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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE DOI 10 18173/2354 1075 2016 0046 Educational Sci 2016, Vol 61 No 6, pp 35 42 This paper is available online at http //stdb hnue edu vn VAN DUNG LI THUYET HOAT DONG DE TO CHL[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci 2016, Vol 61 No 6, pp 35-42 This paper is available online at http //stdb.hnue.edu.vn DOI: 10.18173/2354-1075.2016-0046 VAN DUNG LI T H U Y E T HOAT DONG DE T O CHLTC HOAT D N G T R A I N G H I E M SANG TAO TRONG DAY H O C M N TOAN TRU6NG PHO THONG Nguy6n Hflu Tuyen Trudng Cao ddng Supham Bac Ninh Tom tat Ddi mdi phtfdng phap va hinh ihtfc td chflc day hgc la mpt irong cac khau dot pha Irong ddi mbi giao due va dao iao hien Lf ihuyel hoat dpng la cd sb khoa hoc cho viee giao due, day hoc nha Irtfbng hien dai dai hieu qua Trong bai bao nay, chiing ioi Irinh bay cd sd, quan mem vl viectfngdung li ihuyll hoai dong de Io chtfc hoai dong trai nghiem sang tao day hpc mon Toan d trUbng phd thbng Ttf chiing toi xay drfng quy Irinh id chffc hoat dpng trai nghiem sang tao day hpc Toan b trrfdng ihong, ddng thbi thiet ke vi du minh hoa cho quy Irinh tren Ttikhda: Lf thuylt hoai dong; Hoai dpng trai nghiem sang tao; Day hpc Toan Mol dau Lf thuyet hoat dgng da dtfdc nghien cffu, van dung rgng rdi khoa hgc giao due Luan diem cd ban cua Ii thuyet hoat ddng da trd thanb nguyen ldc nghien cffu ban chit ngtfbi va qua trtnh hinh ngffbi dd Id "Tam Ii hinh thanb thong qua hoat dbng" [4] Tfl li thuyet boat dgng, tfng dung qua trinh giao due b trflbng thbng iht hoat ddng khong chi la phffbng thffc htnh ngflbi, rna cbn ta phflbng thflc nhat de nha trrfbng giao due ngfldi Theo Pham Minh Hae tht "Nha trtfbng hien dai la nha trrfdng hoat dpng, dung phffbng phap hoat dgng ." [4] Chfnh vt vay, gfao due phd thbng eiia ntfbc ta dang nham htfbng lbi 'Tiep tue ddi mdi manh me phtfdng phap day va hoe theo htfbng hien dai; phal huy tinh tfch ctfe, chu dgng, sang tao va van dung kiln, ki nang cua ngtfdi hgc; khac phuc ldi truyen thu ap dat mgt chieu, ghi nhb may mbc Tap trung day each hoe, each nghi, khuyin khich trf hgc, tao cb sd de ngtfbi hgc tff cap nhal vd ddi mbi tri thtfc, kT nang, phat trien nang ltfc Chuyen tii hgc chu yeu tren Idp sang id chffc htnh thffc hpe tap da dang, ehu y eac hoai dong xa hbi, ngoai khba, nghien cffu khoa hgc" [I] Trtfdc yeu eiu tap trung phat tnen nang Irfc va pha'm chit ngrfdi hge, hai hba dtfc, trf, the, mT; chu trgng day ngrfbi, day chff va day nghe, ddng bg vbi viec ddi mbi chrfdng trinh, viec dol mbi htnh thflc to chflc day hgc cac mon hoc nbi chung, mon Toan ndi rieng se gdp phan quan trgng vao cong cua dd'i mbi giao due hien Trong chfldng trinh gido due phd Ihdng mdi, dieu 66 da dtfbc the hien b viec xac djnh ke hoach giao due bao gdm cac mon hgc, chuyen de hoc tap va hoat ddng trai nghiem sang tao Ngaynhanbai 12/3/2016 Ngay nhSn dang: 18/6/2016 Lien he: Nguyen Hitu TuySn e-mail nguyenhuutuyen hacninh@moci cdu Nguyen HfluTu),C-n (HDTNST) Trong dd neu rb tffng hpc sinh dtfdc trtfc liep boat dbng thtfc lien nha Irtfbng hoac xa hbi dtfbi sff htfbng dan va id chflc cua nha giao due qua db cdc em phdt trien tinh cam, dao dffc, cdc kt ndng va tich luy kinh nghiem rieng ciia ca nhdn 12] CJ mdt sd nflbc cd nin giao due phat trien nhff Nhdl Ban, Him Qudc, Phan Lan, Anh, Singapore, HDTNST dffbc tien hanh thbng qua nhtfng boat dbng vd ngoai nha irflbng, qua db hinh tbanh, phat trien nang Itfc van dung niiiiiig iri ihflc, ki niing, thai db dii hoc, kinh nghiem ban thdn vao thtfc tien cube sdng mgt cdch sang tao [6| |7] Mdtsd tac gid nffbc Dinh Quang Bao, Dmh Tlii Kim Thoa Nguyen Thi Hdng [5], da nghien ctfu HDTNST ttf nhflng gbc va yeu ciu cu the khat nhau, dtfa mot so quan niem ve HDTNST eua hgc sinh thong CJ bai viet nay, chung toi tiep can vin de van dung U ihuyel hoai dong de id chffc HDTNST day hpe mon Toan b trffbng thbng, coi db lii niol irong nhtfng bien phap ddi mdi phrfdng phap day hoc (PPDH) mbn Toan d irtfdng phd thbng gop ph.in thtfc hicn chtfcing irinh giao due thbng mbi Noi dung nghien cihi 2.1 Vai net ve li thuyet hoat dong Li thuylt hoat dbng da dffdc khdi xrfdng vd phai incn iff tac nhii lani li lioc hoai dong cua Lien Xd nhflng nam 30-70 cua the ki XX, md ludn dicm can ban da ird nguyen tac nghien ctfu ban chat ngtfbi va qua trtnh hinh ngffbi - 'Tam If hinh thbng qua hoat dpng" Ndi each khac, ehi cd thong qua hoat dgng cua chfnh ban than ngtfbi, thi ban chat ngtfbi, nhan each ngtfbi dd mdi dtfbc hinh va phat trien Hoat ddng la phtfdng thflc tdn tai cua ngiftfi, va chl cb hoat ddng mdi cd eon ngrfdi va xa hgi loai ngtfbi Hoai dgng la phtfdng ihfft ton tai dac trtfng cua xa hbi lodi ngtfbi md khong mbt loai nao cd dtfdc [4] Cac nha tdm If hge hoat dbng dien htnh phai kc den I.XVtfgnlxki (1896-19341 A.N.Leonchiev O Viet Nam, ngrfbi khbi xtfbng nghien cffu, phiii lrii:n vii ung dung li thuyel hoat ddng vao nha trtfbng la Giao stf Vien sT Pham Mmh Hat Nhffng ttfu cua Tiim If hoc hoat dgng the ki XX la cb sd khoa hgt cho viec gido due, day hoc nba trtfbng hieu qua Ttf Itfbng trung tam cua L.X.Vtfgotxki la kiln tao lau diii lam If hoc tren cd sd triet hgc vat Ijch sff Cach Iam cua ong la thtfbng xuyen stf dtmg phep itfdng ttf de chuyen cat nguyen If Iriel hoc Mac-Lenin ve ban chit xa hpi cua eon ngffbi, ve hoat dbng thtfc lien ctia nb va ve xuit phat diem cua triet hpc, vdo qua trtnh xay dtfng cdc nguyen tiic phffdng phap luan, eac phtfdng phap nghien cflu cu Ihe va cac khai niem If luan eiia lam ii liot Tam If hoc hoai dbng chi cong ihrfc boat dpng, dd ban chil ngffbi dffdc hinh nhtf ihe nao Do la quJ trinh chuyen hda cac gia tri xa hpi, hien thtfc khach quan ihanh tam If ca nhan, dd la boat dbng td ddi ttfdng Ung dung If thuyet hoat ddng qua trinh giao due d nhii trtfbng cho thdy boat dpng khdng chi la phffdng thffc hinh ngffbi, ma cdn la phtfbng thfle nhat de nba trrfbng giao due ngrfbi Pham Minh Hac da khang djnh nha trtfbng hicn dai ngiiy la nha irubng hoat dong, dung phtfbng phap hoat dgng Nhtf vay, hot tap vii giao due, ren luyen viec llnh hgi tri thtfc, kT ndng,i>kT xao, ITnh bpi cdc gid trj xa htii la hoat dbng cua cua chfnh ngtfbi hoc Con ngtfbi cd ttf ltfc hoat dgng mbi bien kiln thffc, kinh nghiem niii xa hbi tich luy dtfdc Ihanh tri thu'c ban than Mue tieu cua nha tnidng la day cho ngtfdi hoc, ttf ltfc hoc tap, ttf gido due Khong thay nao cd the hgc thay hgc trb Chinh thbng qua boat dbng ttf ltfc tua ngtfbi hgt, cac gia trj nhan Ioai mbi trb gia trj tam If cua mdi canhan Dieu niiy diing irong tai ca cac qua trinh giao due i Van dung li ihuyit hoat de'mg de id chifc hogt ddng trdi nghiim sdng lao tremg dgy hpc 2.2 Ll thuyet "Hoc qua trai nghiem'' Lf thuyet hgc qua trai nghiem cua Kolb la If ihuyll giao due hien dai dffdc biet den rat rgng rai Theo Kolb, hgc tap la mgt qua trtnh db kiln thtfc drfdc tao thbng qua chuyen ddi kinh nghiem; kien ihtfc la kit qua tfl srf kit hdp eua viec ndm bit va chuyen ddi kinb nghiem Mbi ngrfdi song moi trrfbng xa hgi Iudn trai qua eon drfbng hgc tap, luon tiep nhan cdc kieh thfch tfl mbi trtfbng va hgc de thfch nghi, phat Irien Viec hgc cd the ttf phdl hoac ltf giac va hieu qua cua nd phu thuoc nhieu yeu to: tfnh tfch ttfc ciia cd nban, moi trtfbng giao due, phu thugc va ngtfbi day, vao ddc diem sinh hoc cua ea nhan, vao phtfdng pbap ca nhan thtfc hien hay dtfdc chi dan Mdi ngtfbi cb the co nhieu cdch hoc khdc nhau, nhtfng du each nao thi ngtfbi cung hpc bang boat dgng Hoat dgng vfla la dieu kien, vtfa Id phtfdng thflc cua viec hgc Hoat ddng lubn phai cb muc dich phai xac dinh dtfbc cai cdn chilm Itnh (doi ttfdng hoai dbng), xac djnh dtfbc cdc dieu kien thtfc hien (ddng cb, phtfdng lien ) T am, thtfc hanh, trai nghiem diu la nhflng dang hoat dgng, la phtfbng thflc hoc hieu qua Hgc qua trai nghiem la qua trinh xay dtfng va ehiem ITnh tri thflc trrfc liep tfl kinh nghiem Kolb drfa sdu dac die'm chfnh cua hoc qua trai nghiem: Viee hgc lot nhit la cin chu din qua trinh ehfl khong phai la kit qua; hoe la mgt qua trinh lien tuc tren nen tang kinh nghiem; hoc lap dbi hdi viec giai quyel xung dbi gitfa md htnh li Ihuyel vdi cupc sdng thtfc tien; boc tap la stf kit ndi giffa ngffbi vdi moi trtfdng; hgc tap la qud Irinh kien tao tri thffc, nd la kel qua cua stf chuyen hoa gitfa kien thffc xa hbi va kiln thtfc ca nhan Hge qua trai nghiem Uen quan trtfc tilp den kinh nghiem ca nhan, nhtfng theo Kolb, ngtfbi hgc cin mbi sd dieu kien: phai san sang tham gia trai nghiem tfeh ctfe, eb kha nang suy nghi ve nhflng gi trai nghiem; cd va sff dung kT nang phan tfch de khdi quat hda cac kinh nghiem cb dffbc; quyel dinh va cd kl ndng giai quyet vdn de sff dung nhrfng y ttfdng mdi thu dtfdc tff trdi nghiem [6] Lf thuyet "Hgc ttf trdi nghiem" la cdch tiep can ve phffbng phap hgc dbi vdi cae ITnh vtfc nhan thflc Neu nhff mue dfch cua viec hoc chii yeu la htnh thdnh va phat trien he thdng tri Ihffc khoa hgc, ndng Iffe nhan thfle va banh ddng cb khoa hoc cho mbi ca nhdn thi muc dfch eua boat dgng giao due la hinh va phdt irien nhflng pha'm ehat, tff ttfdng y chf, tinh cam, stf dam me, eac gia trj, kt ndng sdng va nhfing nang ltfc chung khac can cd b ngtfbi Irong xa hgi hien tai De phdt irien stf hieu bilt khoa hgc, ehiing ta eb the tdc dbng vao nhdn thffc ciia ngrfdi hgc; nhrfng de phat trien va htnh thdnh pham chat tht ngrfbi hgc phai dtfdc irdi nghiem Chfnh vt vay thuat ngfl "Hoat dgng trai nghiem sang tao" dfldc dung irong chfldng trinb ddi mbi gido due sau 2015 [2], la hoat dgng giao due thdng qua stf trai nghiem va sang tao cua ea nhan irong viec ket not kinh nghiem hgc dtfdc nha trrfbng vbi ihrfc tiln dbi sdng ma nhb db cdc kinh nghiem drfdc tfch luy them va dan chuye'n hoa nang life Nhff vay Ii thuylt hgc tff trai nghiem cua Kolb se Iam cho viee hoc trb nen hieu qua hbn Srf Irai nghiem d day Id srf trai nghiem eb djnh htfbng cd ddn ddt chfl khbng phai srf trai nghiem trf Hi phat, thilu dinh htfbng Vbi chu trinh trai nghiem vdi viec xdc djnh kieu hoc mbi trtfbng trai nghiem, viec td chffc boat dgng day hpc vii giao due hoc sinh cb djnh hrfdng se quyet djnh viec dat drfbc muc tieu chuan nang life diu [5] 2.3 2.3.1 Hoat dong trai nghiem sang tao chiTdng trinh giao due thong mdi Thtfc trang to chu'c hoat dgng trai nghiem sang tao cac trtfbng phd thong Trong chffbng trinh phd thbng hien hanh, ke hoach giao due bao gdm cdc mbn hoc va cac hoat dgng gido due (theo nghTa hep, dffdc dung de chi cac boat ddng giao due dffbc td chtfc ngoai '^fljli* gib day eac mbn hgc va dtfdc sfl dung ciing vdi khdi niem hoai ddng day hoc cac mon hgc) Nhrf Jjii'* vay hoat ddng giao due (theo nghTa rbng) bao gdm hoat dgng day hoc va hoat dbng giao due (theo nghta hep) Nguyen Hflu Tuyen Cdc hoat dgng gido due (theo nghta hep) gdm boat ddng tap the (sinh boat Ibp, sinh hoat irtfdng, sinh boat Doan dpi); hoat ddng gido due ngoai gib len Ibp; hoat dbng htfdng nghiep.^ Viec id chtfc thtfc hien cac hoat ddng giao due cac trtfbng thong da dat dffdc nhilu kit qua tfch cffc, nhilu trtfbng hpc da cd nhilu sang tao va td chffc cong cho hgc sinh iham gia cac HDTNST: 64/64 tinh ca ntfbc trien khai Cudc Ihi htfbng dan hgc sinh tham gia nghien cffu khpa hgc va ed san phd'm dtf thi cip qudc gia; hiu hit cac dja phtfbng deu cb id chffc cac hoat dgng smh hoat tap the, hoat ddng ngoai gib len ldp theo cdc cbii de Bb GD-DT quy djnh; hoai ddng giao due hffbng nghiep da giup hpe sinh tim hie'u de tiep tuc hoc lap va djnh hrfdng nghe nghiep; boat ddng giao due nghe phd thbng giiip hoc sinh tim hie'u dtfbc mpt sd kiln thtfc cd ban ve cac nghe thrfc tien tai cdc dja phtfbng, blnh va phat trien mot sd ki ndng van dung nhtfng kien.thtfc vao thtfc lien, ed mbt sd ki ndng sff dung cdng cu, thtfc hiinh theo kt thudi quy trinh cong nghe de tao san pha'm dbn gidn Hoat ddng cua cac cau lac bo, tac cudc thi khac nhtf vilt thil quoc tl UPU, bien lilng Anh, van dung kien thtfc Uen mbn de giai quyel cac vin de Ihrfc tien, Giao Ihong thbng minh, mbt sd san ehdi tri tue hgc dtfbng (Dtfbng Ien dfnh Olympia, Dat hpc Kinh Bic, ), hgc theo dl san, day hdl quan hg Irong Irtfdng pbd thbng da btfbe diu giiip hpc sinh dtfdc HDTNST Ihtfe tien sinh dbng Viee id chtfc gido due eac mon hoe da eo ddi mbi ve dieu chinb ngi dung day hpc Iheo htfbngdan79l/HD-BGDDf 25/6/2013 cua Bb GD-DT trien khai thf diem mo hinh VNEN, thrfc hien doi mdi PPDH theo hrfdng tfch crft, trien khai nhieu giai phdp de thay ddi hinh ihiic i6 chtfc day hoe, ddi mbi kiem tra danh gid hoc sinh., 2.3.2 Hoat dong trai nghiem sang tao chtfdng trinh giao due thdng moi Trong chtfbng trtnh giao due phd Ihbng mdi, kl hoach giao due gom cac mdn hoc chuyen de hoc tap (ggi chung la mdn hgc) va HDTNST Hoat ddng giao due nhff vay bao gdm hoat dong day hgc vd HDTNST [2] Cd the so sdnh mdn hpe chtfdng trtnh hien hanh va HDTNST chtfbng trinh giao due phd thbng mbi nhtf sauDae irtfng Mbn hgc chtfbng trinh hien hanh Muc dfch chi'nh Hmh va phdt trie'n he ihdng tri thffc khoa hge, nang Irfc nhan thfft va hanb dong cua hoc sinh Npi dung chi'nh - Kien thtfc kboa hpc, noi dung gdn vdi cac Unb vtfc chuyen mbn - Dtfbc thiet ke tac phin chffbng, bai, cd mdi lien he logic chat che Hoat ddng trai nghiem sang tao Hmh Ihanh va phat trie'n nhflng pham chit, ttf ttfbng, y cbf, tinh cam, gid trj, kt niing song va nhtfng nang Irfc chung can cb b ngrfbi xd hbi hien dai - Kiln Ihffc thrfc lien gdn bd vdi dbi sdng, dia phffbng, edng ddng dat nrfbc, mang tfnh long hbp nhilu Itnh vtfc giao due, nhieu mdn hgc de van dung vao thtfc le - Dtfbc thilt kl thiinh cac chu diem mang tfnh mb, khbng yeu ciu mdi lien he chat che giffa cac cbii die'm Van dung li thuyet he>al de'mg de tei chtit he>at de'mg trdi nghiem sdng tgo tremg dgy heic Htnh thflc to chffc - Da dang, cb quy trinh chat che, han che ve khong gian, thbi gian, quy mb va doi Iffbng tham gia - Hgc sinh ft cd ed hgi trai nghiem - Ngflbi chl dao, td chffc boat dgng hgc tap chfl ylu la gido vien - Da dang, phong phii, mem deo, Iinh hoat, md vl khong gian, thdi gian, quy mb, ddi itfdng va sd Itfdng - Hgc sinh ed nhieu cb hoi trai nghiem - Cb nhieu Iffc Itfdng tham gia chi dao, id chffc boat dgng trai nghiem vbi cac mffc db khdc (gido vien, phu huynh, nha hoat dgng xd hbi, chinh quyen doanh nghiep ) Tffdng tac, phffbng phap - Chu yeu la thiy-trb - Thay cbf dao, hffbng dan trb boat dgng la chi'nh - Da ehieu - Hoc sinh ttf hoat dbng, trdi nghiem la chfnh Kiem tra danh gid - Nhan manh den nang Iffc tff - Theo chuan ehung - Thtfdtig danh gia kit qua dat dtfgc bang diem so - Nhan manh din kinh nghiem, nang Itfc thtfc hien, tfnh traf nghiem - Theo nhflng yeu cau rieng, mang tfnh ea biet hba, phan boa - Thtfbng danh gia kit qua dat dtfbc bang nhdn xei 2.4 Van dung If thuyet hoat dong de to chu'c hoat dong trai nghiem sang tao day hoc mon Toan oi tnrbng thong s*^r^ 2.4.1 Quy trinh to chiic hoat dgng trai nghiem sang tao day hoc Toan of trtftftig thong " is^' r^T Tren cd sd nghien cflu If thuyet hoat ddng, cdc dtfbng day hgc eae loai htnh bdi hgc bg mon Toan chflng toi xdy dffng quy trtnh id chffc hoat dgng trai nghiem sang tao day hgc Toan b trtfbng phb thbng nhtf sau: C Khbi dbng, tao moi trtfbng hpe tap cho hoc sinh i Chuyen giao nhiem vu hoat ddng hgc lap eho hgc sinh Quan If, theo doi, hrfdng ddn, khuyen khfch va ho trd hgc sinh hdp tdc thtfc hien cae nhiem vu hoc tap long hdp, phan tich danh gia ket qua thrfc hien nhiem vu cua hgc sinh | Quy trinh mb la tiln trinh td chffc HDTNST mdt khau ciia bdi day, diem cb ban la gido vien dffa hpe sinh vao moi trtfbng hoat dbng cb ddng cb; hoc sinh drfdc trf mtnh trai nghiem thong qua cac hoat ddng eb djnh hrfdng Bien phap td chtfc hoc sinh HDTNST day hgc mbn Toan b irtfbng phd thbng la cac hoat dgng, phffdng lien, each thffc cu the dtfdc ltfa chgn de giao vien va hgc sinh thtfc hien hieu qua HDTNST mol cdng doan tua qua trinh td ehfle day hgc nhim dat dffbc muc lieu de mgt each tbi flu Nguyen Hflu Tuyen 2.4.2 Vi du minh hoa De minh hga cho cac bflbe quy trinh to chflc hoai ddng trai nghiem sang tao i hgc Toan b trflbng phd thong, chiing toi phdn tieh tinh hudng day hpc cu the sau: Vf du: Day hgc bai mdi "Quan he gitfa gdc va canh ddi dien mbi tam giac" [3] Vbi ngi dung cb ban dffdc trinh bay trdng SGK, GV thffbng tiln hanh day hgc nhtf sau: Cho hgc sinh tien hanh hai hoat dong va 2: Hoat dgng I: Ve tam giac ABC vdi AC > AB Quan sat hinh vd dtf dodn xem ta co trrfbng hbp nao cac trtfbng hbp sau I) S - C ; 2) S > C; 3) B < C Hoat dong 2: Cat mot iam gidc ABC bang giay vdi ,4r' > AB (xem htnh I) Gap Iam giac ABC tii dinh A cho canh AB chdng len AC 6e xac dinh xem tia phdn giac AM cua goc BAC dd diem B trung vbi mgt diem B' iren canh r'.4 (Xem htnh 2) Hdy so sdnh gdc AB'M vdi gbc C Hinhl Hinh Hinh Sau hai hoat dbng tren, gido vien se djnh htfdng hoc sinh cb dtfde dtf doan: Trong tam giac ABC, nlu AC > AB thi B > C, dd cbfnh noi dung cua Dinh If I Chtfng minh dfnh li SGK dtfa vao ket qua cua hai boat dong tren, edt Ibi la khai Ihac nep gip AM (ehuyen ddi lia phan giac 4/1/, diem triing gap B' ehuyen ve ihem htnh - diem B' tren AC cho AB ^ AB') (Xem hinh 3) Hoat dgng 3' Nham to chflc cho hpe sinh phal hien djnh If (dao cua dinh If I) Ve tam gidc ABC vbi B > C Quan sat va dtf doan xem ta cb Irtfbng bdp nao cac trtfbng hbp sau \)AB ^ AC;1)AB > ,40, ) / I S < AC Djnh If ndy SGK cho hpc sinh cbng nhdn Cuoi eung dtfbc cung cd bdng phat bieu hai chieu cua djnh If I va 2; cdc trtfbng hdp dac biet la lam giac tii, tam gidc vuong va boc sinh lam bdi tap thtfc hanh Phan tfch nhan xet: Cdch td cbflc biii hoc theo cac hoat ddng tren day la hbp If, hpc sinh dai dugc nhfing yeu ciu cd ban ve kiln thfle, kT ndng cua bai hgc Tuy nhien, theo ehung tbi cd may die'm can ban luan: -Viee gip theo mep AM de tao lia phan giac AM, diem B' tren canh AC cho •^^ ^, ^^' ^'^^ '-''^" ^^ ^^^ '^^^ '^ gffdng ep; hoe sinh chtfa tfch luy du nhffng kinh ngbiem de'lam viec mgt cdch hffng thu Se eo hpc sinh ttf dat cau hbi Idm nhtf thi de lam gf' Co the Ihay bing hoat dpng khac dtfa tren kinb nghiem trtfbc db hgc sinb da iffng bill hay khbng? - Co the edu true lai bai hpe bit diu iff tam giae ddc biel rat quen thude la tam gidc vudng:|j "Quan he gifia dffbng vuong gbc vd dtfdng xien, binh chilu" rdi mbi den bai theo Hrfdng d§n" 791/HD-BGDDT de cac hoat dbng dtfbc td chflc tdt hdn khbng? Ttf nhtfng nhan xel tren day chiing ta cd the cdi tiin mbt sd hoat ddng de td chtfc cho hpc sinh trai nghiem sang tao theo quy trinh tren nhtf sau: 40 Van dung li thuyit hogt dpng detd chtie hoat dpng treu nghiim '.dng tgo tremg day he>c a Quy trinh HDTNST giang day dinh If I * Khdi dgng, tao mbi trtfdng hgc tap cho hoc sinh: Ddt vin de ve mdi lien he cdc yeu to gdc va canh eua mot tam giac Chuan bj san tam giac ABC bdng bia, vbi AC > 45, hay so sanh hai gde ddi dien cua hai canh AC va AB * Cbuyen giao nhiem vu hoat dbng hoc tdp eiia hoc sinh, Trb thdi: bdng tach nao, cbng eu gi de minh chflng ro rang AC > AB nhanh nhit, phan tich boat dbng Chia nhdm thao Iudn, bao cao kit qua va ctf nhbm trgng tai danh gia trao ihtfdng * Quan If, theo ddi, htfdng dan, khuyen khfch va hd trb bpc sinb hdp tac thtfc hien nhiem vu hgc lap Giao vien quan sal cdc nhbm va gbi y dung cu hge mbn lodn cde em cd nhtfng gt de thtfc hien? Lieu khong dflng cac dung cu nhtf thtfde thing, compa cac em cb thtfc hien dffbc khong'' Vdi viec khuyen khich va giflp db tren, hgc sinh se cho ket qua dung Ihtfbc thing de (trong trtfbng hdp nay die'm B' nhrf trinh bay tren, trffbng hdp ddt cbn lai tff mdc C van dtfbc ghi nhan nhtfng se thay chtfa hffu dung bbi phan lich sau); irffbng hdp dung compa cung rat nhanh va trffbng hdp ndy eflng diem B' nbi tren; irflbng hdp lai la gap Iheo mep AM nbi tren Hai trtfdng hdp dau eho la mbt phtfdng dn ndi B va B' giin kit mdi lien he gbc B, gbc ABB', goc AB'B va gbc C (din day, HDTNST tiep theo dtfdc djnh htnh) Trffbng hbp Ihfl ba gdi y cho hgc sinh HDTNST nhff trtnh bay SGK * Tong hdp, phan tich, danh gia kit qua ihffc hien nhiem vu cua hoc sfnh Danh gia ve dung dung cu nhanh nhdt: dOng compa theo cdch thfl hai Dieu thu vj Id compa la mbt dung cu khoang each dtfde dung phd bien de chieu dai, thtfdng gdp eac blnh anh cd xffa, mbi khoang md cfla compa Id mbt ddn vj dai Viee gip la mbt trai nghiem bdc eao hdn, khong cin den dung cu, ndy sinh tia phan gidc AM Mdi quan he AC > AB, day la mgt gia thiet cho trffbc cua bai todn Vay khai thac kt mdi lien he cua dieu eho tnidc, kinh nghiem cb trflbc cdn xuat hien b cdng thflc gbc ngodi cua mgt tam giac (gdc AB'M efla tam giac MB'C; gbc AB'B cua tam giae BB'C) vbi hai gdc khong ke vbi no Moi lien he cua gia thiet cho Irtfbc eung gan dinh -1 vao lien kel quan trgng (Idy A la tam, Iam diem xudt phal, lam trung gian) Vice ciu true lai bdi hgc theo htfbng xudi phat tfl tam giac vuong (kinh ngbiem quen thuoc) de td ehflc HDTNST day hgc bai "Quan he giffa dtfbng vuong goc va dtfbng xien, hinh chilu", dd kbal thae kinh nghiem cd trtfbc cua hgc sinh ve dinh If Py-ta-go, tfl db kiln tao kinh nghiem de td chflc day hgc bdi "Quan he giffa gdc vd canh ddi dien mbt tam giac" qua HDTNST cung ta mgt suy nghT If thu Kit luan Van dung If thuyet hoat ddng de to chffc hoat dgng trai nghiem sdng iao day hgc mbn Toan b trtfbng phd thbng la mot each tiep can day hot nhim phat trien pham ehat va ndng ltfc tua ngffbi hgc Chi bang dffbng thong qua hoai dbng hgc tap pham ehit vii nang Iffc cua hge sinh mbi dtfbc htnh thdnh, bdc Ib va dieu thu vi hdn Id hgc sinh dffdc ttf minb trai nghiem vd sang tao Chung tdi hy vgng rang, viec to chffc tdt cdc hoat ddng trai nghiem sang tao day hgc toan se gbp phan thtfc hien cong dd'i mdi giao due hien Nguyen Hflu Tuyen TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [ ] Ban chip hanh Trung tfdng Nghi quyit so 29-NQ/TW ngdy 04/11/2013 Vi ddi mdi cdn biin, lodn dlin gido due vd ddo lao ddp thig yeu cdu cimg nghiip hda hiin dgi Iwa diiu kiin kmh te thi tntdng dinh hiffhig xd hdi chii nglua vd hgi nhdp qut'ic te [2] Bg Giao due va Ddo lao, 2015 Dif thdo Chtfdng trinh gido due phd Ihdng tdng the [3] PhanDflcChinh (Tdng ehii bien), 2013 Hinh heic ldp tap I Nxb Gido due [4] Pham Minh Hac, 2002 Tuyin tap Tdm li hgc Nxb Gido due [5] Dinb Thi Kim Thoa, 2014 Hogt demg trdi nghiim sdng tao - gdc nhin Iti li thuyel "Hoc ni trdi nghiim" Ki ylu Hbi thao vl Hoai dong trdi nghiem sang tao, Bb Giao due vii Dao tao, tr 45 [6] Kolb, D , 1984 Experiential Leammg- experience as the saurse e>f learning and development Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Halt [7] Schank, Roger C , 1995 What we learn when we learn by doing (Technical Report No.60) Northwestern University, Institute for Learning Sciences ABSTRACT Applying activity theory to organize creative activities in secondary schools math class Innovating teaching methods and ways of organizing such methods is an essential part of educational reform and training nowadays Activity theory is the scientific basis for education and teaching in order to gain the desired effect In this article, we present the application of activity theory to organize creative leaching aetivilies for secondary schools math class We ihen provide the procedure of holding creative activities in secondary school math classand some examples to illustrate for the above procedure Keywords: Activity theory; creative aclivities; Math teaching ...Nguyen HfluTu),C-n (HDTNST) Trong dd neu rb tffng hpc sinh dtfdc trtfc liep boat dbng thtfc lien nha Irtfbng hoac xa hbi dtfbi... trinh giao due thong mdi Thtfc trang to chu''c hoat dgng trai nghiem sang tao cac trtfbng phd thong Trong chffbng trinh phd thbng hien hanh, ke hoach giao due bao gdm cdc mbn hoc va cac hoat dgng... kiem tra danh gid hoc sinh., 2.3.2 Hoat dong trai nghiem sang tao chtfdng trinh giao due thdng moi Trong chtfbng trtnh giao due phd Ihbng mdi, kl hoach giao due gom cac mdn hoc chuyen de hoc tap