3* QlqkUti etia ^mo^ del VAI TRO NHA GIAO TRONG GIAO DUG DAO DUnC, GIAO DUG PHAP L U A T V A K ? N A N G S A N G CHO NGUdi HOC Of NlTDIC TA HIEN NAY GS TS HOANG THI KIM QUE G iao due \ ii dao tao khoa[.]
3* QlqkUti etia ^mo^ del VAI TRO NHA GIAO TRONG GIAO DUG DAO DUnC, GIAO DUG PHAP L U A T V A K ? N A N G S A N G CHO NGUdi HOC Of NlTDIC TA HIEN NAY GS.TS HOANG THI KIM QUE G iao due \ ii dao tao khoa hgc \a cdng nghe la qud'c sach hang diu la nen tiing xa dgng lire thiic diy sir nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai boa dai nude Voi vai tro la "ky su tam hon" cac nha giao da va dang dong gop tich cue su nghiep ngucfi, co giao due dao due, giao due phap luat va ky nang song cho ngu6i hgc Nha giao giu vai tro, trach nhiem va dong gop theo each thfle, mflc nhu the' nao viec giao due dao dflc, giao due phap lual va ky nang song cho ngudi hgc hien nay? Phai tao lap mdi trudiig, nhihig didu kien can va dii nao de h6 trg nha giao thuc hien dugc vai tro, trach nhiem xa hgi cao ca cua minh? Thuc su day la nhung van dd rdng ldn, vua ca'p bach, vfla thudng xuyen, lien tuc cua ndn giao due tien tie'n, nhan van didu kien xSy dung Nha nude phap quydn, hgi nhap qud'c te ciia nude ta hien Cd hai va'n dd chfnh cin dugc trao ddi, chia se mgt la, quan nidm vd giao due dao dflc, phdp luat va ky nang sdng, dac diem va the manh cua cac nha giao boat dgng nay; hai la mot sd suy nghi, de xuai ddi mdi ndi dung, hinh thuc, phong each giao due dao due, phap luat, ky nang sd'ng cho ngudi hgc theo hudng long ghep ca "ba ndi dung vao mot muc tieu chung" viec trdng ngudi ben canh viec truydn dat hudng dan sfl dung cac tri thuc khoa hgc nghe nghiep Quan niem vd giao due dao dflc va giao due phap luat ndi chung, cac nha trudng ndi rieng thudng la: Han lam, chuyen sau ve kien thuc, ve ndi dung cac quy dinh phap luat hay long ghep ydu td dao due, phap luat va ky nang sd'ng viec giao due thai tdn trgng, y thuc dao dflc y thfle cha'p hanh phap luat, trach nhidm xa hdi va tinh yeu thuong ngudi Ddn chu & Phap ludt Vide giao due dao dflc phap luat va ky nang sd'ng phai chang chi dflng lai d cac mdn hgc rieng biet nhu hien nay: Giao due cdng dan giao due dao due phap luat hay cdn phai dugc long ghep, lich hgp vao toan bd chuong trinh giang day, chfnh khda, ngoai khda, cac boat ddng cdng ddng, doan the khac Ndi dung, hinh thuc, phuong phap cua ban than cac mdn hgc neu tren can phai ddi mdi nhu the nao de thie't thuc hom, hap dan "ddi thudng" va hieu qua hon viec "trdng ngudi" nhumg cdng dan hieu biet va tran trgng cac gia tri cudc sd'ng, tdn trong, chap hanh phap luat, cd phim chat dao due nhan van, sd dd cd 12 gia tri cudc sd'ng co ban ciia ca nhan la: Hgp tac, tu do, hanh phuc, trung thuc, khidm ton, ydu thuong, hda binh, tdn trgng, trach nhiem, gian dj, khoan dung va doan ket' Trudc het, van dd giao due * KluKi Lual • Dai hoc Quoc ^ia Ha Noi S611 (236)-2011 dao dflc va giao due phap luat d day khdng hoan toan va khdng chu ye'u quy ve ly luan, khai niem, pham trii mang tfnh ban lam, hgc thuat, cung khdng chu ye'u quy ve vide cung ca'p ndi dung cu the ciia cac van ban phap luat Dieu cdt ldi nhai, thie't thuc nhai va cung la khd khan nha't dd chfnh la giao due su tdn trgng, y thuc trach nhiem dd'i vdi mgi ngudi va vdi chinh ban than minh; tinh yeu thuong ngudi, ddng loai, niem tin vao phap luat Ddng thdi, giao due cho ngudi hgc nhimg ky nang sd'ng cin thiei de hg tu bao \'e minh, bao ve nhimg ngudi khac; biet each flng xu, xu ly cd cac tinh hudng xung dot xay Xet ve phuong dien nay, day chfnh la the' m'anh, la ban sic, la phong each giao due dao dflc, giao due phap luat va ky nang sd'ng cho ngudi hgc, ma cac nha giao hon het cd the thuc hien, ddng gdp mdt each thiet thuc cho xa hdi ben canh thiet che giao due gia dinh Nhu dd'i vdi hien tugng vd cam, thd o vdi ngudi, vdi su an nguy cua ddng loai dang cd chieu hudng gia tang, kd ca khudn vien cac trudng hgc, rai khd xu ly tfl phfa cac bidn phap hanh chfnh - phap ly Cac nha giao la nhung ngudi cd the dam nhan dugc trach nhidm giao due hang ngay, hang gid de giam di su vd cam, thai dd thd o, ba't cin ngirdi hgc Cac nha giao du d chuyen mdn niio ngdi trudng nao cung ddu tham gia d nhung mflc dd khiic vao viec giao due dao dflc, giao due phap luat va ky nang sd'ng cho ngudi hgc, chfl khdng chi cd nha giao true tie'p giang day cac mdn hgc giao due dao dflc, phap luat, giao due cdng dan Day cung chfnh la muc tieu, nhiem vu va ban sic ciia giao due hien dai Nha nude phap quyen Ndi dung giao due long ghep "bd ba" dao dflc, phap luat, ky nang sd'ng d day khdng chi la nim mdt so mdn hgc ddc lap nhu lau nay, ma thuc su phai dugc long ghep, xuyen qua, tham tha'u toan bd chuong trinh, bai giang, cac boat ddng tac nghiep ciia ngudi thay ddi vdi ngudi hgc, boat ddng hgp tac giua nha trudng, gia dinh va xa hdi Dung la de thuc hien dugc vai trd nay, ban than ngudi th^y can phai cd mdt lugng kidn thfle nhai dinh ve phap luat, dao dflc, ky nang sd'ng Theo dd, dd'i vdi cac giao vien giang day mdn giao due cdng dan va phap luat, rat cin thiet dugc dao tao, bdi dudng vd kie'n thfle, ky nang vd phap luat Nhung dieu quan trgng bac nhai, didu trudc tien va thudng true dd la giao due sir tdn trgng, tinh cam, thai dao dflc phap luat dung din de hinh thdi quen xfl su theo phap luat va phii hgp dao dflc cho ngudi hgc Van de quan trgng khdng phai la phai cung ca'p cho ngudi hgc nhung khai niem, pham tru mang tfnh hgc thuat ban lam ve phap luat hay di sau vao ndi dung cu the cua cac dieu luat, van ban phap luat Biet luat la can thiet nhung sir tdn trgng, y thfle vd trach nhiem chap hanh phap luat, sdng cd dao dflc, trach nhiem, tinh yeu thuong ngudi, ddng loai mdi chfnh la didu quan trgng nhai Cac thiet che phap luat cd vai trd to ldn viec xfl ly vi pham phap luat, giai quyet tranh chap va bing each de gdp phan giao due phap luat, giao due dao dflc cdng dan Nhung dac thu nghe nghiep va chflc nang cua minh, hg chi cd thd can thiep, tham gia vao cd cac "su kien phap ly" tuong ung sinh Hon nua, tfnh nang va gidi ban cua minh, phap luat khdng the (va cung khdng cin thiet) di theo sat tirng hanh vi, suy nghi ciia ngudi hgc de kiem soat, udn nin, de dieu Ddn chu & Phdp ludt Qlghim eiiu ^mo^ doi/ chinh, de liet dp cho hg ludn ludn d midn chflng muc Ke ca ngudi hgc \i "1001" ly CO sir khiic inii cd hiiiih vi lech cliuiin x;i lioi him trai phiip luat VI nhu sir ban thii hioni khich tloi ir;i: diinh ching hiin ihi cung khdng pliiii cic diing \u ly \c phucmg then phiip ly Tich lieu thiiiih dai ciic hiinh \i lech chuilin xii hdi cflhipdi laphu thiimchi hdi 111 hgi chflng diim ddng a khudn vien hgc ducmg vii gang tac co thd dan den nhumg hanh vi vi phiiin nghiem trgng, gay hiiu quii thiet hiii ni)ng nc \c linh thin, Viit chiit sflc khix:, thiim chf ca tfnh niiing ciia ngudi Do \ay hom hei cac nha giao, nhumg ky su tam hdn, ngudi chien si tren mat tran van hda cd the lam tdt dugc vice giao due dao due giao due phap luat vii ky nang sd'ng cho ngudi hgc Didu cd y nghia va gia tri to ldn nhai la dd'i viii cac bac dao Uio phd thdng, bui'mg nghiep bdi le kdt qua cua cdng \ ice thudng xuyen, Iham hmg la da gay dung nudi dudng dngudi hcic, nhumg the he ngudi hex- cd phim chai dao dflc nhan van, cd tinh yeu thuong, tdn trgng ngudi cac quydn ngudi va y thfle ldn trong, chap hanh phap luat Hj[ Iren ca sd van hda dao dflc Thuc chat ciia "bd ba" giao due dao dflc phtip luat vii ky nang sdng cung chfnh hi tridt ly, muc tieu can biin ciia IICMI giao due hiCn diii giiio due long quiit dugc hidu mot ciich dung din la: "Biio gdm giao due nhiin llii'rc dao dflc vii ciiin xiic Vii iicu giiio due tdng quiit dugc coi nhu nidt thfl iilm ngoiii phiini vi cii;i luiin ly, thi nC-n giiio due dd sd tao nhung kc nguy bien, chfl khdng phai nhung ngudi bien chflng biet dimg ky nang nhiin thuc dc nang cao diio dflc theo mdt each cd su kidm soat cua ciim xiic"Lam the nao de cac nha giao cd the thuc hien dugc, cd thd ddng gdp dugc mdt each thiet thuc hieu qua nhiii viio su nghiep giao due diio due giiio due phap luat vii ky nang sdng cho ngudi hgc bdi ciinh hien Day quii thuc la vd ciing khd khan, phuc Uip ddi hdi nhung didu kien ciin \ii du nhflng nd lire, nhung chfnh sach vii su ddng thuan xa hdi Tfl phuiflig dien chuong trinh giiing day quiin ly d nha trudng cd the dd cfip mdt sd \ lin dd co ban sau viec xay dung vii td chflc thuc hien giao due dao dflc, giao due phap luat va ky nang sd'ng cho »' D Ddn chu & Phdp ludt ngudi hgc, dd la: Cin ddi mdi ndi dung, hinh thfle giang day hgc tap, kidm tra, danh giii iing dung cac mdn hgc hien nhir: Giao due cdng dan giao due diio dflc cac mdn phap luat va kc ca cac gi(i hgc ngoiii khda cd lien quan Hien tiii, cdn nhidu bi'it ci)p \c linh vuc nay, vi du ndi dung cac mdn hpc cdn ni:ing vc ly luiin ban lam va qua chuyen sau vc cac kidn thirc phiip lual: Hgc sinh Idp? hgc vc bd may nha nude capco sd; l(':rp hgc vc quydn sd hiru liii siin; h'rp hgc vc quydn lir kinh doanh \a nghia vu ddng thue, quyen va nghia vu cdng dan hdn nhan Dd la nhumg viiii dd phap luat chua UKU sir cin thiei vdi tre ludi 12 15 ludi \ Mud'n vay ciui diiu Iu cho vice ddi mdi noi dung ciic biii hgc theo hudng don giiin, ldng ghep cac ye'u to phap luat, diio due va ky nang sdng Ky nang sd'ng, ky nang biio \'c biin than, ngudi khac, iriinh xale nan xahoi; giam boi riii ro, nguy hidm (ching han nhu giam lai nan thuong tich o ^ tre em ); ky nang thuc hanh dao dflc va phap luat dang la nhumg va'n dd cap thiet hifin Neu chi giao due thuin tily cac quy dinh phap luat hay cac chuan muc dao dflc thi chuadu ' ' I irx^wuxTL tun S611 (236)-2011 ' 'drOJO^ lL6i va khd cd the dem lai hieu qua xa hgi ciia giao due phap luat, dao dflc Ddng thdi, khdng nen coi cac mdn hgc la mdn hgc phu nhu hien cung nhu each "phd bien" ciia nidi bd phan giao \'ien, nhii quiiii ly vdi ngudi hgc ring, chi can chii trgng cac mdn hgc chinh nhu toan, van vat ly, hda hgc v.v That khdng may thuyet phuc cung biet diio dflc la gdc la quan trgng viiy ma lai xae dinh ciic mdn hgc giao due diio dflc, giao due cdng dan la mdn hgc phu va cd tinh chat ddi phd de dam bao chay chuong trinh Tham khiio kinh nghiem nude ngoai, Nhat Ban chang ban, ngudi ta coi viec giao due diio dflc la chuong trinh chfnh khda xuyen sudt toan bd cac mdn hgc, cac boat ddng cua nha trudng hing ngay; chuong trinh giao due dao dflc khung dugc xay dung tren nen tang luat phap qud'c gia, vdi bd tieu bhuln ma tai ca cac trudng tfl rdng lap de'n tu thuc deu phai ^huc hieii'^ dinh va xa hdi chfl khdng chi khudn khd mdt sd mdn hgc nhu hiu Viin dc dugc ihe hidn thdng qua bimg loat ciic ydu id: Tfl tinh ihriii ihiii trach nhidm, lam hiiyci nghe nghiep Idi sd'ng dao dflc phiip luiit cho deii ndi dung ciic bai giiing ciic boat ddng ciia nhii truitng mil ngirdi giiio vien tham gia; cho dcii ciic flng xfl cua hg vtii ngudi hgc ihco nguyen tic \a phong ciich giao due nhan van cdng bing \'ii binh ding Sc la pbiin Uic dung neu nhu ngudi diiy va nha quiin ly giao due cdn cho ring, viec trumg phat ve tinh than, tham chi bang roi vgt ddi vdi hgc sinh la bien phap ti'ch cue de day hg nen ngudi Cd nhieu viec phai lam nhai la didu kien thieu thdn vd CO sd vat chai, vd hoan canh kinh te cdn rat khd khan ciia cac thay va trd; song khdng phai cdng viec nao cung phai can nhidu tien bac mdi cd the lam dugc Khdng the viec gi cung dd ldi cho vi ngheo nan ve tien biic, thdi gian Mdt liic thi ! - Can long ghep viec giao khdng the lam bet dugc mgi Hue dao due, phap luat va ky viec, song ndn chang, chiiilg ta Vang sdng cho ngudi hgc chgn mot so viec bflc xuc ^oan bd chuong trinh giang day, nhai de giao due ngudi hgc, de \qc tap, kiem tra, danh gia; giam thieu cac hanh vi vi pham I'ioat ddng doan the, cdng ddng, diio dflc va phap luat Theo Agp tac giua nha trudng, gia chung tdi, sddd ndi len la giao due ngudi hgc vd y thfle diio dflc, y thfle tdn trgng, cha'p hiuih phiip luat giao thdng; ldi sdng liuih manh khdng gay gd, diinb tni thu cd ky nang dc tranh xa lc nan xii hdi \ li khdng vd ciim thd of ddi vdi ngudi khac tren co sd lip dung Ciic ky nang sdng ciln thidt Tren mgi miC'ii ciia Td qud'c than yeu bing tinh thiin Irach nhiem tam huyet, tri thfle kinh nghiem nghe nghiep cac nha giao da vii dang gdp phan to Idn vao sir nghiep trdng ngudi, nhung ngudi biet tdn trgng, bao vc cdng ly phap luat cac gia tri cudc sd'ng • / Tiiam khdo: Nlu'riig gid tri soiiii clio tuoi tie, Diane Tillman, Nhd Midi hdn tdng hcfp TP Hd Chi Minh, 2009 va Cdc nhd chuyen mon noi gi vc chiftfng trinh gido due cdc gid tri sdng, http:llww\v.smartfaslkids.com/index.php'.'option-co m_content