36 so 8 2011 DaHvciHoc ^ ^ ^ ^ JSGAY }l i Y'''' lfng dung cong nghe thong tin de khai tliac co hieu qua icenh hinh trong day hoc Dja If I6p10 ThS NGUYEN THI VIET HA Khoa Dja ly TrUdng Dai hpc Vinh 1 Ddt[.]
36 so 8-2011 DaHvciHoc _ _ ^ ^ _ _ - ^ _ - ^ JSGAY }l.i.Y' lfng dung cong nghe thong tin de khai tliac co hieu qua icenh hinh day hoc Dja If I6p10 ThS NGUYEN THI VIET HA Khoa Dja ly - TrUdng Dai hpc Vinh Ddt van de Dja li l i mpt nhQng mdn hpe ed ban dUdc dUa vio giang day nha trUdng d Viet Nam va nhieu nUde tren the gidi Mdn hpc khdng chi cung cap cho hpc sinh nhQng kiln thQc ve eic hien tUdng tU nhien v i cac van de kinh te - xa hdi cudc sd'ng m i cdn ren luyen cho eic em kT nang quan sit, phin tfeh vatUrut nhQng hilu bilt cho rieng minh tQcic dd'i tUdng tren Be trang bj cho hpc sinh nhQng kien thQc va kT nang tren, giio vien Dja If phai sU dung kit hdp nhieu phUdng phap khic nhU: diing Idi ndi d l giai thfeh, phan tfeh, dung eic phUdng lien trUe quan d l minh hoa hoac dUa hpe sinh di thUe t l d l quan sit, thUe hinh Ngoai viee khai thac tdi da kenh hinh sich giio khoa (SGK), GV cdn ed t h i Qng dung edng nghe thong tin va truyen thdng de tU xay dUng bp tU lieu day hpe nhim lam sinh dpng hda v i tang tfnh tUdng tie cho he thdng kenh hinh q u i trinh giang day Bai vie't xin trao doi mdt vii bien phip de khai thie ed hieu qua hdn he thdng kenh hinh nhd Qng dung edng nghe thdng tin qua trinh soan giao i n dien ti/ va td chUe eae hoat ddng day hpe Kenh hinh va vai tro cua kenh hinh day hgc Dja ly Trong SGK dja ly ndi chung v i SGK Dja If 10 ndi rieng dUde trinh bay bang bang nhieu loai ngdn ngQ: ngdn ngQ van hpc, ngdn ngQ dd hpa, ngdn ngQ hdi hpa, ngdn ngQ toin hpc, ngdn ngQ ban do, Trong dd ngdn ngQ van hpc dUdc trinh bay thdng qua kenh chQ, ngdn ngQ toin hpe dUde trinh bay thdng qua cong thQc, bang so lieu, cic ngdn ngQ khac dUde t h i hien thdng qua sd dd, lUde do, ban dd, tranh anh, hinh ve, gpi chung l i kenh hinh Kenh hinh day hpc Dja If cd tfnh IrUe quan'cao, cd vai trd chuyen tai mdt sd npi dung kiln thQc v i ky nang dja If tUdng Ung ed tfnh dien giai Idgic cic sU vat, hien tUdng day hpe dja ly Nlu nhU he thdng kiln thUe chQa dung kenh chQ giup hpc sinh (HS) hinh thinh kiln thQc cd ban, phit triln tU dja If, hinh thinh t h i gidi quan, nhin sinh quan eho HS thi kenh hinh giup HS tri giie nhanh, phat hien dUdc eic xu the chi'nh, cic die dilm chii yeu nhat eiia sU vat, hien tUdng, thiet lap md'i quan he qua lai giQa cie hien tUdng, eic q u i trinh dja If Ngoai kiln thQc dja li minh hpa cho kenh chQ, nhQng kien thQc tang trQ kenh hinh ed kha nang nang eao va md rdng tam hieu biet eho HS ma kenh chO chUa de cap den hoac dieu kien thdi gian khdng eho phep Do vay, thdng qua viec tiep can, khai thac kenh hinh hpc sinh c6 the hinh mdt each day dii, toan dien nhQng kiln thUe cd ban ddng thdi hinh va ren luyen nhufng ky nang dja If can thiet Hien npi dung SGK da dUde doi mdi theo hUdng da dang hda hinh thQc t h i hien thdng tin, true quan hda thdng tin bang kenh hinh, t h i hien y dd dinh hUdng ve phUdng phap giang day eho GV eung nhU phUdng phap hpc ddi vdi hpc sinh Trong dd, SGK Idp 10 vdi nhQng ndi dung dja ly dai eUdng ve tU nhien v i kinh te - xa hdi gdm 36 tranh anh; 34 ban dd, lUdc do; 43 sd do, md hinh, lit cit; 24 bang sd lieu, 12 bieu do, Rd ring, viee dUa kenh hinh vao SGK mdt cich da dang, phong phu nhU tren chfnh la y dd da dang hda phUdng phip day hpe bd mdn ciia cic nha bien soan Ddi vdi GV, kenh hinh la mpt nhQng phUdng tien hflu hieu d l tiln hanh doi mdi phUdng phip day hpc cie mQc dp khac SU da dang ciia kenh hinh SGK l i mdt ldi t h i de GV kit hdp linh hdat cic phUdng phip khic tren ed sd to chQc cac hoat ddng dUa tren kenh hinh, tao dilm nhan qua trinh thiet k l ' giio i n mdt cich tinh gpn m i sinh ddng, hap d i n va ed hieu qua qua trinh day hpc He thd'ng kenh hinh SGK ed the dUde GV khai thac bang nhieu each khic nhau: Khai thie trpn ven cie kenh hinh cd tifng bai hpc SGK; Ong dung edng nghe thdng tin de tim kiem, bo sung, hd trP/thay t h i eic kenh hinh SGK tu cic ngudn khic nhau; GV phdi hdp kenh hinh SGK va tu cie ngudn khic, si/ dung may tinh va cic phSn mem miy tinh de bien tap them cac yeu td nham khai thac kenh hinh cd hieu qua hdn Trong pham vi bii vilt niy, tic gia xin nhan manh den viee GV Ung dung CNTT q u i trinh si/ dung nhim nang cao hieu quic eiia kenh hinh qui trinh day hpe DoHvaHpc Ufng dung cong nghg thong tin de nang cao hieu qua khai thac kenh hinh day hoc dia If Idp 10 37 hdp vdi ^ dd to chQe cic hoat ddng hpc tap d l phuc vu qua trinh thilt k l giio i n Cie thao tie d l thUe hien bidn tap v i trinh chieu ban do, tranh anh ddi hdi giio vien phai ed nhQng ky nang nhat djnh v l sQ dung phan mem Sau day l i mot sd gdi y ve thao tic bien tap ban dd, tranh inh q u i trinh bidn soan, thiet k l giio i n phuc vu day va hpe dja ly * Bien tap v i tao hieu Qng cho bin dd: Tao ban ngudn: bUde nay, giio vien ed nhieu cich d l tao ban dd, cd t h i khai thie tren dTa Microsoft Enearta theo eic thao tie da hUdng dan nhU tren, cd the tim kilm tren mang, scan ban dd tU SGK v i ed t h i tQ xay dQng nhd sQ dung phan mem Mapinfo - Sau da cd ban dd, giio vien can bien tap lai eho phii hdp vdi ndi dung giang day nhU dat ten, viet ve cic ddi tUdng hay chu thfeh tren ban dd nhd phan mem dd hpa Paint Thilt k l eic hieu Qng d l td chQe eic hoat dpng: vf du tao dudng bien mdi d l xie dinh ranh gidi lanh tho, tao cic mui t§n de xie djnti hUdng, chi vj tri hay khoang cich ddng tay, nam bie eiia lanh tho; dUa cac hinh anh, eic ky hieu chuyen ddng de ehi vj trf ddi tupng tren ban do, Tat ca cac hieu ifng dddc thiet k l rat tien ich nhd eic tfnh nang ciia phan mem trinh chilu Powerpoint Vf du: Khi day bai 16: Sdng Thiiy trieu Ddng bien Giio vien cd t h i dung hieu ifng chuyin ddng cic ddng biln de hinh khai niem "Ddng bien" eho hpc sinh TU ban the gidi, GV thilt ke cie dong biln va tao hieu Ung xuat hien eho eic dUdng chuyin, GV edn cd hien thi thdng tin vd ten eae ddng bien Ben canh dd, GV edn ed the khai thie, thiet k l hieu Qng trinh chieu cae tranh anh, bang bieu, sd dd, bieu dd, md hinh, de thUe hien y dd giang day, thu hiit sU chii y ciia hpc sinh, nang eao hieu qua khai thac ciia eic kenh hinh va ngoai SGK Miy tfnh v i cie phin mem miy tfnh eho phep thu thap, XL/ li, trinh chilu cie hinh anh tTnh, ddng mdt cich hap dan v i sdng ddng, ben canh dd cdn ed t h i giUp bd sung, bien tap, lam rd ring hdn, sinh ddng hdn eic dang kenh hinh SGK Dae biet, qua trinh thiet ke va thUe hien giang day cie giio i n dien ti/, viec Qng dung cic phan mem de bien tap, trinh chilu kenh hinh giup bai giang hap d i n hdn dd'i vdi HS, phit huy dUdc chQe nang va vai trd ciia kenh hinh gdp phan ddi mdi phUdng phip day hpc, nang cao hieu qua cua qui trinh day hpc Viec Qng dung CNTT de khai thie kenh hinh cd hieu qua eao the hien d cac Uu the ndi trdi sau: - CNTT cd the giiip cho GV thu thap, lap, bien ve va ehinh sQa cic kenh hinh cap nhat, phu hdp hdn vdi cic ndi dung bai hpc SGK; - CNTT giup eho viec trinh chilu, thie't ke cic hieu Qng theo y dd td chQe eae hoat dpng thu hut sU ehu y va phat triln tu cho HS 3.1 L/ng dung CNTT d l xay dUng eae bp tU lieu hd trd eho GV qua trinh thie't ke giao an dien tQ Viee sQ dung cac chUdng trinh va phan mem cong nghe thong tin d l tao cac san pham Ung dung viec day va hpc, dd ed bd tU lieu day hpc - tap hdp cic thong tin dUdi dang kenh hinh, kenh chQ Qua trtnh xay dUng bp tu lieu day hpc eiia giao vien thUe chat la qua trinh thu thap, bien tap, chinh sQa eae thdng tin phuc vu eho viec day hpe thdng qua cae edng eu khic De lap he thdng kenh hinh bd tu lieu day hpc dja ly, GV ed t h i sif dung cac cong eu tim kiem, bien tap va lUu trQ sau: - Khai thie tranh anh, ban dd, bang bieu, sd dd, mo hinh tren phan mem Microsoft Enearta va eic phan mem chuyen dung; Ke't luan: Khai thac tranh anh, ban dd, bang bilu, sd dd, mo hinh Dja If vdn l i mdt mdn khoa hpc ed tfnh khdng gian cao nen tren mang thdng tin toan eau Internet; cae phUdng tien trUe quan va edng cu ho trd giang day cd vai trd Thanh lap, bien ve eae ban dd tren phan mem Mapinfo; rat quan trpng, nhat l i ddi vdi cong eu da phUdng tien nhU miy Xay dung cic bieu dd tren phan mem Microsoft Excel, vi tinh Cdng eu hd trd giang day cing trUe quan, de sQdung v i PowerPoint; phong phii ve npi dung cang thu hut sU chU y v i tfeh cue hoi - Ve cie md hinh, sd dd tren phan mem dd hpa Paint, hoat dpng nhan thQc ciia hpc sinh Qua thiet ke va thU ghiem, Trong day hpe dja li, viec khai thie tranh anh, ban dd, bang chiing toi thay viee Qng dung CNTT q u i trinh khai thac va bilu, sd dd, md hinh tren phan mem Microsoft Enearta la rat sQ dung kenh hinh ed hieu qua eao, vQa thu hut dUde sU chu y thuan ldi Day la phan mem eung cap thdng tin, tranh anh, ban ciia hpc sinh, vUa da dang hda cie hoat dpng day hpc tU dd dd, doan phim, mo hinh, ciia hang Microsoft, dUde xuat ban nang cao chat IUdng moi gid len Idp eiia GV v i hpe sinh v i cap nhat hing nam vdi ndi dung va dung IUdng thdng tin rat da dang, phong phu tren nhieu ITnh vUc khac nhau, die biet la cic npi dung dja If Khai thac phan mem niy se giup GV ed ngudn tU lieu phong phu, dam bao tfnh tin cay eao d l soan eic giio i n dien tQ sinh ddng, hieu qua Mud'n vay, GV phii nim vQng quy trinh khai thie d l ed t h i thiet k l eae giio i n eiia minh, ledTnhien l i ngudi sQdung can phai mua bd dTa Microsoft TAI LIEU THAM KHAO: Enearta (phidn ban nam 2008 hoac 2009 hoac 2010) v i cai Nguyen Trpng Phuc, Mpt so van de day hpe Dia If dtrudng dat vio miy tinh c i nhin eiia minh thong, NXB Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Na, 2004 3.2 Dng dung CNTT d l bidn tap, trinh chilu k&nh hinh Nguyen Trpng Phiic, Phu'o'ng tien, thiet bj ky thuat day hpc q u i trinhthilt k l giio i n dien tQ Dia If, NXB Oai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi, 2001 Sau thu thap tU lieu hinh anh, GV can thUe hien bien Nguyen Trpng Phuc, Thiet k l bai gidng Dialidtruong phdlhSng, tip, ehinh sQa d l cd t h i sQ dung He thdng kenh hinh dUde NXB Dai hpc SUpham, 2008 dUa vio giio i n dien ti/, cd t h i tin dung nhQng tfnh nang ciia L§Thang (Chili bien), 2008, Dia If 10, NXB Giao Due phan mIm Powerpoint tao cic hieu Qng vdi cic hinh anh phu ...DoHvaHpc Ufng dung cong nghg thong tin de nang cao hieu qua khai thac kenh hinh day hoc dia If Idp 10 37 hdp vdi ^ dd to chQe cic hoat ddng hpc tap d l phuc vu qua... ciia hpc sinh Qua thiet ke va thU ghiem, Trong day hpe dja li, viec khai thie tranh anh, ban dd, bang chiing toi thay viee Qng dung CNTT q u i trinh khai thac va bilu, sd dd, md hinh tren phan... dung IUdng thdng tin rat da dang, phong phu tren nhieu ITnh vUc khac nhau, die biet la cic npi dung dja If Khai thac phan mem niy se giup GV ed ngudn tU lieu phong phu, dam bao tfnh tin cay eao d