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NGHIEN CUu & UNG DU KHAI THAC suf DUNG THI NGHIEM TUTAO Hd TRO TO CHUIC DAY HOC NHOM TRONG DAY HOC VAT LY 6 TRU&NG PHO THONG ThS Nguyfia VIA Thanh MInh Tradng BH Suphgm Huk SUMMARY Organizing teaching[.]
NGHIEN CUu & UNG DU KHAI THAC suf DUNG THI NGHIEM TUTAO Hd TRO TO CHUIC DAY HOC NHOM TRONG DAY HOC VAT LY TRU&NG PHO THONG ThS Nguyfia VIA Thanh MInh Tradng BH Suphgm Huk SUMMARY Organizing teaching support group with self-experiments towards promoting a positive, self-reliance and initiative in cognitive activities of students as a positive teaching methods play a significant role in teaching physical Exploiting, using self-experiments to support the organization of teaching groups may apply to the types lesson, with many different levels of teaching posts in secondary physics programs in general and in a some knowledge of Electromagnetic Physics 9th grade junior high school in particular Keywords: Self-experiment; Teaching group; Support teaching Ngay nh^n bai: 10/10/2015; Ngay duyft tfiing: 25/10/2015 nhthig nhdm nhd theo hudng tgo sy phli hpp tich eye vd chu dOng gitfa cae thdnh viln de hodn thdnh tit hogt dpng hgc tgp nhdm vdi sy h5 trp eiia TN nhdm tich cyc hda hogt dOng NT cfta HS Hifn nay, vifc ty tgo TN ddng vai trd quan trpng DHVL d trudng phi thdng Cy thl Id: - Phdt huy tinh tich cyc, ty lyc vd chfi dOng hogt dOng NT cua HS DH theo nhdm - Gdp phdn lam phong phfi TN dupe sft dyng de ho trp to ehfi:c DH nhdm theo cae hinh thurc DH d nhilu khdu khdc qud trlnh DHVL trudng phi thdng - Phoi hgp vdi TN giao khoa vifc tryc quan hda hifn tugng, qud trinh VL DH - Rfn luyfn ky ndng thyc hdnh TN vd phdt triln tu sdng tgo cho HS - Tgo phuang tifn h5 trp quan Irpng cho tl chftc DH nhdm theo hudng phdt huy tinh tich cyc, chfi dOng vd sdng tgo cfia HS - Khai thdc, sft dyng TNTT dl ho trp tl chftc DH nhdm sl gdp phdn khic phye nhftng hgn chl cua tl chftc DH nhdm thdng thudng vd phdt huy uu dilm Vai trd ciia vifc khai tbac, ty tgo TN ho trgr cfia TNTT DHVL d trudng thdng to chftc DHVL theo obdra Cdc m ^ dp khai thdc, ty t^o TN TNTT Id nhftng TN dinh tinh hay dinh lugng DHVL GV vd HS ty chl tgo, dupc gia cdng tft dan gidn den Muc dO 1; Khai thac cdc phuang dn TN sdn cd phftc tgp, tft nhiing v|it lifu, linh kifn, thilt bi thdng (dd dupe Ihiet ki, gidi thifu d SGK ho^c cdc tdi lifu dyng, de kilm ddi sdng tham khao nhung chua dupc chl tgo) vd ty Igo TN To chftc DH nhdm vdi sy ho Irp cua TN Id qud Mftc dO 2: Nghiln cim cdc TN dd cd, phdt hifn trinh tl chftc DH Iror^ dd GV chia HS cua Idp thdnh nhihig hgn che (nlu cd) va ty tgo TN nhdm ndng cao \ D$t vdn di Khai thdc, sft dyng thi nghifm (TN) ndi chung vd thf nghifm ty tgo (TNTT) ndi rilng cd val trd quan trpng ho trp t l chiitc dgy hpc v§t ly (DHVL) Khi tl chfic DHVL theo nhdm ludn cd yeu cdu cao d tinh chft dpng vd ty lyc cfta HS hogt ddng nhdm, vl v§y hgc sinh (HS) thudng g$p nhftng khd khdn qud trinh hgc tgp Dl gidm bdt nhftng khd khdn dd, gito viln (GV) can phdi sft dyng TN vd ede phuang tifn dgy hgc (DH) khdc dl h5 trp cho qud trlnh Idm vifc theo nhdm cfia HS TN vd TNTT Id nhftng phuang tifn can thilt dl ho trp hogt dOng nhdm DHVL d trudng phd thdng Trong dd TNTT thuimg phft hpp vdl to chue DH nhdm bdl cdc uu diim noi trgi nhu: ngdn ggn, don gidn, de che tgo thdnh nhilu bO, cd tinh tryc quan cao, da phuong dn nen rdt thich hpp dl HS tiln TN theo timg nhdm nhd Trong DHVL d trudng THCS, hdu hit cdc kiln thfix; diu dugc hinh trln co sd tryc quan, dd de phdt huy tinh tich cyc, ty lyc hogt dOng nh$n thftc (NT) thi HS phdi dupc ty tay tiln hdnh TN de tim kiln Ihirc cdn nghien cuu • TAP CHt THlfTBIGlAO DMC-sd 123-11/2015 BmOBBII hifu qud sft dyng ho$c de xuat phuong dn thay thl Mftc dO 3: D I xudt phuong dn TN va ty tgo TN mdi Sir dyng TNTT hS try to ch6c DHVL theo nhdm bdi nghien cihi kien thdr mdi 4.J Cdc mirc d^ hd trgr cda TNTT tS chuc DH nhdm Sft dyng TNTT h3 trp l l chftc DH nhdm DH kiln thftc mdi cd Ihl thyc hifn d nhilu khdu tien trinh DHVL d trudng thdng nhu: md ddu, nlu vdn de vdo bdi; hinh kien thftc mdi; dn tdp Cling co ho$c luyfn t§p vgn dyng kien thftc di hgc; kilm tra ddnh gid Do dd, sft dyng TNTT hS trp td chftc DHVL theo nhdm cd the dupc phdn Ihanh cdc mftc dp sau: - Mftc dO 1: H trg eho mpt khdu ndo dd tiln trinh DH - Muc dO 2: Hi trp mdt sl khdu tiln trinh DH - Mu:e dO 3: H Irp cho tdt cd cde khdu cua tiin Irinh DH 4.2 Td chic DH nhdm di hinh thdnh kiin thAc mdi vdi s\e hd tr^ cua TNTT Quy trinh tl chftc DH nhdm vdi sy hi trp cfia TNTT dl hlnh thdnh kiln thirc mdi dupc tiln hdnh theo so sau: 5.1 Cdc m&c dp ho trtf Dya trln mfix: dO thyc hifn cdc Ihao tdc vdi thilt bi TN va rin luyfn KN thyc hanh, cd the phan thdnh cdc mftc dg h5 trp cua TNTT Id chur till thyc hdnh TN theo nhdm nhu sau: - Mftc dg I: Cdc nhdm lya chgn thiet bi, ldp rdp vd tien hanh TN - Muc dp 2; Cac nhdm gia cdng thiet bj theo phucmg dn T74TT, sau dd ldp rdp vd tiln hdnh TN 5.2 Tichdc thtfchdnh vdi s^ hd trf cua TNTT Quy trinh to chfic DH thyc hdnh TN theo DH nhdm vdi sy ho trg cfia TNTT cd the dupc cy thl so sau: • T4cU.I>VrbU)iTMrf>Up L L t e vifcchiuf: d i l l nhdm f i w nhita vv cho nbom, CHOI clp d u ^ b|, vit huou din c k nhto U n hlnh C K buoc Ihuc hlnh TN lU_ 1 i|.l Ll_ ::—1 -•' * fMiic4B,Bli*nTOCIii)UclhliilvAi ~ | ^ ThliiMniihAn.ibliigQhliliiqiilvirtlnUllLjn 1 »U-**_i«nhWjW*W,.J*ih,.-U,^*.c Sadd Qiiy trinh to chuc DHthyc hanh TNtheo nhdm vdi sy hd trg TNTT TltnhMiTN Thill lutnnMai PUn cBng nhilm Sur dyng TNTT bo try ty bpc theo nhdm lh6n| nhll kll qui v i vuchodcitiinh TN UamilTN ' (iKnnhkiiA dnhd 6.1 Cdc mirc dp hdtr^ J.TIilftlutathiiiiiicdciihiinlrinlilillykllqulvllhlo 1 lufn diung, dinh |id kll ipid hoH ding nhAm | T I chftc va hudng din HS ty hpc theo nhdm d nhd vdi vife khai thae, sft dyng TNTT Id qud Irinh ^ ^ iROl n kll Iuin V hlnh IhWl ~ ~ ^ noi tiep cfia DH tren Idp Cdc nhdm sS ty tgo TN di cfing CO, luyfn tgp v§n dyng kiin thftc da hgc vao thyc Sa dd Qiry trinh DH hinh thdnh kien thuc mdi tien cuOc sing, ding thdi ren luyfn cdc ky ndng, ky theo td chuc DH nhdm vdi sy hd trg cua TNTT xdo iik ly hpc d nhd cd hifu qud, HS phdi tieh cyc, chfi dOng vd sdng tgo hogt dOng cfia cd nhdn ciing Sd dyng TNTT trvng tiet thyc hdnh TN To chfic tilt thyc hdnh d Idp thudng theo phucmg nhu hgp tdc vdi cdc bgn nhdm Kit qud ty hpc dn TN gido khoa sdn cd, nhiln thyc liln DH cfia HS khdng chi the hifn qua sy phdt trien trinh dO thi cdc thilt bi TN dd lgi khdng dfi cho cdc nhdm tft NT vdKN thyc hifn Ihdnh thyc cdc thao tde TN md den HS tiln hdnh Do dd, ngodi hinh thftc sft dyng cdn bilu hifn d chat lupng cua cdc sdn phdm TNTT phoi hgp TN gido khoa vdi TNTT thi GV cd the dua dupc cdc em Idm Qua dd gifip GV cd cdn cft ddnh vdo tilt thyc hdnh nhftng nOi dung, phuong dn TN gia HS vd Ihay doi qud trinh DH cfia rainh cho phu chua cd ca hOi dl c§p din till truyln thy kiln hpp Dya vdo tinh chft dOng, sdng Igo cfia HS ty ihitc mdi dl md rpng, khde sau kiln thftc cho HS hpc theo nhdm d nhd vdi sy ho Irp cfia TNTT, cd thi GV cd thl to chfic cho cdc nhdm ldm TNTT vdi cdc xdc dinh cdc mue dp h§ trp sau: phucmg dn TN khdc - Mftc dO I: GV nlu phuomg dn TN, hudng din * Hotldfuiaktai ^ TAP Off THI^BIGlAO DMC-50123-11/2015 • I NGHIEN CL;U & UNG DUNG HS cdch gia cdng, ldp rdp vd tiln hdnh TN d nhd - Mftc dO 2: GV neu phucmg an TN, cdc nhdm ty dl xuat Ilm kilm vgt lifu, cdch gia cdng, ldp rap vd tien hdnh TN - Mftc dO 3: HS ty dl xudt phuong an TN, sau dd lim kiem vdt lifu, ty gia c&ig, ldp rap vd tiln hdnh TN 6.2 To chirc /(f hgc theo nhdm d nhd vdi s^ h§ trg cda TNTT Cdc budc td chuc ty hpc vin sy ho trp cfta TNTT dugc cy the qua so dl sau: I LHStfUmnlcdwiiUMttiWhi: L^kihofehUiH nfi: nhdn Ihio nhifm PhincdntiMtmrvehoeiclJiiiilivitHlnagididm, Timlaimvilhti^paceittAiitbitimi^mimti'TVei, I^r^binhinhWidrilraiAlHiiilvikkjai li/OiAkitv^a/hlt TMo bfJi, iMu lUi;) jbjji vi tA fui qi AlK So dd Quy trinh td chuc tyr hgc a nhd theo nhom vdi sy hd trg TNTT (1),(2),(3): Cdc mftc dO h5 try cua TNTT ty hgc d nhd Tbilt ke tien trinh t l chirc DH kiln thftc "Nghiln cftu cau tgo vd hogt dgng ciia mdy phdt difn xoay chieu" {trong bdi Mdy phdt difn xoay chiiu SGK Vgt ly trang 93) 1, Ldm vifc cbung a Chia nhom: GV Chia Idp nhdm, mil nhdm tft din HS, cft nhdm trudng, thu ky b Neu vdn di: Trong cdc bdi trudc chfing ta da tgo dupc ddng difn xoay ehieu nhilu TN Dya vdo nhihig TN dd, ngudi la dd chl tgo hai logi mdy phdt difn xoay chilu Cdc em se dupc nghiln cftu cdu tgo vd hogt dOng cfta ede may vdi cdc dyng cy TNTT md thdy dd Idm dupc Khi cdc em da ndm dupc cdc kiln thftc lien quan, ve nhd cdc em ciing cd thl ly tgo mgt chile mdy phdt difn nhu v§y c Giao nhifm vy: GV phdn edng nhifm vy cy thl cho cdc nhdm: Quan sdt, xdc dinh cdc bO phgn Vgn hdnh mdy phdt difn vd eho biit hifn lupng? giai thich? i • TAP CHt THI^BIGlAO DMC-50123-11/2015 + Nhom 1, 2: May phat diln co nam cham d Hudng ddn thyc hi?n hogt dgng nhdm: - GV giao mli nhdm md hinh mdy phdt difn theo cdc phuang dn TN dd khai thdc vd ty Igo - GV gidi thifu cdc dyng cy cdn thill, giao nhifm vy cho cdc nhdm: idp rdp dyng cy, liin hdnh TN, quan sat hifn tupng Hogt dOng nhdm vdi sy hS try cua TNTT a Nhdm trudng phdn cdng nhifm vy cho cdc thdnh vien nhdm: 02 HS tira hilu rdto, 02 HS nghiln cftu stato, 02 HS nghiln cim SGK, sau dd tdt ca cftng 1^ rdp vd tien.hanh TN, thu ky ghi chip kit qud ldm vifc cfta nhdm b L^p rap TN: theo phuong dn TNTT cua mdy phdt difn xoay chilu md GV ehudn bj + HS chfi y quan sdt thao tac mdu Irudc tten hdnh ldp rdp, lien hanh TN c Tien hdnh TN thu thdp vd xir iy kit qud: + Dfing tay quay nam eham (ho^c cuOn ddy) quanh cuOn ddy (ho^c nam cham) + Cdc din LED ludn phien sdng liln tyc, quay cang nhanh cdc din cdng sdng + GV qudn li ldp, nhdc nhd, ddn die cdc em lam vifc nhdm + HS tgp trung thdo lu§n va hodn thdnh cdc nhifm vy dugc giao Khi hit thdi gian Idm vifc nhdm, GV cho cd Idp hogt dOng chung d Thdo lugn nhom, thong nhdt kit qud, rut nhgn xit vd chudn bi ngi dung bdo cdo trudc idp: Cdc mdy phdt difn xoay chieu cd cdc bO ph|n chinh Id nam chdm va cuOn cldy Thao lu§n chung a Cdc nhdm cu dgi difn trinh bdy ket qud ddng thdi GVto chuc thdo lugn chung cd Idp: (Xem tiipti-ang24) ... xoay chieu" {trong bdi Mdy phdt difn xoay chiiu SGK Vgt ly trang 93) 1, Ldm vifc cbung a Chia nhom: GV Chia Idp nhdm, mil nhdm tft din HS, cft nhdm trudng, thu ky b Neu vdn di: Trong cdc bdi... diung, dinh |id kll ipid hoH ding nhAm | T I chftc va hudng din HS ty hpc theo nhdm d nhd vdi vife khai thae, sft dyng TNTT Id qud Irinh ^ ^ iROl n kll Iuin V hlnh IhWl ~ ~ ^ noi tiep cfia DH tren... ddn thyc hi?n hogt dgng nhdm: - GV giao mli nhdm md hinh mdy phdt difn theo cdc phuang dn TN dd khai thdc vd ty Igo - GV gidi thifu cdc dyng cy cdn thill, giao nhifm vy cho cdc nhdm: idp rdp dyng