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THAI DO HOC TAP BO MON PHIfONG PHAP DAY HOC VA VIEC R^N LUYEN NGHIEP VU SIT PHAIVI CUA SINH VIEN KHOA NGirVAN TRUdNG DAI HOC HAI PHONG HIEN NAY O TS NGUYEN THI H I £ N " Hge tdp hpc phdn Phuong phdp d[.]
THAI DO HOC TAP BO MON PHIfONG PHAP DAY HOC VA VIEC R^N LUYEN NGHIEP VU SIT PHAIVI CUA SINH VIEN KHOA NGirVAN -TRUdNG DAI HOC HAI PHONG HIEN NAY O H ge tdp hpc phdn Phuong phdp dgy hgc (PPDH) vd ihvdng xuyen rdn luyfn d l hinh thdnh, phdt hlln cdc kr ndng (KN), nghifp vy su phpm (NVSP) Id ydu cdu edn thdt ddi vdi sinh ViSn sv phpm (SVSP), ddng thdi cOng td «||du chf hyc Hip quyll djnh hlfu qud vd chd't lupng ddo tgo (DT) gido vidn cuo cdc khoo, ede hvdng su phpm (SP) hifn Cd t h i hllu, thdi d f dd'l vdl vlfe hpc tdp cdc hgc phdn PPDHvd vlfe rdn luyfn NVSP eho SVSP td mdt trpng thdi ldm If sfin sdng hgc tdp vd vdn dyng ede kidn thue v l PPDH vdo vifc gidi quylt cdc Hnh hudng cua thyc l l dgy hgc (DH) d l thyc hifn hogt ddng DH dgt kit qud cao Quo thye t l gldng day vd hvdng dan SV hong cdc hopt ddng rdn luyfn NVSP d khoo Ngir vdn - Trudng OH Hdl Phdng cung nhv thyc t l DH NIgv vdncuo ede em sou 1^1 trudng, ehung tdl nhdn t h ^ ed nhilu vdn d l bdl cdp vd nhilu yeu td dnh hudng tdi kit qud hpc tdp, rdn luyfn cuo SV edn dupe xem xdt d l fim ro bifn phdp khdc phyc nhdm gdp phdn ddl mdi vd ndng coo chd't tupng cdo mdn hpc vd hopt ddng quan hpng ndy Trdn CO sd nhiJng Heu chf ddnh gid thdi dg hpc tdp mdn hgc eua SV, ndm hpc 20102011 chung tdl dd tidn hdnh khdo sdt / d SV Id ndm thd d i n ndm thu thudc cdc chuydn ngdnh: Ngv vdn, Vdn - Dio (d DHSP), Vdn - Cdng tdc E>dt K l i qud thu dupe nhu sou: 1) Vi nhdn th&c f nghTa, vai trd, mdc dd cin thiit cOa cdc hgc phin PPDH chuong trinh DT SVSP ngdnh Ngu vdn: cd 191 / SV (77,3%) ddnh gtd coo mdc edn thilt Clio vide hgc tdp cdc hge phdn PPDH (trong dd, d mi/e dp rd't cdn tht^t Id 27,9%); hjy nhldn, cung ed / SV (5,7%) eho rdng mdn hgc ndy «cd cung dupe md khdng cung dupe" Khi ^Mchi Slao due s6 (ki a • 7/aoia) TS N G U Y E N THI H I £ N " dvpc hdl ^ nghTo cuo vlfe hgc cdc hpc phdn ndy, phdn tdn SV d i u khdng djnh ddy Id nhCfng hpc phdn rd't cd y nghTa vi: glup bdn thdn ndm dupe nhung vd'n d l eo bdn, khoo hgc v l PPDH mdt mdn hgc chuydn ngdnh md minh dong nghidn cuu (27,1 %); ed co sd khoo hgc d l hiln khol vlfe DH cOa bdn thdn m^t cdch cd PP (23,5%); ndm dvpc nhung quy Irinh, bifn phdp cy t h i di vdn dyng vdo thye t l dgy hgc sou ndy d hvdng phd thdng (32,8%); hinh thdnh vd rdn luyfn dupe nhvng KNSP cy t h i vd edn thill cho qud Irinh DH (29,d%); Nhv vdy, da sd SV dd nhgn thuc dung dvpc vol hd vd sy cdn thilt phdi hgc vd ndm vvng cdc hi ihvc khoa hoe v l PPDH Idm CO sd cho vifc thyc hifn hogt ddng DH sou ndy cuo cdc em 2) Vi xOc edm, linh cam cua SV dii vdl vl$c hgc tdp cdc hgc phdn PPDH: 66,40% SV cd hvng ihO vdi ede hpc phdn ndy; 23,5% ft hvng thu; 7,3% khdng hvng Hid Mdt sd SV cho bllt If khiln hg edm thd'y «khdng ed hdng thO" hodc «il tho' hgc cdc hgc phdn PPDH Id: ndl dung dgy hgc cdn cd nhllu khdl nifm trOv h/png, thilu hdp don (37,3%); PP hinh bdy cuo gldng vidn (GV) cdn ndng vi thuylt h-lnh If thuyll, thilu minh hpo mfiu v l cdc PP, la ndng cy thi (33,7%); tdl lifu dgy hgc nghdo ndn vd thilu cdp nhdl mdi (24,1 %); Dllu ndy bdl ngudn h> nguydn nhdn: nhllu ndi dung DH v l PPDH cdc bd mdn hifn noy chvo thyc sy ddp vng nhu cdu ngudri hpc; gido hinh tdl lifu v l PPDH dd qud cu, dupe hSI l^dn nhilu Idn nhvng Ipl chvo cdp nhdt dvpc nhung thdnh h;u mdi cuo khoa hpc v l PPDH Nhllu GV tdn Idp eho y l u dyo vdo vdn hi thuc cu vd kinh nghlfm bdn thdn, ft chju cdp nhdt, ddi mdi *Traaag 091 life H^iPUag nhdt td vdn d l O'ng dyng, sv dyng cdng nghf thdng Hn vdo thyc t l DH cOo Isdn thdn ndn khd ed thi hudng dfin, giup SV thye hifn vifc ung dyng edng nghf thdng Hn vdo vifc DH 3) Vi hdnh vl bgc ft?p cdc hge phdn PPDH a) Nghe gidng: 8d% SV tdp trung vdo bdl hgc, cho y nghe gidng (muc d f «rd't chu y" chiim 32%); cdn khodng hon 20% SV «tbvdng xuydn khdng tdp hung" vdo bdi gldng thudng tdm mft sd cdng vifc khdc hong cdc gid hpc v l PPDH [nhu dpc gido trinh, dgc truyfn, Idm d l cuong cho cdc mdn hgc khdc); hodc «khdng hllu GV ndl gi", «eoi ddy chi td If thuylt sudng", mft mdi ndn khdng cd thu d l hpc b) Tham gia y kiin dixdy dvng bdi: muc d f eho dgng ndu y kiln, thom gla thdo tudn, honh ludn vdi GV, vdl bgn hgc Idp cOo SV hong cdc gid hpc v l PPDH rd't thdp (khodng 20%) vd khdng thudng xuydn c) Tv bgc 63,6% SV khdng cd thdi quen ho^c rd't it chju dpc gido hinh, Hm tdi lifu hvdc tdn tdp; khdng sogn gido dn vd Idm cdc bdi tdp v l phucmg phdp md GV gioo cho; hong cdc gid thyc hdnh, tdp gidng chf ed mdt sd' it nhihig SV chdm chf, h'ch eye tham gio Cd t h i khdng djnh rdng, phdn k5m SV dd cd thdi dp hpc tdp tuong dd'l h'ch eye, h/ gidc ddi vdl cdc hpc phdn PPDH D l ndng coo hlfu qud thyc t l cuo cdc hpc phdn ndy, mol G V cung nhu td bp mdn vd khoo cdn xdy dyng chvong trinh, d l evong DH vdi nhiJng ngl dung DH phO hpp vdl thyc l l DH d trudng phd thdng; cdn ihvdng xuydn cdp nhdt cdc trt thve hifn dgi, ddi mdl PP, hinh thve DH nhdm phdt huy tdl Hnh Heh eye, sdng lgo cOo ngvdl hgc khdng edn du ihdl gion vd khdng dupe thye hifn thudng xuydn Do vdy, vifc ndm kdn thdc khoa hpc v l PPDH cOo SV khdng ddy du; kr ndng (KN) hllu vd thyc hdnh cdc PP, cdc KNDH cuo cdc em ed nhilu hgn e h l , d^e blft Id h-ong dlln dgl, glao Hip, td chuc gid hgc, sv dyng cdc phuong Hfn, thilt bj DH hifn dgl; Dllu ndy dvpc thlhtfn rdt rd nhOng dgt kiln tgp, thye tdp SP eOo SV d cdc hvdng phd thdng Phdn k5m SV mdt chf dgt ydu cdu vOng v l chuydn mdn md chua gidl v | PP, KN, NVSP ndn chvo ddp dng dugc yiu cdu nghi nghlfp ndt ehung vd ehdl lupng DH mdn Ngi> vdn ndt rtdng d trvdng phd thdng Cd nhilu nguyin nhdn dfin d i n hpn c h i ndy: Nhilu SV td ro tlid a, thdm chi col nhp ede hgc phdn PPDH vd hogt ddng rdn luyfn NVSP vi dio rdng ddy chi td mft «nhdm mdn hgc vd KN" phy, cd Hnh chdl bd hp, khdng quy6 djnh hM chdt lupng vd Hdu chf ddnh gtd hinh d f chuydn mdn cda SV Ddy td dllu cdn xem xdl \gi, tir myc Hdu cy thi cue DTSP, Hdu chf ddnh gid chdl tupng DTSP Kiln thuc khoo hpc CO bdn, khoo hgc chuydn ngdnh Id nhOng Hduchibaohdm«hlnhddlayn^>l'' -nhdntdtryc Hip, quylt chnh ddl vdl chdt lupng DT nghi; - Quf thdi gion ddnh cho hogt dgng hge tdp vd r ^ luyfn KN, NVSP eo hep hong DT SV hf chinh quy iheo hf ihdng Hn chf, mdc du Id nhirng tigc phdn bdt bxidc nhung ede hge phdn v l rdn luyfn NVSP vd PPDH d td't cd cdc chuydn ngdnh deu bj co hep vl ihdt glan hpc tdp (gidm h> -2 Hn chl/hpc phdn); Qud hinh DH cdc hpc phdn PPDH vd rdn lu/^n NVSP cho SV cua eo sd DT vd d f l ngO cdc GV edn hgn d l l Hdu hit GV chuo ihyc sy chO trpng d ^ vifc khal ihdc cdc d^c dllm nghifp vy d ^ cdc hpc phdn chuydn ngdnh Cdn vlfe dpy chfnh cdc hpc phdn PRDH tgl vfin mong Knh «hdn ldm* - chf (diu hpng trang bj If thuy^ v l PP md col nhe thyc hdnh r ^ luyfn KN vdn dyng, su dyng cdc PP d / vdo thyc t l mdt bdl dpy, H^ dpy cy t h i hong mgt gtd hpc d hudng phd thdng Bdn cpnh dd, chucng hinh, k l hopch, eosd vdt chdt, kinh pht, phucvv hopt ddng rdn luyfn NVSP cOo GV vd SV hdu nhu khdng dupe cho ^, phd mdc eho GV vd SV ly nhgn thue, ty Idm Hien nay, vifc dgy nghi cho SV Ngif vdn d Trvdng DH IHdl Phdng vfin thvdng xuydn dupe eho hpng thdng quo nhieu hinh thue hopt ddng phong phu, gdp phdn khdng nhd vdo vlfe ndng cao chdt tupng cOo d f l ngu GV dpy NgU vdn d cdc trvdng phd thdng eua thdnh phd Tuy nhldn, hvdc ydu edu vd thyc t l DT theo hpc c h i tfn chf hifn noy, cung vdl nhllu mdn hgc chuydn ngdnh khde, cdc hge phdn PPDH khdc bj nit ngdn v l thdi lupng gldng day (tv -2 Hn chI/1 hgc phdn) Nhung nguydn nhdn thyc 1^ trdn cua vlec khiln cho khdng chi ede ndl dung DH vi PPDH bj DH ede hgc phdn v l PPDH vd rdn luyfn cdc KN, «cdt xen" md vifc thyc hdnh, rdn luyfn cdc kr NVSP cho SV Trudng DH Hdt Phdng dd ddt ro ndng dgy hge (KNDH) cuo mdn hpc ndy cOng mgl ydu cdu, gidi phdp cd'p ihl^t ve vlfe phdl tich Tap chifilaodue so (ki a - 7/aoia) eye ndng eoo nhdn thve, thai cuo cd ngudi dgy tfin ngvdl hpc; ddi mdi, cdp nhdt not dung DH cho phu hpp vdi thyc t l l n DH d nhd trudng phdthdng Ddtd: j ; pil vdi trudng vd khoa DT: - Khoa Ngu vdn cdn k i l n nghi, thom muu vd phd'l hpp vdl Hgl ddng DT nhd h u d n g rd sodt tgi tdng t h i chuong trinh DT m d l cdch chi Het D l thyc h i f n vifc rOt ngdn thdi tupng eho cdc mdn hgc theo h f thdng DT tfn cht, xdy d y n g khung chuong hinh DT cho SV cdc ngdnh SP, cdn ehu trpng tdi yeu edu hang bi nhCmg k i l n thve co bdn ed quon hf mdl i h l l t vdf chvong hinh phd thdng, cdt gidm bdt khd'l lupng kid'n thuc nhOng mdn hpc n^ng v l If thuyel; tdng thdi gion thyc hdnh eho cdc mon PPDH, NVSP nhdm tpo sy gdn k i t g l v o k i l n thvc li t h u y l l vdl rdn luyfn KN n g h i n g h l f p cOo SV E)dc b l f t , cdn ddnh ridng mpt hgc phdn hong chuong h'lnh DT G V NgCr vdn v l rdn luyfn KN, NVSP bd mdn (Vdn hge, Tling Vi$t, Ldm vdn) cho SV (thyc t l tdu ngldung ndy d d bj cdt b d , budc cdc GV phucmg phdp phdl h/ tdng ghdp vdo cdc hge phdn PPDH Vdn, PPDH tling V/f/, ); - Nhd trudng cdn Hep h^c Idng cudng ddu h; thdt tdt v l co sd vdt ehdl cho vide rdn luyfn K N , NVSP cuo SV t d l ed ede khoa SP; xdy dyng cdc phdng hgc b d mdn, phdng rdn tuydn nghlfp vy theo ddc trvng chuyen ngdnh DT vdl sy bj ddng b d , d d y du cdc phucmg Hdn, thilt bj cdn t h i l t ddp i/ng yeu cdu thyc hdnh, rdn luyfn nghidp vy cuo SV; - Nhd trudng vd cdc khoa cOng edn col trpng vd phdt huy tdt vol h d thye h d n h , thye nghidm cuo he thd'ng cdc trudng thyc hdnh SP cuo h v d n g , ddng thdi tdng cudng hon nua sy phdl hpp vdl cdc trudng p h d thdng cdng tac ihyc hdnh thyc tgp nhdm tgo d l l u kidn vd ndng coo hieu qud rdn n g h i cho SV h-ong cdc d p i thyc hdnh, TTSP 2) Dd'l vdl GV dgy cdc hgc phin PPDH: • Cdn ed sy ddl mdl h> nhdn thuc, coi vide epp nhdt cdc h-l thue Hdn Hen, l i i f n dgl v l gido dye hgc, li lugn vd PPDH td ydu cdu b d l bugc nhdm ddm bdo myc Hdu DH DH td h-ong bj nhiJng h-l thdc khoo hgc, h i f n d g l , hiJu dyng cho vlfe phdt h i l n n g h i cuo SV chv khdng chf dgy nhCmg hi thde kinh d l l n , hdn tdm md GV ed sdn Mud'n vdy, mol GV cdn phdi thyc sy tdm h u y l l vdl n g h i nghifp, khdng ngCrng h/ fim tdi, nghldn cvu ndng I IP Chi filao due so (ki a • z/aoia) coo k i l n thuc chuyen sdu; trau ddi KNDH vd ede NVSP khdc; col thyc t l day hpc cua t>dn thdn chinh Id «td'm guong", Id minh chung cho cdc PPDH, KNDH md minh dong eo gdng trang bj cho SV; Hch eye dd'l mdl cdc PPDH cuo bdn thdn, khdng ngdng ndng coo kf ndng su dyng cdc phuong Hfn kr thugt, thilt bj DH Hdn Hin hong qud hinh gldng dgy vd rdn luyfn thdnh thgo cdc KNDH; - Cdn cd sy phdi hgp ctidt chd vdl hudng phd thdng N l u mol GV vva tudn e d g d n g phd'n dd'u dgy td't cdc hgc phdn PPDH d hvdng, khoo SP vdo thdnh thgo vifc DH mdn NgQ vdn d THCS, THI=T thi h i f u qud vd sue hdp dfin cOa cdc bdl dpy v l phvong phdp, cdc K N , NVSP cdn rdn luyfn cho SV sd dupe ndng cao ro r f I Quo d d , GV cd d l l u klfn trang bj cho SV nhimg k i l n thuc cd chucmg hinh hge phd thdng md sou ndy cdc em phdl ddm nhlfm cung nhu nhifng PP, KN cy rtil md cdc em cd t h i sd dyng cho mSi ndl dung k i l n thue d d ; glup SV y thue dupe trdch n h l f m , nghTo vy cao quy cuo mgt GV tuong lal 3) Dii vdl SV: - Cdn nhgn thCrc dung ddn vd ddy hem v l vol hd, tdm quan hgng cOo hgc phdn PPDH vd vlec rfen luyfn cdc KN, NVSP hong qud hinh hgc tdp d khoo, hudng SP ddi vol vifc hinh thdnh, phdt Men toy n g h i eua bdn thdn hong tucmg b i ; ty xdy dyng ke hopch hge tdp, rfen luyfn cy t h i de cd the chO dgng, h'ch eye thom gio vdo cdc qud hinh tigc top, r ^ tuyen vd hong bj, h'ch tijy cho minh nhihig hi thuc Idioa hgc; phdt triln ddn cdc kr ndng, PPDH; - Ngodi cdc gid hgc chfnh khdo hen gidng dudng, SV cdn tudn cd gdng ty minh thye hifn vide r ^ luyfn (top sogn gido dn, viH bdng, thuylt trtnh, dpc d l l n edm, k l chuydn, ); h'ch eye thom gla vdo cdc hopt dpng cd Hnh chdt rfen luyfn KN vd NVSP d top, khoa, hudng nhv Hdl thi NVSP, thi v i l t vdn, thi soon gido dn; thom gio cdc cdu Igc hd mdn hgc, hdi nghj, sinh hoqrf diuydn d l ve ddi mdi PPDH d phd thdng, ve cdng tdc chO nhlfm tdp; - Chu ddng vd Hch eye hong vide ty fim hllu chuong hinh, tdl lifu thyc te DH dhudng phd ihdng; thudng xuySn xudng cdc hudng thyc hdnh cOa Trudng DH Hdi Phdng d l tim hllu v l ihye t l DH, dy g i d vd tham gio cdc hogt ddng ehuyin mdn vol h ^ ddng SP nhd hudng de hoc hdl, tfch luy kinh nghlfm vd hifn ihyc hdo, ndng coo ddn cdc PPDH, ede KN n g h i nghlfp dd dugc hong bi • (Xem Hep h-ang 54) Thanh cong nha't cua DA la da ihlefl k^duqic phi/ong an ca'o too may phat d l ^ n dung khf blogas, tiet kl^m vd dam W o cung ca'p dl^n ll§n tyc cho cdc h ^ gla dinh r'AL Soc^dMmt/ogos HS da Hm h l l u nguydn tdc cdu too, hopt ddng cuo h f thdng mdy phdt d i f n chpy bdng khf blogas vd thdy rdng: di su dpng blogas chpy mdy phdt d i f n , thudng phdl su dpng mdy phdt d i f n chpy xdng ho