THAI DO HOC TAP BO MON PHIfONG PHAP DAY HOC VA VIEC R^N LUYEN NGHIEP VU SIT PHAIVI CUA SINH VIEN KHOA NGirVAN TRUdNG DAI HOC HAI PHONG HIEN NAY O TS NGUYEN THI H I £ N " Hge tdp hpc phdn Phuong phdp d[.]
Trang 1THAI DO HOC TAP BO MON PHIfONG PHAP DAY HOC
VA VIEC R^N LUYEN NGHIEP VU SIT PHAIVI CUA SINH VIEN KHOA NGirVAN -TRUdNG DAI HOC HAI PHONG HIEN NAY
O TS N G U Y E N THI H I £ N "
Hge tdp hpc phdn Phuong phdp dgy hgc
(PPDH) vd ihvdng xuyen rdn luyfn d l hinh
thdnh, phdt h l l n cdc kr ndng (KN), nghifp
vy su phpm (NVSP) Id ydu cdu edn thdt ddi vdi
sinh ViSn sv phpm (SVSP), ddng thdi cOng td «||du
chf hyc Hip q u y l l djnh hlfu qud vd chd't lupng
ddo tgo (DT) gido vidn cuo cdc khoo, ede hvdng
su phpm (SP) hifn nay
Cd t h i hllu, thdi d f dd'l vdl vlfe hpc tdp cdc
hgc phdn PPDHvd vlfe rdn luyfn NVSP eho SVSP
td mdt trpng thdi ldm If sfin sdng hgc tdp vd vdn
dyng ede kidn thue v l PPDH vdo vifc gidi quylt
cdc Hnh hudng cua thyc l l dgy hgc (DH) d l thyc
hifn hogt ddng DH dgt kit qud cao
1 Quo thye t l gldng day vd hvdng dan SV
hong cdc hopt ddng rdn luyfn NVSP d khoo Ngir
vdn - Trudng OH Hdl Phdng cung nhv thyc t l DH
NIgv vdncuo ede em sou 1^1 ra trudng, ehung tdl
nhdn t h ^ ed nhilu vdn d l bdl cdp vd nhilu yeu
td dnh hudng tdi kit qud hpc tdp, rdn luyfn cuo
SV edn dupe xem xdt d l fim ro bifn phdp khdc
phyc nhdm gdp phdn ddl mdi vd ndng coo chd't
tupng cdo mdn hpc vd hopt ddng quan hpng ndy
Trdn CO sd nhiJng Heu chf ddnh gid thdi dg
hpc tdp mdn hgc eua SV, trong ndm hpc
2010-2011 chung tdl dd tidn hdnh khdo sdt 2 4 7 / 4 0 d
SV Id ndm thd 2 d i n ndm thu 4 thudc cdc chuydn
ngdnh: N g v vdn, Vdn - Dio (d DHSP), Vdn - Cdng
tdc E>dt K l i qud thu dupe nhu sou:
1) Vi nhdn th&c f nghTa, vai trd, mdc dd
cin thiit cOa cdc hgc phin PPDH trong
chuong trinh DT SVSP ngdnh Ngu vdn: cd
191 / 2 4 7 SV (77,3%) ddnh gtd coo mdc do edn
thilt Clio vide hgc tdp cdc hge phdn PPDH (trong
dd, d mi/e dp rd't cdn tht^t Id 27,9%); hjy nhldn,
cung ed 1 4 / 2 4 7 SV (5,7%) eho rdng mdn hgc
ndy «cd cung dupe md khdng cung dupe" Khi
dvpc hdl ^ nghTo cuo vlfe hgc cdc hpc phdn ndy, phdn tdn SV d i u khdng djnh ddy Id nhCfng hpc phdn rd't cd y nghTa vi: glup bdn thdn ndm dupe nhung vd'n d l eo bdn, khoo hgc v l PPDH mdt mdn hgc chuydn ngdnh md minh dong nghidn cuu (27,1 %); ed co sd khoo hgc d l h i l n khol vlfe DH cOa bdn thdn m^t cdch cd PP (23,5%); ndm dvpc nhung quy Irinh, bifn phdp
cy t h i di vdn dyng vdo thye t l dgy hgc sou ndy
d hvdng phd thdng (32,8%); hinh thdnh vd rdn
luyfn dupe nhvng KNSP cy t h i vd edn thill cho qud Irinh DH (29,d%); Nhv vdy, da sd SV dd nhgn thuc dung dvpc vol hd vd sy cdn thilt phdi hgc vd ndm vvng cdc hi ihvc khoa hoe v l PPDH Idm CO sd cho vifc thyc hifn hogt ddng DH sou ndy cuo cdc em
2) Vi xOc edm, linh cam cua SV dii vdl vl$c hgc tdp cdc hgc phdn PPDH: 66,40% SV
cd hvng ihO vdi ede hpc phdn ndy; 23,5% ft hvng thu; 7,3% khdng hvng Hid Mdt sd SV cho bllt If
do khiln hg edm thd'y «khdng ed hdng thO" hodc
«il hung tho' khi hgc cdc hgc phdn PPDH Id: ndl dung dgy hgc cdn cd nhllu khdl nifm trOv h/png, thilu hdp don (37,3%); PP hinh bdy cuo gldng
vidn (GV) cdn ndng vi thuylt h-lnh If thuyll, thilu
minh hpo mfiu v l cdc PP, la ndng cy t h i (33,7%); tdl lifu dgy hgc nghdo ndn vd thilu cdp nhdl mdi (24,1 %); Dllu ndy bdl ngudn h> nguydn nhdn: nhllu ndi dung DH v l PPDH cdc bd mdn hifn noy chvo thyc sy ddp vng nhu cdu ngudri hpc; gido hinh tdl lifu v l PPDH dd qud cu, dupe hSI l^dn nhilu Idn nhvng Ipl chvo cdp nhdt dvpc nhung thdnh h;u mdi cuo khoa hpc v l PPDH Nhllu
G V tdn Idp eho y l u dyo vdo vdn hi thuc cu vd kinh nghlfm bdn thdn, ft chju cdp nhdt, ddi mdi
*Traaag 091 life H^iPUag
Trang 2thdng Hn vdo trong thyc t l DH cOo Isdn thdn ndn
khd ed t h i hudng dfin, giup do SV thye hifn vifc
ung dyng edng nghf thdng Hn vdo vifc DH
3) Vi hdnh vl bgc ft?p cdc hge phdn PPDH
a) Nghe gidng: 8d% SV tdp trung vdo bdl
hgc, cho y nghe gidng (muc d f «rd't chu y" chiim
32%); cdn khodng hon 20% SV «tbvdng xuydn
khdng tdp hung" vdo bdi gldng do thudng tdm
mft sd cdng vifc khdc hong cdc gid hpc v l PPDH
[nhu dpc gido trinh, dgc truyfn, Idm d l cuong
cho cdc mdn hgc khdc); hodc «khdng hllu G V
ndl gi", «eoi ddy chi td If thuylt sudng", mft mdi
ndn khdng cd hung thu d l hpc
b) Tham gia y kiin dixdy dvng bdi: muc d f
eho dgng ndu y kiln, thom gla thdo tudn, honh
ludn vdi GV, vdl bgn hgc trong Idp cOo SV hong
cdc gid hpc v l PPDH rd't thdp (khodng 20%) vd
khdng thudng xuydn
c) Tv bgc 63,6% SV khdng cd thdi quen ho^c
rd't it khi chju dpc gido hinh, Hm tdi lifu hvdc khi
tdn tdp; khdng sogn gido dn vd Idm cdc bdi tdp
v l phucmg phdp md G V gioo cho; hong cdc gid
thyc hdnh, tdp gidng chf ed mdt sd' it nhihig SV
chdm chf, h'ch eye tham gio
Cd t h i khdng djnh rdng, phdn k5m SV dd cd
thdi dp hpc tdp tuong dd'l h'ch eye, h/ gidc ddi
vdl cdc hpc phdn PPDH D l ndng coo hlfu qud
thyc t l cuo cdc hpc phdn ndy, mol G V cung nhu
td bp mdn vd khoo cdn xdy dyng chvong trinh,
d l evong DH vdi nhiJng ngl dung DH phO hpp
vdl thyc l l DH d trudng phd thdng; cdn ihvdng
xuydn cdp nhdt cdc trt thve hifn dgi, ddi mdl PP,
hinh thve DH nhdm phdt huy tdl do Hnh Heh eye,
sdng lgo cOo ngvdl hgc
2 Hien nay, vifc dgy nghi cho SV Ngif vdn
d Trvdng DH IHdl Phdng vfin thvdng xuydn dupe
eho hpng thdng quo nhieu hinh thue hopt ddng
phong phu, gdp phdn khdng nhd vdo vlfe ndng
cao chdt tupng cOo d f l ngu G V dpy NgU vdn d
cdc trvdng phd thdng eua thdnh phd Tuy nhldn,
hvdc ydu edu vd thyc t l DT theo hpc c h i tfn chf
hifn noy, cung vdl nhllu mdn hgc chuydn ngdnh
khde, cdc hge phdn PPDH khdc bj nit ngdn v l
thdi lupng gldng day (tv 1 -2 Hn chI/1 hgc phdn)
khiln cho khdng chi ede ndl dung DH vi PPDH bj
«cdt xen" md vifc thyc hdnh, rdn luyfn cdc kr
ndng dgy hge (KNDH) cuo mdn hpc ndy cOng
thudng xuydn Do vdy, vifc ndm kdn thdc khoa hpc v l PPDH cOo SV khdng ddy du; kr ndng (KN) hllu vd thyc hdnh cdc PP, cdc KNDH cuo cdc em
ed nhilu hgn e h l , d^e blft Id h-ong dlln dgl, glao Hip, td chuc gid hgc, sv dyng cdc phuong Hfn, thilt bj DH hifn dgl; D l l u ndy dvpc t h l h t f n rdt
rd trong nhOng dgt kiln tgp, thye tdp SP eOo SV
d cdc hvdng phd thdng Phdn k5m SV mdt chf dgt ydu cdu vOng v l chuydn mdn md chua gidl v |
PP, K N , NVSP ndn chvo ddp dng dugc yiu cdu
nghi nghlfp ndt ehung vd ehdl lupng DH mdn Ngi> vdn ndt rtdng d trvdng phd thdng
Cd nhilu nguyin nhdn dfin d i n hpn c h i ndy: -Nhilu SV td ro tlid a, thdm chi col nhp ede hgc
phdn PPDH vd hogt ddng rdn luyfn NVSP vi dio rdng ddy chi td mft «nhdm mdn hgc vd KN" phy,
cd Hnh chdl bd hp, khdng quy6 djnh hM chdt lupng
vd Hdu chf ddnh gtd hinh d f chuydn mdn cda SV
Ddy td dllu cdn xem xdl \gi, tir myc Hdu cy thi cue
DTSP, Hdu chf ddnh gid chdl tupng DTSP Kiln thuc khoo hpc CO bdn, khoo hgc chuydn ngdnh Id nhOng Hduchibaohdm«hlnhddlayn^>l'' -nhdntdtryc
Hip, quylt chnh ddl vdl chdt lupng DT nghi; - Quf
thdi gion ddnh cho hogt dgng hge tdp vd r ^ luyfn
KN, NVSP eo hep hong DT SV hf chinh quy iheo
hf ihdng Hn chf, mdc du Id nhirng tigc phdn bdt bxidc nhung ede hge phdn v l rdn luyfn NVSP vd
PPDH d td't cd cdc chuydn ngdnh deu bj co hep v l
ihdt glan hpc tdp (gidm h> 1 2 Hn chl/hpc phdn); -Qud hinh DH cdc hpc phdn PPDH vd rdn lu/^n NVSP cho SV cua eo sd DT vd d f l ngO cdc GV edn hgn d l l Hdu hit G V chuo ihyc sy chO trpng d ^ vifc khal ihdc cdc d^c dllm nghifp vy khi d ^ cdc hpc phdn chuydn ngdnh Cdn vlfe dpy chfnh cdc hpc phdn PRDH tgl vfin mong Knh «hdn ldm* - chf (diu hpng trang bj If thuy^ v l PP md col nhe thyc hdnh r ^ luyfn KN vdn dyng, su dyng cdc PP d / vdo thyc t l mdt bdl dpy, H^ dpy cy t h i hong mgt gtd hpc d hudng phd thdng Bdn cpnh dd, chucng hinh, k l hopch, eosd vdt chdt, kinh pht, phucvv hopt ddng rdn luyfn NVSP cOo G V vd SV hdu nhu khdng dupe cho ^, phd mdc eho G V vd SV ly nhgn thue, ty Idm
3 Nhung nguydn nhdn thyc 1^ trdn cua vlec
DH ede hgc phdn v l PPDH vd rdn luyfn cdc KN, NVSP cho SV Trudng DH Hdt Phdng dd ddt ro mgl ydu cdu, gidi phdp cd'p ihl^t ve vlfe phdl tich
Trang 3dgy tfin ngvdl hpc; ddi mdi, cdp nhdt not dung
DH cho phu h p p vdi thyc t l l n DH d nhd trudng
phdthdng Ddtd:
j ; pil vdi trudng vd khoa DT: - Khoa Ngu
vdn cdn k i l n nghi, thom muu vd phd'l hpp vdl
Hgl d d n g DT nhd h u d n g rd sodt tgi tdng t h i
chuong trinh DT m d l cdch chi Het D l thyc h i f n
vifc rOt ngdn thdi tupng eho cdc mdn hgc theo
h f thdng DT tfn cht, khi xdy d y n g khung chuong
hinh DT cho SV cdc ngdnh SP, cdn ehu trpng tdi
yeu edu h a n g bi nhCmg k i l n thve co bdn ed quon
hf mdl i h l l t vdf chvong hinh phd thdng, cdt gidm
bdt khd'l lupng kid'n thuc nhOng mdn hpc n^ng
v l If thuyel; tdng thdi gion thyc hdnh eho cdc
mon PPDH, NVSP nhdm tpo sy gdn k i t g l v o
k i l n thvc li t h u y l l vdl rdn l u y f n KN n g h i n g h l f p
cOo SV E)dc b l f t , cdn ddnh ridng mpt hgc phdn
hong chuong h'lnh DT G V NgCr vdn v l rdn luyfn
KN, NVSP bd mdn (Vdn hge, Tling Vi$t, Ldm
vdn) cho SV (thyc t l tdu nay ngldung ndy d d bj
cdt b d , budc cdc G V phucmg phdp phdl h/ tdng
ghdp vdo cdc hge phdn PPDH Vdn, PPDH tling
V/f/, ); - Nhd trudng cdn Hep h^c Idng cudng
ddu h; thdt tdt v l co sd vdt ehdl cho vide rdn
luyfn K N , NVSP cuo SV t d l ed ede khoa SP; xdy
dyng cdc phdng hgc b d mdn, phdng rdn tuydn
n g h l f p vy theo ddc trvng chuyen ngdnh DT vdl
sy trong bj d d n g b d , d d y du cdc phucmg Hdn,
t h i l t bj cdn t h i l t d d p i/ng yeu cdu thyc hdnh,
rdn l u y f n nghidp vy cuo SV; - Nhd trudng vd
cdc khoa cOng edn col trpng vd phdt huy tdt vol
h d thye h d n h , thye nghidm cuo he thd'ng cdc
trudng thyc hdnh SP cuo h v d n g , d d n g thdi tdng
cudng hon nua sy phdl hpp vdl cdc trudng p h d
thdng trong cdng tac ihyc hdnh thyc tgp nhdm
tgo d l l u kidn vd ndng coo hieu qud rdn n g h i
cho SV h-ong cdc d p i thyc hdnh, TTSP
2) Dd'l vdl GV dgy cdc hgc phin PPDH:
• Cdn ed sy ddl mdl h> nhdn thuc, coi vide epp
nhdt cdc h-l thue Hdn Hen, l i i f n dgl v l gido dye
hgc, li lugn vd PPDH td ydu cdu b d l bugc nhdm
ddm bdo myc Hdu DH DH td h-ong bj nhiJng h-l
thdc khoo hgc, h i f n d g l , hiJu dyng cho vlfe phdt
h i l n n g h i cuo SV chv khdng chf dgy nhCmg h i
thde kinh d l l n , hdn tdm md G V ed sdn Mud'n
vdy, mol G V cdn phdi thyc sy tdm h u y l l vdl n g h i
n g h i f p , khdng ngCrng h/ fim tdi, nghldn cvu ndng
IP Chi filao due so 2 9 0 (ki a • z/aoia)
NVSP khdc; col thyc t l day hpc cua t>dn thdn chinh Id «td'm g u o n g " , Id minh chung cho cdc PPDH, KNDH md minh dong eo gdng trang bj cho SV; Hch eye dd'l mdl cdc PPDH cuo bdn thdn, khdng ngdng ndng coo kf ndng su d y n g cdc phuong Hfn kr thugt, t h i l t bj DH Hdn Hin hong qud hinh gldng dgy vd rdn luyfn thdnh thgo cdc KNDH; - Cdn cd sy phdi hgp ctidt chd vdl hudng phd thdng N l u mol GV vva tudn e d g d n g phd'n dd'u dgy td't cdc hgc phdn PPDH d h v d n g , khoo
SP vdo thdnh thgo vifc DH mdn NgQ vdn d THCS, THI=T thi h i f u qud vd sue hdp dfin cOa cdc bdl dpy v l phvong phdp, cdc K N , NVSP cdn rdn luyfn cho SV sd dupe ndng cao ro r f I Quo d d ,
GV cd d l l u k l f n trang bj cho SV nhimg k i l n thuc
cd trong chucmg hinh hge phd thdng md sou ndy cdc em phdl ddm n h l f m cung nhu nhifng PP, KN
cy rtil md cdc em cd t h i sd dyng cho mSi ndl dung k i l n thue d d ; glup SV y thue dupe trdch
n h l f m , nghTo vy cao quy cuo mgt GV tuong lal
3) Dii vdl SV: - Cdn nhgn thCrc dung ddn vd
ddy do hem v l vol hd, tdm quan hgng cOo hgc phdn PPDH vd vlec rfen luyfn cdc KN, NVSP hong qud hinh hgc tdp d khoo, hudng SP ddi vol vifc hinh thdnh, phdt Men toy n g h i eua bdn thdn hong tucmg
b i ; ty xdy dyng ke hopch hge tdp, rfen luyfn cy t h i
de cd the chO dgng, h'ch eye thom gio vdo cdc qud hinh tigc top, r ^ tuyen vd hong bj, h'ch tijy cho minh nhihig hi thuc Idioa hgc; phdt triln ddn cdc kr ndng, PPDH; - Ngodi cdc gid hgc chfnh khdo hen gidng dudng, SV cdn tudn cd gdng ty minh thye
h i f n vide r ^ luyfn (top sogn gido dn, viH bdng, thuylt trtnh, dpc d l l n edm, k l chuydn, ); h'ch eye thom gla vdo cdc hopt dpng cd Hnh chdt rfen luyfn
KN vd NVSP d top, khoa, hudng nhv Hdl thi NVSP, thi v i l t vdn, thi soon gido dn; thom gio cdc cdu Igc
hd mdn hgc, hdi nghj, sinh hoqrf diuydn d l ve ddi
mdi PPDH d phd thdng, ve cdng tdc chO nhlfm tdp;
- Chu ddng vd Hch eye hong vide ty fim h l l u chuong hinh, tdl lifu thyc te DH d h u d n g phd ihdng; thudng xuySn xudng cdc hudng thyc hdnh cOa Trudng DH Hdi Phdng d l tim h l l u v l ihye t l DH, d y g i d vd tham gio cdc hogt ddng ehuyin mdn vol h ^ ddng
SP nhd hudng de hoc hdl, tfch luy kinh nghlfm vd hifn ihyc hdo, ndng coo ddn cdc PPDH, ede KN
n g h i nghlfp dd dugc hong bi •
(Xem Hep h-ang 54)
I
Trang 4phi/ong an ca'o too may phat d l ^ n d u n g khf
blogas, tiet kl^m vd dam W o cung ca'p dl^n ll§n
tyc cho cdc h ^ gla dinh
krthudt a THPT a
r'AL
Soc^dMmt/ogos
HS da Hm h l l u nguydn tdc cdu too, hopt ddng
cuo h f thdng mdy phdt d i f n chpy bdng khf blogas
vd thdy rdng: di su dpng khi blogas chpy mdy
phdt d i f n , thudng phdl su dpng mdy phdt d i f n
chpy xdng ho<ic dlesel, cdl too Ipl bd e h l hdo
khf vd e h l tpo b f Ipc khf blogas nhdm lopl b d
cac chd't d$e hgl
Cdc nhdm cdn Ipl cung da xdc djnh dupe vdn
de cdn gidl quyet, chdng hpn, nhdm vdl DA 2;
Thiit ki cbi tgo mdy phdt diin chgy bdng sue
gid, nhdm vdl DA 3: Thiit kixdy dvng trgm thuy
diin nhd 6 mien nui Sdn phdm cuo ede nhdm
ngodi bdl hinh ehllu PovrerPolnf edn cd cdc h'ong
web dupe t h i l t k l d l gidl thlfu v l DA nhu: cdl
too Igi bp c h i hdo khf vd e h l too bd Ipc khf blogas
d l lopl bd cdc chdt gdy hal cho mdy Bdo cdo
eijo cdc nhdm dd dua ro dupe nhung thdng tin
vd hinh ve cdn thilt, ndl dung phong phu, thuylt
phgc ngudi nghe
Trong qud hinh thpc h i f n DA, cdc nhdm d d
neu dupe ede gidi phdp, b i l t vgn dgng k i l n thde
da hpc vdo v i f c t h i l t k l , e h l h?o mdy phdt d i f n ,
d l l u d d ehung td d d hinh thdnh d HS ndng Ipc
phdt h i f n vd gidl q u y l t vdn d l , hinh thdnh ede
k i l n thOe v l SX d i f n ndng Bgn cpnh d d , HS eOng
rdt h'ch epe, h/ Ipc vd sdng tpo hong hpc l d p cOng
nhu trong qud frlnh hpp tdc, h o c d d l , gioo H i p
vdi cdc ban khde
Vdi nhi>ng k i t qud nghidn cdu da dot dupe,
vide t d chuc DHTDA mpt sd k i l n thuc v l SX d i f n
ndng budc ddu eho t h ^ , DHTDA cd i h l vdn dgng
(1) Nguyfin Vfin Cudng Gido trinh U ludn dpy hpc
hifn dpi Truing D^i hpc Posdam CHLB Diic, 2009
(2) D6 Huong Tr^ C^c kilu t l chitc d^y hfM; hl^o d^i trong d^y hpc vf t If & trudng p h i thOng NXB Dpi
hqcsuphprn, H 2011
Tdl li^u tham khdo
1 D6 Huong T r i "D?y hpc dp fin v i titfn trinh thyc
hi?n" Tpp chf Gido ditc, sCf 157/2007
2 Lircmg DuyCn Binh (ting cha bien) Vf t U12 NXB
Gido d\ic, H 2008
SUMMARY
This paper presents the pro)ect-t>ased learning someknowledge of electricity production (high schoc^ physics) at the tilgh sctiool Tam Duong2 nmhs promote positive, self-reliance and creativity and capacity to apply practical knowledge of electrlcltyproductlon, problem-solving capacity, communication capacity of the students AJso the article Is to analyze and evakjate ttie effectlvenessof the process-txxed lecmlng prqfect ttvou^ ttie /esu/ft obtalnedfrom experimental pedagogy
Thai do hoc tap bo mdn
(Tiip theo trang 39)
Tdi li^u tham k h i o
1 Nguyfin Vi$t B^c (chii bien) R i n luyfn nghidp vv
sir ph^m thudng xuyfin NXB Gido dpc, H 2007
2 Trin B^ Hoilnh T i n g quan tinh hinh ngbiCn cihi
p h u m ^ phdp d^y b9C dfi bpc d Vift Nam NXB Gitlo
di^c, H 1996
3 Ki ytfu hpi thio "Ndng cao ch^t lupng nghifp V(J
suphpm cho sinh viin cdc trudng dpi hpc suphpm"
Tnremg Dpi hpc suphpm Hd Ndi, 2010
4 Luf t G U o dpc NXB Chfnh tri quSc gia H 2005
SUMMARY
Students In universities, faculties of teacNng are required to be systematically equipped with knowledge In respect of reasoNng teachhg method and trained teaching skills and profession However,
posmveattltudelntoklnglnltlativetoshjdy.ttielrmlhd and awareness In practicing teaching skills and
txxed on practical sun/eying and assessing shjdents' attitude In studying teaching units and practicing teaching skills, the article proposes and analyzes a number of specific methods aiming to contribute in students off^llology Faculty of Hai Phong University