REN LUYEN NGHIEP VU Sif PHAM CUA GIAO VIEN TIEU HOG T H O N G Q U A L A M CHUYEN DE DAY HOC TS TRAN DJNH THUAN PHAN SAC L O N g m Abstract The analysis Is about pedagogical training for primary school[.]
REN LUYEN NGHIEP VU Sif PHAM CUA GIAO VIEN TIEU HOG THONG QUA LAM CHUYEN DE DAY HOC TS TRAN DJNH T H U A N - P H A N SAC L O N g m Abstract: The analysis Is about pedagogical training for primary school teachers through them^ leaching work Train pedagogical thematic deuelopmenl is on trach, contribute to improving M capacity of teachers in the current situation Keywords: Practise; pedagogic; primary teacher; thematic Ngdy nhdn: 28/03/2016; ngdy sua chiia: 14/04/2016; ngdy duy^t dang: 14/04/2016 I.Mddau 1.1 Chuong trinh Dam bao chat lugng giao due/r[r£)nfir/?pc(SEQAP)cuaBdGD-DTIa chuong trinh cua Chinh phu giai doan 2010-2016 nh§m muc dich nang cao ehat Iupng giao dye tieu hpc thdng qua viee ehuyen doi sang day hpe (DH) ca (FDS) b^ng chinh sach h5trp hoc sinh (HS)vanha trudng Theo do, nhiem vu tang cudng nang lu'c giao vien (G V} va can bd quan li (CBQL) giao due dupc quan tam dung muc nham cai thien nguon nhan lire eho qua trinh chuye'n dd'i sang FDS eong tai cac tinh mgc tieu cua Chuong trinh Theo bao cao cua eac tinh cho thay, so H S tieu hpc cac trudng tieu hpc SEQAP khoang 650._000,trong khoang 43% HS ngudi dan tpc thieu so; td'ng soG V vaCBQL lam viec caetafdng khoang40.000 ngudi (khoang 10% tong so GV, CBQL tie'u hpc toan quoc) Macdu Chuong frinh mdi thuc hien khoang nam.song SEQAP datrienkhaimpt khoi Iupng dang kedaythamvpngvdinhieu hoatddng "phan cflng"ve daotao-boidudngdpingunhagiaovaCBQLgiao due tieu hpc cua 36 tinh thupc Chuong trinh Cung vdi cac khoa dao tao ngln han cho hPn 100 G V cot can dan tdccuacaethfltieng:H'Mdng,J'rai,ChamvaKh'mer; gui di dao tao dflpc9thacsT Quan ligiaoducva Kiem tra - danh gia d nudc ngoai; nang eao nang luc cho tren 200 G V tieng Anh tie'u hpc; dao tao thi diem gan 50 giao vien tieu hpc (GVTH) day tin hoc; boi dudng nang cao trinh dd cho gan 150 GV Am nhac, MT thuat va The due - Cong tac Dpi; SEQAP cung da trien khai 19 module ve phuong phap kTthuat DH theo quan diem tich cue hoa hoat dpng hpc tap cua HS chuyen dd'i sang FDS; cac ndi dung, each thflc to ehflc hoat dpng giao dgc ngoai gid len lop va hoatddng trai nghiem sang tao choGV;lap kehoach FDS, hfldng dan hoat ddng su pham; doi mcs sinh hoat chuyen mdn, quan li cac quy tnj'dng hpc cho hieu trudng, ke toan cac cap quan ligiao due /.2 Theo chuan nghenghiep GVTH va dap ung vffl nhflng yeu cau mdi hien thithue luc supham ciJa GVTH van cdn khoang each khdng nho Vivay, SEQAP manh dan danh suquan tam dac biet den thuc trang rat dang nghe va ghi nhSn nghiem tuc han nhCffig ye'u kem eua GV eung nhu tac dpng chi/a may hieu quatrong chuong trinh boi dudng hp,nhini phat hien sau sat hPn van devdi mong muon tich cue cai thien tflng budc, hieu qua va nang cao nang li|c thgc SLTcho G V Thdng qua phieu tra ldi khao sat ciia 257GV vaCBQLeija2 tinh khu vuc Tay Nguyen;2 tinh khu vt/c mien nui phia B i c va tinh Dong bang song Cuu Long tham gia SEQAP cho tha'y nhutig phathien dang ghi nhan dd la: - He thong cae phfldng phap kTthuat DH (JtftJo cung cap, cap nhat thfldng xuyen cung chlddEing tiem luc; van de la lua ehpn sudung nhuth§'naotrofi| DH cac dd'i tupng HS (eae vung mien khac nhaujl' Dieu ddphuthupcvao frinh dp kTnang supham dt/* ren rua, tich luy va khong ngimg doi mdi, dapflnglinli hoatvadadang - Tai nhieu nai, nhieu trudngton tai kha b l GV khdng hieu het ndi dung ket cau, he thong m thfle eua mdn hpc, cap hoe den tflng tiet hpc, bai hoc dethietkebai day vatochfle khoa hpc hoat dpng hoc tap cho HS Dd co le la ye'u kem cd tinh he thong xuyen sudt -Hoatdpngsinh hoat chuyen mon cdn marig nang hinh thfle thi dua, it phat huy hieu qua, chat li/cmg chuyen mdn ehua di vao ehieu sau, vi sinh l^o^^chiwb^, mon thutjng chi dflng lai d mpt tiet day; kinh n g ^ W friu dupc cdii rdi rac, pham vi anh hfldng k h i v a ^ n d ^ han che, neu keo dai tinh trang thi se dan iW nhamchan,dandieu * * Bo Giao diic va 6ao tao 201 Tap chi Gido due so 381 (kl - 5/201S) - Mpt sd hoat ddng chuyen mdn khac cung dat GV tn/dc nhflng ap li/c nang ne bude phai dd'i phd nhu: qua taiviffi nhung detai "sang kien kinh nghiem" hoaequasiicvdlcac"nghiencuu khoa hpe ung dung" chang di de'n dau 7.3,Trong each hieu va xay dung chuyen de (CD) lau nay, ngoai mdt sdCD ung dung Bd trien khai xudng va nhieu CO mang tmh chat "sang kie'n kinh nghiem",GVcactruang phothdng ndi ehung va cap tieu hpe ndi rieng van edn nang ne vdl nhung CD nang eao dedayHSgidi,machuathi/c suquan tam den chat Iupng dai tra vdi cai gde la dat ehuan kie'n thflc va kTnang theo quy dinh Tflnhflng li tren day, SEQAP ehpn CD b&ng each khai thac tn/c tiep ndi dung chuang trinh DH hien hanh gan vdi trien khai ren luyen nghiep vu su pham (NVSPjcho GV Ren luyen NVSP theo CD la su phat trien dung hudng, gdp phan nang cao nang luc GV tinh hinh hien Cach tiep can khai thac CD Cach tiep can khai thac CD cua SEQAP bao gom tflviee chon CD, viec sudung cac thao tac, tu kT thuat de nghien cflu CD, cac kl nang Sfl pham van dgrig phuong phap kTthuat DH de thiet ke DH hieu qua Dd la qua trinh khoa hpe di lien vdi cdng nghe DH, g i n yeu eau phattrie'n nang lue vdl ren luygn NVSP eua GV 2.1.Ve ngi dung Khac vdi each lam CD thdng thudng neu tren (viec tim kie'm CD bat dau b i n g y tudng cu the, rieng le nap dd, thfldng la xuat phat tfl yeu eau phaied "sang kie'n kinh nghiem" hoac mdtde tai nghien cuu "khoa hpc s u pham iJng dung" , SEQAP djnh hisang khai thae cac CD tn/c tiep hd thd'ng bai hpc thudc chuang trinh hien hanh cua cap hpc.ttieo each phan hoach (theo chieu ngang) hoac lien ke't (theo chieu dpc) ndi dung chuang trinh mdn hpc theo mdtmaeh kie'n thfle, kTnang nao dd, de cdcac CD CD ehpn chuang trinh mdn hpe la CD eo ban, laCD gdc(CD cuacac CD),tflddnhaquan lied ttie phan chia CD cae "CD ttianh phan" khac, nhu la "de tai nghien cflu khoa hpc" hoac "sang kien kinh nghiem" DH eu ttie Dieu quan trpng la ehpn CD cho dung vatnjn^ se phathuy cac gia tri tang eudng nang lue can ttiiet cua GV 2.2.Ve phuang phap SEQAP quan niem ren luyen NVSP theo CD chinh la each phattrien nang lue b i n g ttii/e Iflc eua G V hieu qua nhait Ren luyen NVSP theo CD la qua trinh su pham, qua dd GV s u dgng cac ye'u to nang luc s u pham , (kil-5/2016) hien cd (dang thuc li/c) thdng qua cae thao tac kT thuattieh cue de nghien cuu, phan tich ndi dung DH (kien thfle, kT nang bai hpc) dong thdi vdi viee lfla ehpn, siidung td'i uu phuang phap kTthuat DH phu hop vdi dd'i tupng ttieo vung m ien va dac die'm tri tue cua HS, gpi la ren luyen NVSP vdi CD Ngupc lai, chinh hoatddng lai tang cudng, nang cao nang luc supham cho GV Trong qua trinh nay, kinh nghiem nghe nghiep (kinh nphiem supham) la yeu to cd vai frdquanfrpng, ttiuc daysuphatfriCTi nang luc nghenghiep nhu pham chat, kie'n thflc, kTnang quy dinh eliuan GVTH Cac y^uid /ot su pham Huy (Jong I „ Phat tnen/ hoan thifin thuc lUi: nanq life NSng IUc ui tue Manq lu'c tri tug Kinang Kien thifc Kinang SI/pham sU ptiam KinSng, phUdng Kinh ngtiiem Kinfi nghiem su pham phap str pham tjgnbgn la'lhuSt DH Ptiam chit PhSm chit sK pham sir pham La CO hdi ren luyen NVSP,ben canh kie'n thfle, tri luc, CD dac biet quan tam den viee hoan ttiien kTnang thieike'DH linh hoatda dang vatochfle HS hoatddng hpe tap tich cue, hieu qua tren ca sd hettiong kTnang supham can thiet, dong thdi n§m vflng, lua ehpn linh hoat cac phuong phap kTttiuat DH tiem nang OaylahoatdpngDH the nghiem cac tietday mdi CD dam bao ehat Iupng, hieu qua ttiuc su 2.3 Cach thilc: - Cd the theo nhieu each thflc khac SEQAP da chi dao ren luyen NVSP CD theo hai phuang tti flc |a lam CD mdi va lam mdi CO Theo ddmoi nhom, mdi G V cdttiesfldgng san pha'm mdt CD bang each tim tdi, phat hien, bd'sung npi dung khoa hpc, thiet keDH linh hoat sat vdidoi tuong HS ldp minh,tnr(^g minh tranh may m6c,xacflng DH; - Ren luyen NVSP CO tflng bude chuyen chu the hoat ddng vdi quy md ban dau la cua tap ttie GV (nhdm, td'ehuyen mdn, } den mfle hoan thien ttianh kTnang cua ttJngGVdehpchu dpng thich ung vdi mdi tmdng su pham mdtrong dd hoatdpng DH giao due dien Cac h o a t d d n g CD 3.1 Cac hoatdgng lam CD moi Sau han hai nam trien khai ttii diem tai tnj'iang tham gia SEQAP eua cac tinh D i k Lik, O i k Ndng, Lang Son, Cao Bing, Sdc Trang, Odng Thap, nhdm nghien cflu da td'ng ket vadua racac hoatdpng nhusau: Hoat dgng Xay dt/ng bao cao khoa hgc ve CD Xay dung bao eao khoa hpc ve CD dupc tie'n hanh theo budc: Phan tieh supham, len kehoach Tap chi Gido dye so 381 21 cho cae hoat dong va ke't luan CO, hoan chinh bao cao sau hoan CD Phan tich supham CD (djnh hudng khai thac CD) la cae thao tac tu nghien cuu ve CD, nhd dd ham Iflpng tri tue/ ehuyen sau cua lao ddng sfl pham dflpc dau tu d mflc cao, tao hieu qua thiet thflc, satsfldn vdi edng viec DH cua GV SEQAP hinh m pt quy each udc le sau thao tac kTthuat dephan tich CD: -Gidittiieu, phan tich chuong frinh (ttidng ke ttieo quy dinh kem ttieo dukien tang ttid^ Iupng DH; vj tri cac bai hpc/CD frong chuang frinh -Kien ttiflc, kTnang va phuong phap-kithuatOH satdatupng HS: Phan tich md'i Ben h&hettid'ngmach kie'n thflc kTnang vd^ nhflng kie'n ttiut da hpc Cling Idp, ldp dUiDi hoac khac mdn/phan mdn Khai thac frpng tam kien ttiflc, kT nan^ thupc CD de' lam m i u ttiam khao Yeu eau GV hieu rd va djnh huijng Iga chon eac phuang phap, kTttiuat, hinh Uiuc tochuc DH ttiich hpp • Du kien kho khan, sai lam cua HS, G V va each khic phuc Lien he ttiuc te, hoac khai thac cac thdng diep giao due cdttie tfl bai hpc - Chuan bj thiet bj DH, tai lieu tham khao va eac van dekhac -Phathlen/dexuattrongDH, hoae kinh nghiem su pham budc dau vdi ttiao tac tu can ttiiet la tong hop va khaiquat hda Phan tich su pham CD la cai cdt vat chat cua CO dongttidila ndi dung chinh eua ban bao eao khoa hpc va la CP sdxay dung ke hoach trien khai CD d bude tiep theo Hoat dgng Day the nghiem/minh hga CD Hoat ddng chutrpng eac khau:-Thiet ke'DH hieu qua theo hudng linh hoatva da dang nhim dam bao hieu qua thiet tht/c dd'i mdi phuong phap - kTthuat DH, nang suat/ hieu suat lao ddng su pham thdng qua thiet keva to ehflc HS hoatddng hpc tap (tieh cue) ttieo quy djnh chuong trinh DH va djnh hudng phan tich sfl pham; - H uy ddng td'ng hop cac kTnang supham cot loi, ttiiet yeu; kTnang lua chon, sudung cac phuong phap - kTttiuat DH hieu qua va do, ti nang luangsupham dupetieh luy phan Idn vao hoatdpng ^ -Thi§'t ke'DH bai hpe ren luyen NVSP CD td'chfle b i n g hettiong viec lam (hoat ddng/nhiem vu) vdl tinh ttian m,o, sau dd phan viec theo cac tiet hpe phu hop vdrSoitUOTgHS Mdi bai hpe thiet ketfl 2-3 phUPng an delua ehpn Can ed thao luan chung ve bai day, du ttiao cac ke't luan sfl pham (nhflng 221 Tap chi Gido due so 381 cdng han ehe cua cac bai day doi chUu viSi thiet ke linh hoat) - Phat hien md'i lien he gifla phan tich supham, cac ket luan so bd da ndi d tren vdi ttianh cong, lian chequa cae tiet day, cung nhu nhflng diem mtJitioiig quatrinhtrainghiem, lam mdiCD.Day chinh la khau tnjng gian de'tien tdi hoan ehinh CD Hoat dgng Ket luan supham vahoanchinlt van bin CD.Qom cac hoat ddng: - Khaiquatttianh y chinh qua nghien cuu, ttiuc hien CD co tac dung nang cao tri luc (nhan ttiflc, kien ttiuc, kTnang),lay nghe GV (tti let ke linh hoat DH hieu qua);-Cac kiitfi nghiem su pham ttiu hoaeh dupc dang luu yttong DH; - Phan tieh l i n h che" kinh nghiem sflphamCB cac loai CD hoac kinh nghiem phanco ttie vietttianh van ban rieng Ba hoai dpng kem sin pham chi yeu cua CB/ Tdi nguyen Cfl Bao cao khoa hoc v^ CB Thiit kS he thdng bai hoc/ti^t hoc theo hiiSng iinh fto^t da dang d4ii/a chgn Kinh nghi&m sii pham CD dugc khii quit t(i kit luSii si/ pham CB ddng thdi phin tich cic kinh nghiim dugt ctiii ii Mnh hai dang 3.2 Van dung va lam mdi mgt CD Vlin dung valammdimdtCDIacachttiflcsu'dung san pham sif pham da edcua CD vao hoatdpng DH, giaodijipva sinh hoat sfl pham de kie'm nghiem, b^sung,;biSj), tai nguyen cua ban than theo co ch&'tim \M phat hidn Vol mpi CO, vide lam mdi la khong ngijng nghi vave sau, cae CD gcb da khai thac, vi^cm luyen NVSP chu ye'u la lam mdi CD, tfl van dyng vao qua trinh DH eua GV De tien theo ddi, chung tdi dd'i chieu hai phtfcfng thflc hoat ddng nhfl sau: van dung vi lim mfli CP Phdn Ucl) sif p h ^ - Bao cao NghtSn ciiU b& sung pKSn ticli si khoa hgc v^ CD | pham vi Bao cio Wioa l y «i Cfl Thi^ k^ DH M nghidm va thao luan nnUnh nghidm bi\\\i):l'^ hgc Tdng hdp, khai quat cac kgt luanl Tdng It^p bd sung kil lifjn suphjimvBCt) I phgm v^ CD ^ m Dting sin ptiim CD' chia sk tai nguyBn; phan tfct) kinh nght9nil|^H hoach qua CO- J^? Gia trj thuc ti^n oua ren luyen NVSP cho GVTH thong qua tam CD DH 4.1 Tang c u d n g t h u c luc s u pham cho GV lam CD ^ 4.1.1 Khaithac CD colhiphathuytoidalotM nghien cuu khoa hoc, vdi ham Iflong tri tue sfl phan cao,si/timtdiphathien lien tgc vanham:-Dam baonq (kil-5/2016) dung khoa hpc cua CDdflpckhaittiaesausic,ttietde, giupGV mdrdng nhan ttiuc ta da ve kien ttiflc, kTnang, l i ^ chon sudung piiuong phap - kTttiuat DH; -Dam bao ttiuc hien tot han ca chephan cdng, hpp tac sinh hoat sfl pham (sflcdng tac trach nhiem, pha hpp kT nang jam viec dpc ^ vdi kT nang lam viec nhdm rdi chuyen hda ttianh nang luc ca nhan G V) 4.1.2 La qua tnnh lao dgng supham vdihieu sua! caovao viee thiet ke linh hoat, da dang, dam bao DH hieu qua, dd: - Nhflng kT nang su pham cdt loi, ttiietyeudactrflngdupcthehien dtrinh dp dieu luyen vdi su lua ehpn va s u dgng tdi uu phuc^g phap - kT Uig^t DH thdng dgng d cap hoc; - Moi bai hpc dupc ttiiet ke linh hoat vada dang n h i m td'chfle HS hoat dpng hpe tap (tich ci/c) dam bao va nang eao chat Iflpng DH, giao due 4.1.3 Ren luyen NVSP theo CB la quatrinh trai nghiem sang tao cua GV, su "tham canh" cua lao dpng Sfl pham bdi ham Iupng tri frie eao; la qua trinh ren luyen NVSP de'GV trdthanh t^'m gflong ti/hpc va la nhasfl pham chuan muc cua chinhminh,tardc la"kTsfl tam hon", "bac sTtri tue"cua tre em Dau mong mud'n cua CD la Tai lieu SLf pham vdi bp ba phan hudng tdi sfl hoan chinli gom kie'n thue, kTnang, kinh nghiem DH Trong kie'n ttiuP khoa hpc dflpc khaittiac sau sac trietde{deb6i dudng nang luc tri tue cho G V); KT nang ttiiet kebai hpc linh hoat, da dang DH (de'nang cao kTnang/ tay nghe G V); Kinh nghiem su pham dupc ph&n tich, chia segiup G V tieh luy, hpe hoi de ren luyen ttiem ve NVSP, d e t f l d d tac ddng kha quan kie'm soat dupc chat lucmg DH - giao dgc 4.2 Ren luyen NVSP CD dang gop phin lam soi dgng nhjp song nha trudng Trong nhflng nam qua, eac tinh tham gia SEQAP da hao hflng trie'n khai cac hoat ddng tren CBQL va G V cac trudng tieu hpc da the'hien sfl tich cflc vdi lam CD De'n thang i2/2015,^GV cdtcan cua18 tinh da duac t^p huan va trie'n khai den trudng hoc, nghien eflu 17 CD cua SEQAP, dd D i k lik la tinh di dau hoat ddng Nhflng can bd G V ed nang luc ehuyen mdn da phat huy eao tinh than trach nhiem, to chatva kinh nghiem eua minh, tht/c hien tdt cac thao tac nghien cflu va phat hien sau s i c ndi dung CD lam ndng cd't cho hoatdpng CO sd Cac y kien tfl dja phflong va co s d giao ijgc d^g danh gia lam CD se la hfldng ren luyen NVSP kha thi, tich cue va hieu qua (kil-5/2016) Tuy nhien,ttiach ttiflc Idn nhat do'ivdi lam CD ndi riengvdicac module boidudng ndichung lasucycua GV, cablet mpt bpphan GVcdn c d s u ddi phd, hinh thuc, ttiicti dan gian, nhe nhang, DH theo sach giao khoa hoac bai soan s i n cd Tfl nhflng due rut kinh nghiem thue te, SEQAP tha'y can thiet phai tiep tgc ke' hoach hoa va quan frj ren luyen NVSP CD hang nam, tien tdi chuyen nghiep hda hoat ddng Qua trinh dd ed the'khai quat qua budc sau: - Kehoach ren luyen NVSP CB nam hoc cua nha ttudng:!6chuyen mon hoac G V chon CD, dang ki lam CD nam hpe/ hpc ki (theo mau), giii lanh dao trudng thdng qua Hdi dong trudng Hieu trudng quyet dinh ke hoaeh ren luyen NVSP CD eua nha trudng nam hpe, phan edng ngudi phu trach ehi dao, theo ddi viec thue hien tung CD; - Then khai tting CB, ehidao, giam sat cac dan vl, ca nhan lam CB To ehuyen mon/GV trie'n khai mdi CD theo lich (mau) Lanh dao trudng phan cdng chi dao tflng bude,tflng khau theo dung tien ke hoach moi CD da duoc xac djnh hoae dang ki; -Saket, tong ket ren luyen NVSP CB, rut kinh nghiem hpc ki/nam hpc; - Banh gia, xet va ton vinh sang kie'n kinh nghiem eua to chuyen mdn va G V qua CD, khic phgc kieu thi dua sang kien kinh nghiem truyen thd'ng De xuatva kien nghj 5.1 Oe nghi vdi Bp GD-DT dua hoat ddng ren luyen NVSP ttieo CD vao chuong trinh boi dudng thudng xuyen ddi vdi G V va CBQL, dong thdi dua vao chuong frinh dao tao nghe DH dtruiing supham de sinh vien lam quen va thich ung tich cgc vdi viec hpcngheDH R6n luy^n NVSP theo CD BSo t?o lai (bfii dUctng thudng xuyen) •[Pao tao sU pham (DH nghe)| 5.2 Cung vd^ cac gia tri ren luyen nghiep vu va hoan thien eae ye'u to nang It/c sfl pham, CD nhfl each lam tren day lamdthfldng ren luyen nghiepvud tnidng su pham (cd gidi han mflc dp g i n vdl ttvdng ttiflc hanh sfl pham), gdp phan dd'i mdi phfldng ttiflc dao tao GV tfldng lai 5.5,VdiynghTataedung neu tren, ren luyen NVSP theo CD eon ap dung dupc vdi eac trfldng phd'thong tmng hpc va cac tn/dng sfl pham cac cap hpc (xem phijluc) • (Xem tiep trang 15) Tap chi Gido due so 381 23 ... phuang phap SEQAP quan niem ren luyen NVSP theo CD chinh la each phattrien nang lue b i n g ttii/e Iflc eua G V hieu qua nhait Ren luyen NVSP theo CD la qua trinh su pham, qua dd GV s u dgng... tha''y can thiet phai tiep tgc ke'' hoach hoa va quan frj ren luyen NVSP CD hang nam, tien tdi chuyen nghiep hda hoat ddng Qua trinh dd ed the''khai quat qua budc sau: - Kehoach ren luyen NVSP CB nam... cac hoat ddng: - Khaiquatttianh y chinh qua nghien cuu, ttiuc hien CD co tac dung nang cao tri luc (nhan ttiflc, kien ttiuc, kTnang),lay nghe GV (tti let ke linh hoat DH hieu qua) ;-Cac kiitfi nghiem