giiip bgc sinh (HS) biet phan tich, so sanh, giai thich sir khac biet ctia cac sir vat, hien tugng dja li Ddng thai tim dugc mdi quan he giua cac ddi tugng dja li vdi Thuc te, ddi tugng nghien ciru ciia mdn hge dja li ed pham vi rat rdng va bgc sinh khd cd dieu kien de quan sat true tiep dugc het cac sir vat, hien lugng dja li Cho nen each nhat de nhan biet chimg la quan sal qua cac phuong lien true quan, dd la cac luge dd, ban dd, bieu dd, hinh ve, tranh anh , chiing dugc coi la kenh thdng tin khdng the thieu vdi day bgc dja li Mat khac, mdn Dja li, viec tiep nhan tri tluic mdi chi bang kenh chii' xem khdng may hieu qua vi nd it de lai an tugng cho ligc sinh, ban che qua trinh phat trien nang lire tri lue va nang luc tu ciia hge sinh Ddng thai, lai hudng bgc sinh vao viec ghi nhd kien thirc mdt each may mdc, hdi hgt Duong nhien, giang day dja li, viec md ta ddi tugng dja li mdt each rd rang va tuong ddi chinh xac la dieu rat quan •'/('/ 0912700225 trgng Dd la yen td dau tien tac ddng vao nhan thirc, la nen tang de hinh bieu tugng dja li d bgc sinh Tuy nhien, de bgc sinh cd the hinh nhung khai niem, nhung bieu lugng ve nidi sd ddi lugng dja li cu the lhi vai trd ciia kenh hinh la vd cimg can thiet N Q I D U N G V A KET QUA NGHIEN CUU Kenh hinh day hoc dja ly Hien nay, chuoiig trinh va ndi dung sach giao khoa mdn Dja li d trudng phd thdng, cluing ta thay rd nhung diem mdi dd la viec tang cudng he thdng kenh hinh Ben canh kenh chu, lugng thdng lin chira dung he thdng kenh hinh chiem ti le tuong ddi ldn Kenh hinh dugc su dung nhieu phong phii, da dang, chat lugng tdt kich thich lu va phat buy dugc tinh tich cue boat ddng ciia hge sinh Nhd viec dira rdng rai kenh hinh vao ndi dung ciia mdn bgc, phan kien Ihirc mang tinh chat thdng bao, giang giai da dugc tinh giam mdt each tdi da, cang phii hgp vdi phuong phap lay bgc sinh lam trung lam Khdng chi la ngudn lu lieu minh hga, ngudi day va ngud'i bgc cdn lini thay d' kenh hinh mdt lugng tri thirc phong plui Kenh hinh Irong sach giao khoa dja li giiip cho ngudi hge di tir true quan sinh ddng den tu triru tugng, phat trien nhan thirc iheo dimg Id gic cua qua trinh tu Nhu vay, kenh binh vira 133 Do van Hao Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE giiip bgc sinh cd ca hdi quan sat dugc cae ddi tugng, hien tugng dja li, vira tao tlui hge tap, tranh dugc sir nham chan giao vien (GV) chi sii' dung phuong phap thuyet trinh bat ki bac bgc nao, kenh hinh dugc sir dung hgp li nd se phat buy tac dung thuc su cua minh Van dl d chd giao vien phai trang bj cho bgc sinh nhung kT nang can thilt dl cac em cd thi tir khai thac kien thirc tir he thong kenh hinh sach giao khoa Thuc tiln viec day bgc ndi chung va day bgc dia li ndi rieng da cho thay, viec khai thac he thong kenh hinh sach giao khoa mdi dii'ng lai d mire don thuan la minh hga cho bai giang ma chua hudng dan cho hge sinh bilt each khai thac ngudn tri thirc phong phii va huu ich Do dd, bgc sinh tiep thu bai giang mdt each may mdc, hdi hgt, kha nang van dung vao thuc te cdn ban che Bdi vay, viec nghien ciru va dua nhung each thirc khai thac, sir dung kenh hinh mgt each hieu qua la nhiem vu quan trgng ciia ngudi giao vien Thuc trang viec sir dung kenh hinh day hoc dja li d nha trudng trung hoc co' sd tren dia biin Thanh phd Thai Nguyen Hau het cac trudng trung bgc ca sd (THCS) tren dja ban Thanh phd Thai Nguyen deu da dugc trang bj kha day dii he thdng cac phiro'ng lien phuc vii day bgc Dja li, dac biet la trang thiet bj true quan nhu ban do, tranh anh, bang hinh, may tinh Hang nam, ddi ngu giao vien deu dugc tham gia cac Idp tap huan ve ddi mdi phuong phap day bgc theo hudng tich circ hda va lay hge sinh lam trung tain va u'ng dung cdng nghe thdng tin day va bgc Ddi vdi ligc sinh d Thanh phd Thai Nguyen cd nhieu thuan lgi nhu: Dieu kien kinh te - xa hdi phat trien hon cac viing ndng thdn; nhd nen tang kien thirc kha tdt d cac cap hge ban dau, nen cac em cd kha nang nhan thirc nhanh hon ban so vdi eac em cimg lira tudi d nhung vimg khac, nhanh nhen, boat bat va cd dieu kien tiep xiic vdi cac phuo'ng tien day hge dja li hien dai, do hau bet cac em deu say me, hirng thii hge tap chinh vi vay chat lugng day - hoc mdn Dja li cang dugc nang cao 134 70(8): 133- 137 Qua nghien ciru, danh gia thdng qua bang hdi giao vien (GV) va hoc sinh (HS) cap THCS tai cac trudng THCS Thjnh Dire, THCS Nguyen Du, THCS Tiic Duyen, THCS Nha Trang, chiing tdi da rut dugc mgt sd nhan xet sau: Ddi v&i gido vien a) v l vai trd ciia kenh hinh day hge dia li d nha trudng THCS Kit qua ciia qua trinh dieu tra ddi vdi giao vien bang hdi cho thay: 100% thay cd dugc hdi diu ddng y rang vai trd ciia kenh hinh la rk quan trgng d ca mat: ngudn tri thuc va minh hga Dieu dd chirng td rang nhan thirc ciia ngirdi giao vien ve kenh hinh day hge dja Ii hien da thay ddi theo chilu hud'ng rat tich circ Nhan thirc hoan toan phii hgp vdi nhu cau ddi mdi phuong phap day hge theo hudng tich cue hda hien ciia ngud'i giao vien ndi chung va bd mdn Dia li ndi rieng b) v l mirc sii' dung kenh hinh ciia giao vien qua trinh day bgc dja If v l muc sir dung kenh hinh ciia giao vien qua trinh giang day dja li d nha tru'dng THCS tren dja ban Thanh phd Thai Nguyen cho thiy, hau het giao vien thudng xuyen sir dung cac loai kenh hinh nhu: Ban dd, bieu dd, sa do, tranh anh Cdn cac loai kenh hinh khac nhu: Md hinh khdi At Lat, kenh hinh tu thiet ke, bang dTa cd ngi dung dja li mirc sii' dung cdn rat ban che, tham chf ca loai bieu dd cd tdi 30,7% giao vien khdng thudng xuyen sir dung Cd tdi 70,3%o giao vien khdng thudng xuyen sii' dung bang dTa cd ndi dung kien thirc dja li Mirc su dung kenh hinh cua giao vien hien dugc the hien qua bang I c) Ve muc kha thi ciia viec sir dung cac phuong phap khai thac kenh hinh day bgc dja li nha trudng THCS: Cac giao vien da tu danh gia nhu sau: - Tdt: 75% -Binh thudng: 20%o - Khd thuc hien: 5% - Khdng thuc hien dugc: 0% Do Van Hao Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 70(8): 133- 137 B a n g Mirc sir dung kenh hinh ciia giao vien qua trinh day hoc dia li d nha t r u d n g T H C S tren dia ban Thanh phd Thai Nguyen Muc Co SU' dung (%) Cac loai kenh hinh Thu'ong xu yen Hiem Khong thu'dn Ban lugc 91.0 9,0 0.0 Bieu sach giiio khoa 69.3 30,7 0.0 Sa sach giao khoa 88.5 11.5 0.0 Tranh anh sach giao Ichoa 94.1 5.9 0.0 Mo hinh khoi 70,2 29,8 0.0 At lat 33.6 60.2 6.2 Kenh hinh tu thiel ke 12,5 40,3 47.2 Bang dTa co noi dung dia li 15,0 70.3 14.7 Bang Y kien phan hdi ciia giao vien ve nhung yeu to anh hudng den hieu qua khai thac tri thirc tir kenh hinh day hoc dja li Khong iinh hu'O'ng Nhieu Miic Cac yeu to Kien thuc nen tang bp mon chua virng chac 100.0 0.0 0.0 Nhan thirc ciia hoc sinh vc lam quan cua kenh hinh chua day du 50.0 50.0 0.0 Nhan Ihirc cim giao vien ve tam quan trpng ciia kenh hinh chua day dil 70,0 30.0 0,0 Mpc sinh chira chu trpng khai thac tri ihirc lir kenh hinh qua trinh hpc tap _„ „ ' 30,0 0,0 Chuang trinh dao lao nang vc li thuyet 50.0 50,0 0.0 Phu'cmg phap giang day ciia giiio vien nang vc Ihuyct trinh 100.0 0.0 0.0 B a n g Hoc sinh danh gia tam quan ciia cac kenh hinh Muc Cac kenh hinh Quan nhat Ty Ic (%) Quan trgnf 20.4 Quan thu' 11.1 Ban 68,5 Bieu 42,7 30.6 26.7 Sadh 35,5 44,2 20,3 Tranh anh 31,2 28.3 40,5 Mi) hinh khoi 30,5 35,5 33.0 Bang, dTa va phan mem day hpc 72.6 15.3 12.1 Mac dil cd tdi 75% giao vien danh gia la tdt, xong van cdn mdt bd phan giao vien van chua coi trgng dimg ve mirc kha thi ciia viec sir dung cac phuong phap khai thac kenh hinh day hge dja li ma van cho rang binh thu'dng hoac khd thuc hien d) Ve nluTng yeu td anh hudng den hieu qua khai Ihac tri thirc tir kenh hinh day hge dia li Tren 70 % giao vien eho rang kien thirc nen tang bd mdn chua virng chac, phuong phap giang day ciia giao vien cdn nang ve thuyet trinh Dieu dd da lam anh hudng khdng nhd den hieu qua khai thac tri thirc tir kenh hinh Irong day bgc dja li Y kien phan hdi ciia giao vien ve nhung yeu td anh hudng den hieu qua khai 135 70(8): 133- 137 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Do Van Hao thac tri thirc tir kenh hinh day bgc dja li dugc the hien qua bang Ddi v&i hge sinh a) Hge sinh danh gia lain quan trgng ciia cac kenh hinh qua trinh bgc tap mdn dja li v l danh gia lain quan trgng ciia cac kenh hinh day bgc dja li, qua tham dd, dieu tra cho thay da sd hoc sinh van chua nhan thirc dugc dAy dii tam quan trgng cua tat ca cac loai kenh hinh, dac biet la: Tranh anh, md hinh khoi Chinh vi vay ngudi giao vien can phai chii y hon nira viec budng dan bgc sinh khai thac cd hieu qua ddi vdi mdi loai kenh hinh trouCT sach giao khoa dja If Hge sinh danh gia tam quan trgng cua cac kenh hinh dugc the hien qua bang b) Mirc thao viec khai thac tri thirc tir kenh hinh qua trinh hoc tap mdn dja li v l danh gia mirc thao viec khai tha tri thirc tir kenh hinh qua trinh bgc tap mdn dia li cd the nhan thay phan Idn hge sinh cac trudng THCS deu ed ky nang sir dung cac phuong tien d mirc tdt va kha, cdn mdt bd phan sir dung d mirc trung binh Do vay ddi hdi ngudi giao vien phai tang cudng sir dung va hudng dan bgc sinh thao each khai thac tri thirc tir kenh hinh dac biet cac kenh hinh sach giao khoa dja li Hge sinh danh gia mirc thao khai thac tri thirc tir kenh hinh dugc the hien qua bang c) Tac dung ciia viec khai thac kenh hinh ma ban cd dugc qua trinh bgc tap Ve danh gia nhan thirc ciia bgc sinh ve tac dung ciia kenh hinh qua trinh hge tap cd the thay viec thiet ke bai giang sir dung va khai thac kenh hinh da cd tac dung to ldn viec phat huy ren luyen cac ky nang dja li Vi vay, cac em cd hirng thu hge tap hon, tham gia gid hge mgt each tfch cue hon va ket qua hoc tap cung cao hon Nhan thii'c ciia hge sinh vl tac dung ciia kenh hinh qua trinh hoc tap dugc thi hien qua bang Mot so nguyen nhan dan den thuc trang tren Trong day hge dja li hien nay, phan ldn kenh hinh vin chira sir dung diing muc dich chua dugc giao vien khai thac toi da nhung thdng tin ham chira dd Cd rat nhieu nguyen nhan khach quan ya ciui quan, nhirng nguyen nhan chii ylu phan ldn cac y kien cua giao vien cho rang: Viec sir dung kenh hinh giang day cdn gap nhilu khd khan nhu: ca sd vat chat cdn thilu, chii yeu mdi cd ban dd treo tudng va moi khdi Idp chi cd mdt bd ban dd, cdn cac md hinh khoi, tranh anh van chua dap irng dugc yeu cau, sd lugng may tinh d cac trudng cdn ft so vdi nhu cau thuc te, mdt bd phan giao vien da ldn tudi nen vige sir dung cdng nghe thdng tin cdn rat ban che Tdm lai: qua viec tham dd lay y kien ciia cac thay, cd giao va cac em bgc sinh cap THCS tai cac trudng tren dja ban Thanh phd Thai Nguyen, chimg tdi cd the ket luan rang: - Phan ldn giao vien van chua thuc sir coi kenh hinh nhu la mgt ngudn tri thiic Giao vien vin chua khai thac triet de nhung thdng tin tir he thong kenh hinh sach giao khoa ma van sii' dung kenh chu' la phd bien - Nhieu giao vien van chua danh gia dimg hieu qua ciia mdi loai kenh hinh giang day dja li - Viec iing dung cdng nghe thdng tin de thiet kl bai giang nham nang cao hieu qua kenh hinh day hge ciia giao vien cdn nhieu ban che, sd lugng giao vien biet irng dung thao cdng nghe thdng tin day hge cdn it Bans Hoc sinh danh a;ia mirc dd thao khai thac tri thirc tir kenh hinh Ty le (%) Muc Cac kenh hi nh Kem Rat t6t T6t Kha Ban 8.0 35.5 40.0 8.8 7.3 Bieu 8,2 31.5 38.2 17.5 4.6 Sa 9.5 20.4 45.5 15.6 9.0 Tranh anh 15.3 42.6 30.5 9.6 2.0 Mi) hinh khdi 20.4 22.1 37.2 16.0 4.3 Bang dTa va phan mem day hpc 18.9 24.5 28.7 18.2 9.7 136 TB Do Van Hao Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Bang Nhan thirc cua hoc sinh ve tac dung ciia kenh hinh qua trinh hoc tap Tieu chi Ti le (%) Nang cao hieu qua hoc tap Ren luyen dugc kT nang quan sat Ren luyen dugc kT nang phan lich Ren luyen dugc kT nang so sanh Md rgng vdn hieu biet 74,3 76,1 77,0 52,2 80,5 KET LUAN v A KIEN NGHI Viec nam bat dugc vai trd va each phan tfch, khai thac he thdng cac kenh hinh sach giao khoa va cae phuong lien bd trg, dd diing hge tap se giiip giao vien va bgc sinh dat duge hieu qua cao qua trinh day va bgc Ben canh dd, bang each giao vien cd the phat huy dugc tinh tieh cue, chii ddng, sang tao ciia bgc sinh, tao dieu kien de cac em lu phat hien va giai quyet van de, tu nit kel luan va lir dd chiem ITnh, van dung cac kien thire, kT nang da hge vdi sir Id chirc va hudng dan cua giao vien Tir thue trang tren, chiing tdi thay cd mdt sd kien nghj sau: - Ddi vdi nha trudng: Cae nha trudng THCS can dugc trang bj day dii co' sd vat chat, dac biel la Irang bj day dii may vi tinh, may chieu, phdng chieu vi hien cac phuong tien d cac trudng THCS cdn rat thieu 70(8): 133 - 137 tieu, ndi dung kien tluic kT nang co' ban va mdi quan he giua cac kien thirc bai bgc Dac biet can phai nam dugc tinh uu viet va phuong phap khai thac ciia mdi loai kenh hinh cho tao hinh anh trirc quan rd net nhat ve ddi tugng nhan thiic - Ddi vdi bgc sinh: Can hinh cho ban than phuo'ng phap bgc tap dirng dan nhu: trudc bai hge can nghien ciru tai lieu chu dao, gid hge biet khai thac tri thirc lu kenh hinh va biel each ghi chep nhung van de co' ban Giao vien can luu y ren luyen thudng xuyen hge sinh eac kT nang lam viec vdi kenh hinh sach giao khoa Neu lam ldl dugc dieu chac chan viec khai thac, sir dung kenh hinh Irong day bgc ndi chung va day bgc dja li ndi rieng se phd bien va gdp phan nang cao hieu qua, chat lugng giao due- dao tao nha trudng hien T A I L I E U THAM K H A O [1] Nguyen Dugc -Nguyen Trgng Phiic (2004), Ly ludn dciy hoc Dia li, Nxb DHSP [2] Lam Quang Ddc, Nguyen Quang Vinh, (2007) Hudng ddn sir dung kenh hinh sdch gido khoa Dia li 10, Nxb Giao due Ha Ngi [3] Nguyen Trgng Phiic (2000, 2001), Phuang lien thiel hi kT thudt dciy hoc Dia 11, Nxb DHQG Ha Ngi [4] Nguyen Trgng Phiic (2004), Mgt sd vdn de dgy hoc Dia li a nhd truang phd thdng, Nxb DHQG HaNoi [5], Mai Xuan San (1999), Ren luyen kT ndng Dia II, Nxb Giao due - Ddi vdi giao vien: Trong qua trinh soan bai, can nghien ciru kT ndi dung ciia bai hge tren ca kenh hinh va kenh chii' de xac djnh miic SUMMARY SEARCHING SOME ISSUES ABOUT THE STATE OF THE VIDEO CHANNEL USED IN TEACHING GEOGRAPHY AT THE LOWER SCHOOLS LOCATED IN THAI NGUYEN CITY Do Van Hao' College of Education - Thai Nguyen University Through learning the reality of teaching by searching, collecting opinions of teachers and students from almost lower secondary schools located in Thai Nguyen city that most teachers have not really consider the video channel as a source of knowledge Teachers not to fully exploit the information from the picture channel of the textbooks as the word channel is mainly used The application of information technology to design lectures to enhance the strength of the picure channel of teacher leaching is still limited From the fact that, we should continue to promote the work of regular refresher training on the use and how to design the image channel as well as to further equip the material base, teaching facilities to improve the effectiveness of the use of channels of the geographical leaching Key words: Teaching by searching, video channel, secondary school teachers, geographocal leaching 'Tet: 0912700225 137 ... the hien qua bang Ddi v&i hge sinh a) Hge sinh danh gia lain quan trgng ciia cac kenh hinh qua trinh bgc tap mdn dja li v l danh gia lain quan trgng ciia cac kenh hinh day bgc dja li, qua tham... Ihuyct trinh 100.0 0.0 0.0 B a n g Hoc sinh danh gia tam quan ciia cac kenh hinh Muc Cac kenh hinh Quan nhat Ty Ic (%) Quan trgnf 20.4 Quan thu'' 11.1 Ban 68,5 Bieu 42,7 30.6 26.7 Sadh 35,5 44,2... hieu qua la nhiem vu quan trgng ciia ngudi giao vien Thuc trang viec sir dung kenh hinh day hoc dja li d nha trudng trung hoc co'' sd tren dia biin Thanh phd Thai Nguyen Hau het cac trudng trung