CONG N G H E DAY HOC liHG DURG CORG RGHE THORG TIR Vfl TRUUER THGRG TRRRG UHV HOC CHC ROl DURG VE SHR HURT HOR HOC 0 TRUOlRG PHO THOOG ThS Pham Ngoc Bang Trudng Dai hgc Supltgm Hd Npi SUMMARY Lessons[.]
CONG N G H E DAY HOC liHG DURG CORG RGHE THORG TIR Vfl TRUUER THGRG TRRRG UHV HOC CHC ROl DURG VE SHR HURT HOR HOC TRUOlRG PHO THOOG ThS Pham Ngoc Bang Trudng Dai hgc Supltgm Hd Npi SUMMARY Lessons of chemical productions in general education play as an important role in the process ofteaching and learning From the fact ofcurrent textbooks and difficulties in leaching these lessons, the article proposes solutions in applying ITC to support and improve teaching quality chemical production contents Keywords: Chemical production, information communications and technology, textbook, solution Ngdy nftSn bdi: 22/4/2014, ngdy ft dang: 25/5/2014 Sy phat trign nhanh chdng cua cdng nghg thdng thudt sau ndy tin vd truygn thdng (ICT) ndirigngvd edng nghe khoa - HS cung cd, md rdng cdc kiln thdc vl phdn hgc ndi ehung nhihig ndm gin day da vd dang dng hda hpc, H thuylt vl phan dng hda hge vd hilu tde ddng mgnh mg tdi su phdt triln tdc ddng vdo hiu duge CO sd khoa hpc eua cac bign phdp kT thudt dugc hgt cdc ITnh vyc, lam thay ddi sau sic ddi sdng kinh td, dp dung qud trinh sdn xudt cde chat ey the xa hdi, dac bigt la gido dye De giao dye phd thdng dap - Gidp cho HS nhdn thdc dugc vai trd cua hda ung dupe ddi hdi cip thilt cua cdng cudc cdng nghiep hge nen kinh te qude dan (ngdnh san xuit tgo hda, hien dai hda dat nude, viec ddi mdi phuong phap nhung CO sd vgt ehdt, vgt li?u mdi eho xS hpi) dgy hoc vdi sy hd trp eua ICT sS phat huy mgnh mg tu - Giup GV thue hien nhigm vu gido due gdn liln sdng tgo, ky nang thyc hdnh vd hdng thu hgc tap vdi thye tiln cudc sing, lao ddng san xuit, ldm r8 cua hpe sinh dg nang cao chat lugng dao tao mdi quan hg qua lai gitta khoa hgc hda hpc va dng Cae bdi hpe ed ndi dung ve san xuat hda hpc dung thdnh tyu eua nd vdo san xuit khoa hpc hda hpc (SXHH) gitt vai trd quan trgng, gidp hgc sinh cd da nghien cdu phdng theo ty nhien, dilu che dugc nhttng kien thdc, kT ndng va thdi dp tdt ddi vdi gido nhilu chit md ty nhidn khdng ed hodc eac chit gidng due kT thudt tdng hgp Trong sach gido khoa vdi ty nhign nhung cd tinh chit hon bin: kim cuong nhdn edc hinh v6, so dd vd cdng nghe SXHH gidi thieu tao, len da, to nhan tgo td xenluloza cdn so sdi, lac hdu Mat khde, gido vign hda hpc d - Giup HS hilu duge mpt nhthig nguygn edc trudng phd thdng it cd digu kign tham quan thyc nhdn gdy d nhilm mdi trudng, tren ea sd dd gido dye tl cae nhd mdy san xudt, vi vgy da g?ip rat nhigu khd y thue bao v§ mdi trudng cho HS khdn qud trinh Dgy vd Hpc Trudc thyc trang Thyi; trging nhu vgy, vigc img dyng ICT cho qud trinh day hpe 2.1 Vi npi dung chucmg trinh sdch gido khoa hda hgc ndi chung va dgy hgc edc bdi ve SXHH noi Chuang trinh hda hge phd thdng d nude ta dam rigng Id rdt khoa hge vd cin thilt bao dugc tfnh ea ban, hign dgi, khoa hgc, cd tfnh he I Y nghTa va vai trd cua ngi dung kiln thue thdng su phgm vd tinh giao due sdu sdc Tuy nhien, vl san xuit hda hgc edn ed mdt sd nhuge dilm nhu: edn ndng vl If thuylt - Kiln thde vl SXHH Id mdt nhttng ndi hdn lim, md td, ft bai thyc hdnh, bdi tdp thyc tiln dung kiln thdc eo ban, quan trpng eua giao trinh hda Ddi vdi cdc bdi vl SXHH, hinh vg so dd vd edng hoe phd thdng, nhim trang bi cho hgc sinh nhttng nghe SXHH cdn lac hgu so vdi thl gidi kiln thdc tdng hgp cua ngdnh SXHH ndi rieng vd ngdnh edng nghiep ndi ehung Cde kiln thdc kT thuat tdng hgp giup cho HS ed nhOng hilu bilt co ban vl nguyen lieu san phim, higu suit, quy trinh cdng nghe, nguygn tie kT thu|t sdn xuit, nghl nghigp cua edng nhan Cae kiln thdc ndy mang tinh hudng nghigp, giiip HS cd nhttng hilu bilt co ban dl cd thl Mo idnh sdn xudt H^O^ mpt sS sdch, tdi It^u tilp tuc hpc cdc trudng dgy nghl, cdng nhan kT Dgi Itgc, pliS thdng • TAP CHi THifr BI GIAO DUC- S6106 - 6/2014 CONG NGHE DAY HQC Sdch gido khoa hi^n dd cd mgt sd thay ddi so vdi sdch giao khoa cu, dd cd vipe cat bd hodn todn eac bdi day ve sdn xuit nhu sdn xuit HjSO^, NHj md thay vdo dd cdc ndi dung ndy dugc dua vdo myc dieu che cua edc bdi ve chat ey thg Tuy nhign, nhttng thay ddi dugc thl hi?n sdch gido khoa mdi cdn mang tinh chit gidi thigu la chinh, mdt sd ddy chuyin san xuit chua cd hinh v€ minh hga, cde ddy ehuyin edn lgi da cd cdi tiln vl hinh vg nhign ddi ch5 edn chua dung vdi thye te sdn xudt VI v§y, edc npi dung chua dugc diy du, hon ntia thdi gian dl dgy ede phdn ndy khdng nhieu 2.2 vi dgy hgc vi sdn xudt hda hgc Khi dgy hpc cdc ndi dung vg SXHH, hau het GV gap rit nhilu khd khdn dk truyln tdi nhttng kiln thde ndy vl ngodi nhttng kiln thirc co ban vl hda hpe edn cd rat nhilu kien thde khdc ve edng ngh? vd ddy chuyin sdn xudt Trong dd, GV hiu nhu chi dugc di tham quan mpt vdi co sd sdn xudt mpt cdch so sai tir edn hpc dgi hpe, cdn sau da tdt nghiep trudng thi hiu nhu hogt dpng ndy khdng dien Nhu vdy, khdng nhQng HS khd tilp thu cde kign thue md bdn thdn GV eung gdp nhilu khd khan dgy hpe Qua khao sdt thye tl, chiing tdi thiy ring dgy ede ndi dung ve SXHH, hiu het ede GV deu dgy theo kilu "dgy chay", mgt sd GV sir dyng tranh vg, bdn dl minh hga ho$e dua vdo cdc slide PowerPoint dl trinh chilu thdng qua mdy chigu da phuong ti§n Tuy nhign, nhttng ddi mdi ndy khdng nhilu, thudng chi triln khai ed kilm tra, tra, dy gid ho^c thi GV gidi Do dd cdc bdi hpc ed ndi dung vl SXHH ehua hap din nen chua thu hut dugc HS qua trinh hgc t§p chu ddng chilm ITnh kiln thirc Gidi phdp vd phuong dn thyx hi^n 3.1 Gidi phdp Trude nhttng thyc trgng nhu d trgn, gidi phdp img dyng Cdng ngh§ thdng tin vd truyln thdng hd trp day va hpe edc ndi dung vg san xuit hda hpe dupe coi Id khd thi vd hi^u qud nhdt bdi edc ung dyng eua ICT dd thyc sy trao quyln chu ddng hpc t§p eho HS vd eung Idm thay ddi vai trd eua ngudi thiy gido dye Ttt vai trd Id nhdn td quan trpng, quylt djnh kilu dgy hpe t^p trung vdo GV, thi hp phdi ehuyen sang gitt vai trd nhd dilu phdi theo kilu dgy hpc hudng tdp trung vdo HS (dgy hpe liy HS Idm trung tdm) Kilu dgy hpe hudng t^p trung vdo HS va hogt ddng hda ngudi hpc cd the thyc hi^n dugc mdt cdch tdt hon vdi sy trg gidp cua mdy tinh vd mang Internet Vdi ede chucmg trinh dgy hpc da mdi trudng (mutilmedia) vd dugc chuin bj chu ddo cd thg truy cdp dugc nhd cdc phuong ti|n sigu mdi trudng (hypermedia) giup cho vi^c tu hpc eua HS trd nen thugn ti?n vd de ddng hon bao gid het D I thyc sy la mpt cdng cy giao dye linh hogt vd cd khd ndng triln khai rdng rdi epng ddng cdc nhd giao dye, phuong dn tiep can cdng ngh? ddi hdi thda mdn hai ddc dilm sau: - Khdng cd ydu cdu cao vl lap trinh, hoac nlu cd Idp trinh thi cung duge thyc hi?n chu yeu dudi dgng tuong tdc thay cho cdc ddng Ifnh, dt GV vdi nhOng hilu bigt rdt hgn che vg tin hpe van cd the sd dyng cung nhu soan thdo dugc thdi gian ngdn nhdt - Cd khd nang minh hpa tdt, dong thdi eho phep thl hign rd ban chit ede ndi dung khoa hge ciia nhthig minh hga vd md phdng hda hpe dd thyc hi?n NhQng bilu diln dd hga tuyet vdi nhung khdng cho ph^p thiy dugc cdc phgp tinh khoa hpc dn chda bgn sS chi mang J nghTa minh hga gidi tri nhilu hon Id minh hga dgy - hpc Ngodi ra, dieu ki$n dang cd nhilu nd lye I'd uu tien cao nhit dugc ddnh eho mgng Internet gido dye, cdc tap tin minh hpa vd md phdng sg ed sue idng vd hi?u qud cao hon ntta neu cd khd ndng trao ddi, bd sung vd dilu chinh edng ddng cdc nhd gido dye Do dd, cde t§p tin ndy eung cdn cd khd ndng chgy dugc mdi trudng mgng Trong dilu kifn thyc tl hi^n nay, gidi phdp md chung tdi sir dung dl triln khai thyc hi^n Id: - Cde minh hpa ddng hai chilu (2D) vdgid Idp khdng gian ba chilu (3D) sg dugc thyc hien bing Microsoft PowerPoint (phien bdn 2002 trd len), nlu don gian, hodc bing Macromedia Flash nlu phue tap hon Cde md hinh sg dugc ehuyen dgng thyc te tuong tde dugc dudi dgng pdb hoSe ,wrl va xem dugc ede trinh duygt web 3.2 Phuang dn thyv hi^n a) Bude 1: Lya chgn ngi dung Phdn tieh npi dung chuong trinh vd yeu edu su pham ciia bdi hpc de lya chgn cdc npi dung vg sdn xudt hda hgc nhu: Sdn xuat axit sunfuric, axit nitric, amoniac, gang, thgp, ) dd: - NhQng chit ed iing dyng rpng rdi thyc te vd cd n'nh chat dgi di^n tigu bigu - Phuong ti?n hyc quan minh hpa cdn it - Cd qui trinh sdn xuit phue tap, nhilu giai dogn - Cd nhilu kiln thdc dp dyng cho day chuyen cdng TAP CHi THlflBI GIAO DMC-sd 106-6/Z014 • 41 CONG NGHE DAY HOC nghe lien quan d i n tinh chit eua chit, cdc nguyen t i c hda hpe eo ban SXHH nhu cdc cde phuong phdp tdng ^c dp phan dng (tdng ndng dd c h i t phdn iimg, d i ^ g nhiet dp thich h p p , s d dung c h i t xdc tdc, tang di?n tich tiep x d c ) b) Bude 2: Xdy dung cdc tgp tin md phong vd bdi gidng cosir dung md phong - Xdy dung kich ban cho m d phdng va giao an bdi dgy - Thu thap t u li$u ve ede day truyen sdn x u i t hda hgc (sach, mgng Internet, tham quan t h y c t l , ) - L u a chpn cde t u lidu ddng va phd hgp vdi day ehuyen sdn xudt dang dp dung d Viet N a m vd trdn t h l gidi - VS hinh, thilt k l dd hpa (2D, 3D) theo kich ban - Lap trinh hoac su dung cdng cu dd xdy dung md phdng (tgo chuyen ddng, xay dung tuong tae) - Ddng gdi sdn pham (neu can) c) Bude 3: Thir nghi$m, chinh sua - T h d nghi?m san p h i m d cdc trudng phd thdng - Thu thap ^ k i l n phdn hdi vd xin y kiln edc chuyen gia - Chinh su^ egp nh§t cdc md phong da xdy dyng (nlu cin) d) Bude 4: Hoan thi0n sdn phdm - Vilt hudng ddn (trg gidp) c h o san p h i m - Tfch h g p vdo bdi giang vd chuyin giao (nlu cd) 3.3 Mpt sS kit qud ban ddu - Cho d i n thdi d i l m hifn tgi, chdng tdi d& tiln hanh nghidn cim, thilt k l vd xay dyng dugc: 20 md phdng v l ede day c h u y i n sdn xudt hda hgc, thilt kg 20 gido dn vd bdi gidng di^n t d ed s d dyng edc md phdng Triln khai t h d nghiem vd c h u y i n giao eho khodng 1000 GV hda hpc trgn ca n u d e vd dugc ddnh gid cao so s6 Bitu CHE NATBI BANG CACH eiEN PHAN HaCi N6N6 CHAY 11(1**7 Hinh iitJuil.^tii'iMaiUMiiaeHiailelronjeOngnglll^ unh ifung auCh g u O Mtoa 42 • TAP CHi THlfTBI GIAO DUC-sd - / Mo phdng trin Macromedia Flash lti{HiHIH'!f\1ll-HII Kit luSn Diy mgnh ung dung cdng nghe thdng tin va truyln thdng day vd hpc ndi chung vd dgy va hpc cdc ndi dung vl sdn xuit hod hpc d trudng phd thdng ndi rieng Id rit quan trpng vd cin thilt; gdp phin ddi mdi phucmg phdp dgy vd hpe theo hudng hi?n dgi B% vi?e irng dung cdng cd hieu qua cin tiep tyc trien khai xdy dyng cdc md phdng vl ddy chuyin sdn xuit cung nhu cdc md phdng hod hpe khdc, ddng thdi dua cdc tdi lifu da xdy dyng lgn mgng Internet, kit hgp gitta phuang phdp ddo tgo truyen thdng vd ddo tgo qua mgng (E-Leaming) Tdi lifu tham khdo Dang Thi Oanh Phgm Ngpe Bang "Bude ddu thir nghi$m xdy dung vd khai thdc cdc phai mim nghien cuu vd dgy hgc hda hgc" Ki yiu hdi thao khoa hgc Trudng DHSPHN, 04/2003 Dang Thi Oanh - Pham Ngpe Bang - Nguyin Trgng Thp "Su dung Macromedia Flash xay dung cdc md phdng gdp phdn ndng cao chdt lugng dgyhgc Hod hgc a trudng phd thdng" Ki ygu Hpi thao khoa hpc Trudng DHSPHN, 04/2005 Phung n l n Dat-Trin Thj Binh "Hoa ki thudt dgi cuong" NXB DHSP Ha Ndi, 2004 Bd Gido due vd Dao tgo "Hod hgc 10, 11, /2" NXB Giao due, 2008 Nguyen Trgng Thg "Ifng dting tin hgc gidng dgy hod hgc" NXB Gido dye, 2002 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIJIIIIIINIIMIIUIIIII IIIIIIIIIMIIJIJII IIIJIIIIIII REN LUYEN Kl NANG GIAI BAl TAP VAT Ll (r.^p.heo irang,,) mdi trudng (dogn EB) Vi dogn CD dng vdi qud trinh ding dp, nen: dd Tj vd Tj lin lupt Id nhi?t dd d ddu vd eulLciia qud trinh ddn ding dp Vi qud trinh EB Id ding tich, ngn: m, VV (3) dd Tj vd T^ lan lugt Id nhipt dd d diu vd cudi qud trinh dang tfch Dodd, theo (1), edng bg sinh bang: A = - C , [ y ( T , - T , ) - ( T - T , ) ] (4) hi§u suit: Q, r(T,-T,) = ' (e Id h? sd ngn dogn nhipt) dd Tg = T| / 6''-' = Tj / peT-' Thay cdc gid trj T^, T|, Tj vdo bieu thdc (5) vd chd y ring p = e / S ; cudi cimg ta thu dugc hi?u suit cua ddng co: n=> r^ YE-'(P-I) Ket luan Ren luy^n kT nang gidi bai tap Vdt II dgi cuong cd >? nghTa thilt thye giup eho SV hilu sau nhQng kign thirc Vat li, phdt triln tu khoa hpc vd ndng lyc sdng tao vi?e van dung kign thue Vat li dng dyng vao thyc tien Trong qud trinh rgn luyen kT nang gidi bai tap, edn dat duge mue tigu bdi dudng nang lye ty hpe, ty nghien edu cua SV Bang cdc hinh thue vd phuong phap rgn luyen kT nang eung nhu phdi cd mdt h? thdng bdi tap cho SV qua trinh hpc tap nhu da ngu nhim thilt thye gdp phdn ddi mdi dgy hpc dai hpc Ldi giai din ddy ed the eoi nhu dd hodn thdnh Nhung bigu thue (5) ed thg bieu diln dudi dgng khde Tdi lifu tham khao Cd thl bieu diln edc nhi?t dg T^, T, vd T^ qua T^ Luong Duyen Binh Vdt ty dai cuang Jap I; duge khdng? Co - nhiet NXB Giao dye, 2008 Ddi vdi dudng ding dp CD, la cd: T^ / T, = V, / Phgm Minh Tuin Nguyen ty dgng ca dot V, = p {p Id h§ s6 dan ding dp) Do dd T, = T^ / p NXBGD, 2002 Ddi vdi qud trinh dogn nhi?t DE, ta cd: T, / T, = (V, Nguyen Dinh Thudc Phdt triin tuduycho hgc /V,)r-1=5,-1 sinh dgy hgc bdi lgp Vgt li Dgi hpc Vinh, 2010 David Halidy, Rober Resnick, Jearl Walker (S Id h§ sd ddn dogn nhi^t); do T, = T^ / S'' -' Dli vdi qud trinh dogn nhi?t BC, ta cd: Ca sd Vgt li lap NXB Gido dye TAP CHi THifTBI GIAO DUC-sd 106-6/2014 • 43 ... c h i t xdc tdc, tang di?n tich tiep x d c ) b) Bude 2: Xdy dung cdc tgp tin md phong vd bdi gidng cosir dung md phong - Xdy dung kich ban cho m d phdng va giao an bdi dgy - Thu thap t u li$u... xudt dang dp dung d Viet N a m vd trdn t h l gidi - VS hinh, thilt k l dd hpa (2D, 3D) theo kich ban - Lap trinh hoac su dung cdng cu dd xdy dung md phdng (tgo chuyen ddng, xay dung tuong tae)... ch5 edn chua dung vdi thye te sdn xudt VI v§y, edc npi dung chua dugc diy du, hon ntia thdi gian dl dgy ede phdn ndy khdng nhieu 2.2 vi dgy hgc vi sdn xudt hda hgc Khi dgy hpc cdc ndi dung vg SXHH,