Diu Thi Thu Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 175(15) 61 66 R E N L U Y E N N G H I E P V U SU" P H A M C H O S I N H V I E N T H O N G Q U A H O A T D O N G T R A I N G H I E M T H L T C T E N G H E N G H[.]
Diu Thi Thu Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 175(15): - 6 R E N L U Y E N N G H I E P V U SU" P H A M C H O S I N H V I E N THONG QUA H O A T DONG TRAI NGHIEM T H L T C TE N G H E NGHIEP Diu Thj Thu' Trudng Dgi hpc Suphgm - DH Thdi Nguyen TOM T A T Q cac truong su pham, hoat dgng trai nghiem thuc tl nghi nghiep \a hoat dgng giao due sinh vien dugc true tiip hoat dgng thyc tiln trudng thong dudi sy to chuc va hudng dan giio vien, qua tfch liiy kien thftc, hinh ky ning va boi duong tinh cam nghe nghiep, timg budc hoan thien nhan each ngudi giao vien tucmg lai To chftc co hiSu qua hoat dgng trai nghiem thuc te nghe nghigp cho sinh vi6n li mgt Irong nhihig bien phap chu yeu nham ren luyen nghiep vu su phgm cho sinh vien, gop phin nang cao chat lugng dao tao giao vien Tir khoa: Hoat dgng; trdi nghiem; hogt dgng trdi nghiem; thifc te; nghe nghiip DAT VAN DE N O l DUNG Ren luyen nghiep vu su pham (NVSP) lii lam cdng viec chuyen mdn eua nghe day hge, hay ndi cich khae, ren luyen N V S P la luyen tap thudng xuyen qua thyc te de thyc cflng viec chuyen mdn cua nghe day hgc Trong q u i trinh day hgc, ren luyen N V S P la phuang p h i p td chuc cho sinh vien (SV) su pham the nghiem nhan each nha giao thfing qua cae hogt dgng, c i c mdi quan he da dang eua euge sfing hgc dudng, cude sdng thye tien efta nghe day hpe, Ddi vdi mol SV, hogt dfing ren luyen NVSP la qua trinh thyc hanh mfit cich ed he thong eae ky nang su phgm tren e o sd cung eo, md rgng, khai thac sau nhftng tri thfte v l chuyen mon nghiep vu, nang eao tinh than trach nhiem va boi dudng tinh cam nghe nghiep d trudng su pham, viec ren luyen NVSP cho SV duge thyc hien thfing qua nhieu dudng k h i c nhau, dd dac biet la hogt dgng trai nghiem thyc te nghe nghiep Hoat dpng trai nghiem thue te nghe nghiep la hogt dpng giao dye tftng SV duge true tiip hogt dgng thuc tien nha trudng hogc xa hpi dudi s y hudng dan va td chue eiia nha giao dye, qua dd tich luy kien thftc, hinh k j nang va bdi dudng tinh cam n g h i nghiep, tftng budc hoan thien nhan each ngudi giao vi6n t u o n g lai dap ftng yeu ciiu doi mdi g i i o due thong [4], Y nghia, tam quan ciia hoat dong trai nghiem tbyc te nghe nghiep doi vdi vi^c ren luyen NVSP cho S V Tel: 0915462446; Email dauthusp@gmail.com Tham gia hogt dgng trai nghiem thyc te nghe nghiep, SV dugc lam quen vdi e i c cfing viee cua ngu'di giio vien, dupe true tiep hogt dfing thye tien cae trudng thdng, trudng mam non dudi sy huong dan va td chuc cua nha giio dye, qua dd tich luy kien thfte NVSP (kiln thftc ve Tam ly hge, Giao dye hgc, khoa hgc chuyen ngitnh, phuong phap dgy hgc bg mdn ), hinh ky nang (KN) su pham (KN dgy hgc; KN giio dye; KN to chftc cae boat dpng day hge va giao dye; KN phat Uien chuong trmh; KN hge tap ngoai ngft, tin hgc ), he thfing kinh nghiem ve hogt dpng su phgm (kinh nghiSm lam cfing t i c giao dye, day hgc ) va h? thdng chuan myc quy dinh thai ddi vdi nghe (long yeu nghe, yeu tre, ly tudng dao tgo the he tre ) N h u vay, boat dOng trai nghiem thuc te nghe nghiep se kich thich SV suy nghT, dgt cau hfii, niy sinh y tudng mdi, tren co sd kien thftc dugc trang bj tu trudng su phgm vito thye tien giang day, quan ly, giao due d c i c trudng phd thdng, tft hinh ky nang, nang luc giii quylt c i c van de thye tien boat dgng giao due, dong thdi phit huy kha nang sang tgo ciia sinh vien qua trinh hge tap tai trudng, sin siing dap ftng nhiem vy sau trudng Dau Thi Thu Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHfi Trong trai nghiem, SV dupe huy dpng toan dien tri tue, cam xuc, the chit, ky nang va eac quan he xa h^i, dugc tham gia tich eye vao cae cdng viec thye te efta ngudi giao vien nhu: lam cfing tac giao vien ehu nhiem ldp, giang dgy, tfl chftc eae boat dfing ngogi khoa cho hge sinh nham tiing bude hoan thien nhan each ngudi giio vien tuang lai Cac hoat dong trai nghiem thyc te nghe nghiep c6 vai trd quan trgng viec ren Iuy£n NVSP cho SV Viec ren luy?n NVSP cho SV dupe thyc hien thdng qua nhifiu hoat ddng trii nghiSm thyc tl nghe nghiep khic nhau, dd die biet li eac hogt dpng sau: Thuc hdnh suphgm Thye hanh la hogt ddng ip dung mdt cich sang tao kien thfte ly thuyet da cd de thyc hien mpt cfing viec cu the Khi cfing viec dgt duge ket qua tdt thi ngudi lim viee se phat trien thao tay nghe Thyc hinh su pham d trudng su pham du'pc tfi chftc dudi hinh thftc mon hge, thye hien theo nhdm (tft 10 den 15 sinh vien) Trong thyc hinh su pham, dudi sy td chftc va dieu khifin cua giang vien, SV ap dung nhftng kien thuc ly thuyet vl chuyen mdn vi su pham vao viec ren luyen cae ky nang su phgm eho ban than Thuc te chuyen mon Thye te chuyen mfin la hogt dpng van dyng kien thftc mfln hpc vao thyc te giio due ciia eae hgc phan ed lien quan den giao due phfl thdng SV tiip xue vdi thue te giio dye phfi thfing vdi vai trd cua ngudi giao vien, quan sat trudng hpc, ldp hgc, cae hogt ddng eua giio vien va hge sinh, giao tiep vdi giio vien va hgc sinh, van dyng nhftng kien thfte ciia mfin hge vao thye te giio due, nghien cftu tam ly hge sinh, hpc hdi kinh nghiem efta giio vien, tap xft ly cie tinh huong su phgm, hilu dugc chftc ning, nhiem vy cua ngudi giao vien, npi dung edng viec giang day va chu nhiem Idp ciia ngudi giao vien Qua thyc te mon hge, SV duge cung cd tri thftc, hinh 62 175(15); 61-66 kf nang su phgm va boi dudng linh' cam nghe nghiep Thuc tap suphgm Thyc tap su phgm lit hinh thfte to chftc dua SV den cie trudng phd thflng de tap lam cac cfing viec efta mgt giio vien thdi gian nhat dinh Thyc tap su phgm la hogt dgng giao dye dac thu ciia eac trudng su phgm nhim hinh thanh, phit trien pham chat vji nang lyc can thiet ciia nha giio cho giao sinh theo myc tieu dao tao da de Thong qua thue tap su pham, SV dugc tiep xiie thye tl, tim hieu thue te giao due, phat huy tinh tieh eye, chft dgng sing tao cua ban than, nam vftng cac chftc nang, nhiSm vy, quyen han cua ngudi giio vien; ddng thdi, SV cdn dupe tao dieu kien true tiep tham gia mpt sd hogt dgng day hgc va giao dye irong truong thyc tap, van dung nhung kien thftc di hgc vi thyc te cong tie chu nhiem Idp, cong tie giing day, tft dd hinh thinh va ning cao nang luc su phgm, y thfte, tinh cam nghe nghiep cua biin than Quy trinh to chftc hoat dgng trai nghiem thnc te nghe nghiep cho SV Hoat ddng trii nghiem thyc te nghi nghiep ciia SV duge thuc hien d truong su phgm, truong phd thdng vi eic co sd giio due khic, vdi cae hinh thft'c khae nhu: ihyc hanh su phgm, thyc tS chuyen mfln, thyc tap su phgm Moi dgng hoat d^ng co dac diem rieng, ndi dung rieng va vi Ihl eo quy trinh thyc hien rieng Tuy nhien cic hoat dgng niy deu hudng tdi thye hien myc tieu ehung la nham giup sinh vien lmh hgi va cung efl kien thftc su pham, ren ky nang su pham, bdi dudng thai dp, tinh cim nghi nghiep nham tftng budc hoitn thien nhan each ngudi giao vien tuong lai Theo quan dilm hoat dgng, can eft vao myc tieu, ngi dung, phuang phap, hinh thftc, td chuc hoat dgng trai nghiem thye tl nghe nghiep, ehftng toi neu quy trinh to chftc mdt hogt dOng trii nghi?rn thyc te nghe nghiep g^m khau nhu sau: Dau Thi Thu Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE - Khau 1, Thiet ke chuong trinh, ke hogch tfl chftc hoat ddng trai nghiem thyc te nghe nghiep nham djnh hudng hogt dgng hge tap va ren luyen eua sinh vien Npi dung chuong trinh tfl chftc hogt dgng trai nghiem thye te nghe nghiep phai dugc the hien chuong trinh diio tao eua toin klida hpc (nien giim va cic van ban hudng dan cu the); ehi ro sau thyc hien boat dpng ngudi hgc can phai co duge nhftng kien thu'c, kT nang, thii dp, nang Iyc gi vit lam the nao de dat dupe dieu dd Cic tai lifiu can dugc gidi thieu eho sinh vien tft mdi nhgp trudng giiip sinh vien chu dgng ve lam the va lap ke hoach hgc tap, ren luyen phu hgp eho ban than Dfii vdi eac mdn thyc hanh su pham, de cuong chi tiet mfln hgc phai dupe thiet ke theo hudng chii trgng ren ky nang nghe nghiep cho sinh vien, xac dinh ro eac muc tieu (kien thiic, ky nang, thai do) ngu'di hoe can dat duge sau hge, the hien dugc cac mftc dp ciia muc tieu theo thang nhgn thftc ciia Bloom Cac mdn hpe cd ndi dung thyc te chuyen mdn can the hien ro sd tiet thye te, ndi dung thyc te, yeu cau thye te va cac san phim can phai CO sau thye te Doi vdi thue tap su pham, can cd van ban quy dinh cu the ve muc tieu, ndi dung, thdi lugng danh eho thyc tap su pham, nhiem vu va quyen han cua sinh vien di thyc lap su pham, quy djnh ve danh gia thyc tap su pham, - Khau 2: Lam sinh nhu cau nhgn thu'c d SV, kich thich dpng co, thii hge tap tich eye tgo eho SV thyc sy trd ehu the nhan thue Hogt dgng hgc la hoat ddng nhan thftc tich eye, chii ddng vit sing tao eua hgc sinh nham chiem ITnh tri thfte khoa hgc va hlnh ky nang, nang lyc mdi de tao su phat trien tam ly, nhan each cua chu the hge tap Hoat dgng hoe tap ludn cd ddng ca eua nd, ddng eo hge tap la eii thftc diy hogt dgng hgc tap xay ra, Trong qua trinh hpc tap, cd nhieu ddng eo 175(15): 61-66 khic dirge hinh d hpc sinh Cic nha tam ly hgc thudng phan eac dflng co hpc tap hai loai: dgng eo hoiin thien tri thftc (dpng CO ben trong) va dpng co quan he xa hpi (dgng ca ben ngoai) Trong dd, dfing co hoan thien tri tiifte la tdi uu theo quan diem su pham De hinh dpng ca hoin thien tri thftc cho SV, giang vien can phii lam sinh nhu eau nhan thu'c ciia hg doi vdi tri thfte khoa hgc, phii lam eho nhu cau eua hg gan lien vdi muc dich, qua trinh hay ket qui hgc tap; cin linh hoat, sing tao ftong viec td chftc cho SV ty lim kiem va kham pha tri thu'c mdi - Khau 3: Td chftc co hieu qua boat ddng nhan thuc cua SV, giup SV ITnh hdi dugc nhftng tri thftc NVSP eo ban dinh hudng cho viec ren ky nang Bat cft ky nang nao cung phai dua tren ca sd ly thuyet - kien thfte bdi vi xuat phat tft cau true cua ky nang (phai hieu myc dich, biet each thue di den ket qua vi hieu nhung dieu kien cin thiet de trien khai each thfte dd) Thong qua cie mfin thue hanh su phgm va thye tS mon hpe, giang vien giup eho SV cung cfi tri thu'c da hge tft khdi kien thftc giio due dai cuang (kien thfte co ban ve Tim ly hpc, Giio dye hoc.,,), kien thftc chuyen nganh (kiln thftc khoa hge dae thu, phuong phip giing day bg mdn ) lam co sd van dung de hinh eac ky nang su pham (KN dien thuyet; KN xft ly tinh hufing su pham; KN tfi chu'c hpi nghi, hpi thio, sy kien; KN thiet ke va to chuc cic hogt ddng Doan, Dgi; KN trinh bay bing, bang phu, giay Ao; KN soan thio van ban hanh chinh; KN thiet kfi va sft dyng phuang tien dgy hoc, KN dgy hgc, KN giao due, ) - Khau 4: Tfl chftc cho SV ren ky nang su pham Khau niy co the thyc hien theo budc sau: -I- Budc 1, Xae dinh eac boat dgng (hanh dgng va thao tie) eu the de dat myc tieu; thiet ke thinh eac boat dgng hoac chuoi thao tac tuong thich vdi logic cua ndi dung hogt dgng Dau Thi Thu Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHfi Khau lya chgn hoat ddng rat quan trpng, nd dgt CO sd cho viee thiet ke eae hanh dfing phan Khi lya chgn, can can eft vao myc lieu giao dye efta hoat ddng la gi, cin hinh d sinh vien kien thftc, kT nang, thil do, nang lyc gi Khi da lya chgn dugc ndi dung hoat dflng roi thi can eft vao ndi dung ay ma lya ehgn phuang phip va hlnh thftc td chftc hoat dgng eho phil hpp (vi ngi dung va phuang phap ed lien he bien ehftng vdi nhau) + Budc 2: Tap huin cho SV Can to chftc tap huin cho SV trudc SV di thye te mdn hge, thye tip su phgm d cac trudng mam non, phd thflng giup hg co nhung hieu biet eo ban ve nha trudng, ve hgc sinh va nhftng cflng viee eu the minh can phai liim, du kien trude cae tinh huflng cd the xiy va phuong an xft ly phu hgp , dong thdi cd cae ky nang va thai dp tu'Ong ftng -I- Budc 3: Hudng din vi thuc hien mau mgt sd hanh dpng, thao tic co bin Thye ehit cua viec hinh ky nang la hinh cho hgc sinh nam virng mgt he thong cic thao tic nham liim sing to nhftng thflng tin nhiem 'vy va ddi chieu ehiing vdi nhu'ng liiinli ddng eu the Bude quan trpng nhit quylt dinh sy thinh bai eua hogt dgng Thdng qua viee thye hien chudi hanh dgng, thao tie hge (ke ca cic thao tic vat ehat vit thao tic tinh thin), SV se ty khim phi, kien tao, ciing eo tri thfte, ky nang, hinh thinh va phit trien nang lye cho minh mpt cich tich eye, chii ddng va sing tgo + Budc 4: Tfi chftc cho SV thyc hien eic hanh dpng, thao tie ren ky nang (3 bu'dc nay, giang vien can va to ehu'c eho SV ren luyen ky nang theo dung quy trinh - Khau 5: Dieu khien, dieu ehinh eic boat ddng cua sinh vien cho dung muc dieh, yeu eau Doi vdi cic mfin thyc hanh tren ldp, qua trinh ren kf nang, giang vifin can bao quit ldp hgc, CO the chia ldp hge thiinh cac nhdm nhd, phan cdng nhdm trudng, thu ky, hudng din each thyc hanh, chi ro nhung yeu cau can dat 64 175(15): 61-66 dugc thudng xuyen giim sat va dieu khien hoat dgng eua nhdm sinh vien, tft dd cd sy dilu chinh phu hgp theo tftng nhfim Ddi vdi thyc te mfin hgc, thyc tap su phgm d cae trudng phfi thflng, giang vien can tang cudng tham ldp, dy gid sinh vien; ehii dgng phdi hpp chgt che vdi giio vien phd thong nim bit tmh sinh vien, tu dd ed bien phip dieu chinh kjp thdi - Khau Kiem tra, danh gia vit nit kinh nghiem hogt dpng; khen thudng hoac phe binh (neu cd) Vol thyc hanh su phgm, kit thiic tftng noi dung, giing vien td chftc kiem tra, dinh gia kit qua thye hanh ren ky nang ciia cac nhom tren co sd huy dflng sy ty kiem tra, tu danh gia ciia tftng SV va sy danh gii cheo gifta cac nhdm Sau dd, giang vien tfl chuc cho SV nil kinh nghiem kjp thdi Can td chftc co hieu qui Hgi nghj tflng ket thye tap su phgm nham dinh gia nhu'ng thuan lgi, khd khan, ket qua dat dugc, hgn che, yeu kem, dgc biet luu y nhftng nhan xet, danh gia eua giao vien vi Ban giam hieu trudng phfl thdng, ngudi phuc vu, hge sinh (gan ly thuyet va thye tien), tir d6 riit kinh nghi8m ve toan bfl cac khau frong qui trinh td chftc thyc tap su pham eho SV; khen thudng nhung SV dat tieh cao hgc tap va ren luyen NVSP, Tdm lai, de td chftc cd hieu qua hoat dgng trai nghiem thyc te nghe nghiep eho SV cin pliai thuc hien theo quy trinh gflm khau neu tren, Sau thyc hien du kliau, can dinh gia hogt dgng efta SV (thdng qua phieu hdi hgc sinh, giao vien, lanh dgo trudng, cin bfi phuc vu, ), til' dd riit kinh nghiem cho tftng sinh vien ndi rieng va trudng su pliam noi chung KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI Ket luan Hoat ddng trai nghiem thyc te nghe nghiep (thyc hanh su pham, thyc te chuyen mon, thuc tap su pham) la dudng die bi6t quan trpng va ed y nghTa quyet djnh viec ren luyen NVSP eho SV, vi vay cac Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHfi trudng su phgm can to chftc tot hogt dgng niiy nham tftng budc nang eao chat lugng dao tao giao vien dip ftng yeu cau ddi mdi giio due thong Kien nghi - Cac trudng Dgi hge Su phgm can phai chu trgng phat trien chuang trinh dao tao dam bio cho SV ed von kien thue chuyen nginh chae chin, hieu biet ve mfin hgc diy du va sau sic, dfing thdi c6 ky nang su pham nham giai quyet mfit each tfit nhat cic nhiem vu giang dgy va giao dye phd thdng; tgo mfli trudng "thuan su phgm" dao tgo, biin nhung cugc thi nghiip vy su pham nhftng dien dan ren nghe; xay dung dugc he thong eo sd thyc hanh vdi dfli ngQ giao vien vit dieu kien ca sd vat chat trang thiet bj, phuong tien kT thugt cin thifit de phuc vu day- hgc, dip ftng yeu cau dao tgo va ren luy?n NVSP cho SV cin to chftc nhftng chuyin nghien cftu thyc te eua giang vien su phgm tdi cac trudng phfi thdng noi sinh vien dang thyc tap nghe de dy gid, danh gia, tft c6 cai nhin toan dien ve kha ning thich ftng eiia SV d mfii trudng phfi thdng Cie trudng Dgi hge Su phgm can ed sy lien kit, hgp tie, chia se, ftao ddi vdi dao tgo nhim phat huy sftc manh tdng hgp cua cae co sd dao lao giao vien, chia se mfl hinh, chuong trinh diio tao, kinh nghiem tfl chftc, quan ly dao tgo, trao dfii giang vien, sinh vien, ngufin hgc lieu [2] - Trudng su pham ein chft ddng phoi hgp thudng xuyen vdi cac trudng phd thflng thflng qua nhilu hinh thftc khae nhu: mdi giio 175(15): - 6 vien phd thdng tham gia xay dyng chuan dau ra, tham gia xay dyng va phat trien chuang trinh dao tao, bio cao chuyen de, giang dgy mgt sd tiet ehuang trinh, khio sit hien trgng SV tot nghiep dap ftng yeu ciu chuan dau - Cic tnrdng phd thdng can eoi viec hudng dan SV thyc tl mdn hpc, thue tap su phgm la nghTa vy tham gia vao qua trinh dao tgo giio vien; tgo dilu kien cho SV phit huy tinh than sang tgo qua trinh trii nghiem thuc te nghe nghiep ren luyen NVSP [1] - Ban than SV cin nang cao nhan thftc ve y nghTa, tim quan trpng ciia viec ren luyen NVSP, tft d6 ehu ddng, tich eye tham gia cac hoat dgng trai nghiem thyc te nghe nghiep de ren luyen NVSP, dip ftng yeu eau dfli mdi giao dye giai doan hien TAI LTEU THAM KHAO Ban Chip hanh Trung ucmg Dang Cgng san Viet Nam (2013), Nghf quyit Hoi nghi Trung uang VIII khoa XI "Vi Bdi mat cdn bdn, todn diin gido d\tc vd ddo tao ddp ung yeu cdu cdng nghiep hoa, hiin dai hoa dieu kiin kinh ti thi tru&ng dinh huang xd hgi chii nghia vd hoi nhdp quoc ti" Pham Hong Quang (2013), Phdt triin chuang trinh ddo too gido vien - nhicng vdn di ly ludn vd thicc tiin, Nxb Dai hgc Thai Nguyen Quoc hgi (2012), Lugt Gido due dai hgc (QuSc hgi nuac Cgng hda xd hgi chit nghia Viel Nam khdaXllI, ky hop thd Ihdng qua ngdy 18 thdng ndm 2012) Thu tudng Chinh phu (2015), Bi dn doi mdi chuang trinh, sdch gido khoa gido due phd thong (Ban hdnh kem theo Quyit dinh sd 404/QB-TTg ngdy 27/3/2015) Tap chi KHOA HQC & C N G NGHfi 175(15): 61 - 66 SUMMARY TRAINING P E D A G O G I C A L P R O F E S S I O N FOR S T U D E N T S T H R O U G H R E A L PROFESSIONAL A C T I V I T Y E X P E R I E N C E Dau Thi Thu* TNU University ofEducation At universities of education, real professional activity experience is an educational activity in which students are directly involved in practical activities in high school by the organization and guidance of teachers Through that students accumulate knowledge, form skills and foster professional feelings, gradually improve the personality of the future teacher Effective organization of real professional experience for students is one ofthe main measures to train the pedagogical profession for students, contributing to improve the quality of teacher training Keywords: Activities; experience; activity experience; reality; job Ngdy nh^n bdi: 16/10/2017; Ngdyp/idn biin:29/ll/2017; Ngdy duyit ddng: 29/12/2017 Tel 0915462446; Email: dauthusp@gmail.com 66 ... hoat dong trai nghiem thyc te nghe nghiep c6 vai trd quan trgng viec ren Iuy£n NVSP cho SV Viec ren luy?n NVSP cho SV dupe thyc hien thdng qua nhifiu hoat ddng trii nghiSm thyc tl nghe nghiep... dpng co quan he xa hpi (dgng ca ben ngoai) Trong dd, dfing co hoan thien tri tiifte la tdi uu theo quan diem su pham De hinh dpng ca hoin thien tri thftc cho SV, giang vien can phii lam sinh nhu... phan ed lien quan den giao due phfl thdng SV tiip xue vdi thue te giio dye phfi thfing vdi vai trd cua ngudi giao vien, quan sat trudng hpc, ldp hgc, cae hogt ddng eua giio vien va hge sinh, giao