THONGTINI PHAT TRIEN Kl NANG TIT HOC VOli SACH GIAO KHOA CHO HOC SINH T R O N G DAV HOC UCH SV 6 TRl/ONG PHO THONG NGUVgNTHITHgBlNH Trudng DHSP Hi Noi ] 1 T^m quan trong cda s ich g i i o khoa vdi v i[.]
THONGTINI PHAT TRIEN Kl NANG TIT HOC VOli SACH GIAO KHOA CHO HOC SINH T R O N G DAV H O C U C H SV TRl/ONG PHO THONG NGUVgNTHITHgBlNH Trudng DHSP H i Noi ] T^m quan cda sich g i i o khoa vdi v i f c p h i t trien k i ning tir hoc cho hoc sinh day hoc Lich sit it t n i d n g ph6 thong Ky nang t y hpc vdi sich giio khoa (SGK) l i ki nang tu thyc hiln cd k i t q u i eie hoat ddng hpc t i p t r i n co sd bilt cich sQ dung, khai thie trift d l kiln thUe SGK v i v i n dung ehung de giii quylt eie nhifm vu hpe t i p mdi Phat triln ky ning ty hpc vdi SGK eho hpe sinh cd y nghTa r i t quan trpng q u i trinh day hpe Ljch sd d trudng phd thdng Bdi, t y hpc vdi sich giao khoa la hoat ddng t y hpc eO b i n h f thong cic nang lyc tuhpc, khdng ehi giup hoc sinh chCi ddng chilm ITnh kiln thde, hieu siu sic b i n chat cCia cic sU kifn, hien tUOng, nhin v i t ljch sCf, m i cdn gdp phan quan trpng vao vifc boi dudng n h i n cieh tdt dep, nhU: tinh tfch cue, chd ddng, dpc lip, sing tao, kiln tn, t y giac, t y tin hpc tap v i cudc sdng Ddng thdi, phat t r i l n ^ nang t u va thyc h i n h eho hpe sinh' Tuy nhien, day hpc Ljch sd d trUdng phd thdng h i l n nay, nhilu g i i o v i l n ehUa l i m tdt cdng vifc Mdt sd g i i o vien eho ring, kien thUe SGK l i kiln thdc CO b i n , nen phii day t o i n bd ndi dung SGK, hpe sinh chi thy ddng ghi c h i p b i i , khiln eho gid hpc nang n l , cang thing ThUe te, ky nang sd dyng SGK Nai dung kynlng Oocvaphathien kientliilccobin SGK Lip dan V theo bai wA tung SGK Ml}c«&1 (hoc sinh diua co lioac chtTa b i t tfau hinh ky ning) Hocsinlictii(ati[ndirKjdi(nt).Cacyklia daydD,cliiiii)i(acSapxepcJcydiuadirac logic Dien dat Ion xon Hocsmfi ciiUa lap S\i I i l ^ : - i H o i n cinh Oau nam 1945, Chiln tranh t h i gidi t h d II sip k i t thuc nhilu v i n d l elp bdeh ddt ra: Nhanh chdng d i n h bai cic nude p h i t xlt To chQc lai trat t u t h i gidi sau ehiin tranh Phdn ehia thdnh q u i giOa cic nudc t h i n g tr^n TQ ngiy -11/2/1945, Hdi nghj c i p cao ba cUdng qudc Liln Xd, MT, Anh hpp tai lanta (Liln Xd) NhuTng quy^t djnh Tilu d i | t t i n gdc ehCi nghTa p h i t x(t Thanh ldp td chQc Lien hpp quoc d l giQ gin hda binh, trat t y t h i gidi sau chiln tranh Tilda t h u i n vile ddng qudn t^i ede nUde, n h i m g i i i gidp q u i n ddi p h i t xit vd phdn ehia pham vi i n h hudng d chdu Au vd ehiu A He q u i : NhQng quylt dinh cCia h^i nghj cip cao lanta trd thinh khudn khd cda t r i t tU t h i gidi mdi: Trdf tu2 cue lanta c Phdt trien ky ndng khai thde kinh hinh SGK Kinh hinh SGK Id mdt ngudn kien thUe quan trong, bd sung eho kenh chQ, gdp phan tao bleu tupng sinh ddng, t i n g tfnh hinh i n h , khic phuc tinh trang h i l n dai hda Ijch sU, tao hUng thu hpc tap; ddng thdi phat t r i l n dc quan sat, tri tudng tupng, k h i nang t u va thUc hdnh bd mdn eho hoe sinh VI vay qua trinh day hpe ljch sQ, gido v i l n c i n ren cho hpe sinh ky nang khai thdc kenh hinh h i l u qua nhat theo dung nguyen t i c bd mdn va phdi thudng xuyen luyen tap qua ede bude sau: quan sdt tong the kenh hinh de biet dugc ehu de; phan tieh kenh hinh, xac djnh cae ehi tiet quan trong hinh; tich cue suy nghi, phat hien kien thUe cp bdn; chCi dpng trinh bay y kien cua minh, lang nghe nhan xet bo sung cCia ban va giao vien de t u hoan thien k i l n thUc Qua nhilu l i n thyc hanh, giio vien giup hpe sinh tUng budc hoan thien ky nang ty lam viec vdi kenh hinh SGK, theo dd ky nang quan sdt, tri tudng tupng vd tu hpc sinh cung phat t r i l n theo d Phdt trien ky ndng trd ldi cdu hdi vd bdi tdp SGK He thdng edu hdi, bdi tap SGK la nhQng gpi y quan v l ndi dung kiln thUe eo ban eua bdi ma moi tiet hpc giao vien can hUdng dan hpc sinh li giai Cau hdi SGK phong phu v l the loai, ddm bdo cac mUe dp nhdn thdc vd dupc sQ dyng suot t i l n trinh bdi hpe Ren luyen ky nang khai thdc kiln thdc de hodn thdnh cau hdi vd bdi tap SGK giup hpc sinh khac sau kiln thdc eo bdn, phdt huy tinh tieh cUc, su kien tri, ehiu khd, say me hpe tap, boi dUdng nang lyc tU vd hanh ddng Ddng thdi, gliip hpc sinh tu kiem tra, danh gia k i t q u i hpc tap cda minh Vidu, Khi day myc 1: Vdn hda co dgi phuang Ddng (Bai De phat trien ky nang nay, giao v i l n can hudng dan 3: Cde quae gia co dgi phuang Ddng - Ljch sd 10) dUdl hpc sinh kiln tri ren luyen qua cac bude: lang nghe va sy hudng dan eCia gido v i l n , hpc sinh quan sat ki: Hinh hieu ro yeu ciu cCia cau hdi; khai thdc kien thdc - Kim tu thdp dAi Cap, xac dinh bdc ttanh thudc SGK hoac kiln thUe da hpc de suy nghT tim y t r i Idi; loai tranh i n h phin anh thdnh tUu van hda vat chit; trinh bay ndi dung kiln thdc theo y hieu cCia minh; biet each quan s i t (hinh dang ben ngodi, eau tao b i n lang nghe y kiln nhan xet, bd sung cCia ban vd gido trong, each xdy dyng Kim t u thip ); dua vao SGK, t u vien de hoan cau t r i Idi lieu tham khio vd hieu biet cda b i n than de t r i Idi cau hoi: Muc dlch xdy dUng Kim tU thdp? Cdch thdc xdy Vdi viec Iuyln t^p thudng xuyen cCia hpc sinh vd sU dUng? LUc lUgng xdy dung? Thdi gian ton tgi eua Kim tU ddng vien kip thdi eda giao viln, hpc sinh se tdng bUde thdp? Li g'l&i dUde nhdng eau hdi niy, khdng chi giup nang cao ky nang dpc sdeh, huy ddng eac thao t i c tu hpc sinh h i l u dUpc kien true sd, tieu bleu eua Ai de t r i Idi edu hdi SGK, giup cic ky ndng hoe Cap thdi CO dai; nhdn thdc dupe sdc manh, quyin lyc t i p khic cCia hpc sinh dupc cdng cd vd phdt triln vd han, ddi song xa hoa eua ede Pharaon Ai Cdp, sUc sang tao to Idn vd ddi song kho cue cda nhin d i n Ai e Phdt triin ky ndng kit hgp theo doi SGK vdi nghe Cap Qua do, h i l u siu sieve mdi quan he gida ede giai gidng vd tUghichip.lTong gid hoe, hoe sinh cung mpt cap thdi ed dai Ai Cap ldc phii thyc hien nhilu hoat ddng: Theo ddi SGK - 21 TRAO DOI nghe giing - trao ddi t h i o ludn - phdt b i l u ^ k i l n - ghi chip D i y l i nhQng hogt ddng edt Idi eCia hpe sinh qud trinh hpe tdp t r i n Idp Tuy n h i i n , t r i n thyc t l , hpc sinh it thye hi|n d i y dO cic budc niy Vi vdy, gido v i l n p h i i thudng xuyln nhic nhd hpe sinh vda theo ddi b i i giing, ghi c h i p theo d i n bdi cda giio v i l n trinh b i y t r i n b i n g ; vQa ddi ehilu vdi SGK, d i n h d i u nhdng k i l n thtJc quan trpng n^l dung bdi v i l t SGK; ghi c h i p nhQng ndi dung k i l n thUc n i n g cao, nhQng thuylt ngQ, khdi n l | m khd, so dd b i n g b i l u ngodi SGK Trin trang g i i y ed t h i ehia thdnh hai p h i n : mdt p h i n ghi b i i giing t r i n ldp, mdt p h i n d l bd sung eie k i l n thde mdi, p h i n tieh, binh ludn eCia gido v i l n , nhQng y kiln hay cda b^n b l , hodc ghi ndi dung kiln thdc chua h i l u d l v l nhd suy nghT, dpe sdeh bd sung Cin v i l t gpn, saeh s l , dimg but ddnh d i u , g^ch chin, hodc m^t k i l u chQ khde eho nhQng ndi dung cdt loi nhit D l t i l t k i l m thdi gian, hpc sinh c i n sQdyng t h i n h th^o cic t Q v i l t t i t vd ede ki hilu Vile ghi c h i p bdt dUoe t h i h i l n b i n g nhilu cdch nhU: ghi c h i p b i n g so do, d i n y hay b i n g bilu Lim nhu vdy, hpc sinh se tUng bUde hodn t h i l n ky n i n g vda nghe gidng, theo ddi SGK va tu ghi c h i p h i l u q u i , d i n d i n thyc h i l n tdt mue t i l u hoe tdp 3.2 TU hgc v&i SGK d nhd a Sddung SCKdildm tdi lieu dn tdp cung cdhi thdng kiin thdc vd Idm bdi tap dnhd Vd ghi va SGK la phUPng tien, ehUa dUng nhQng kien thQc chu y l u d l hpe sinh t y h p c d n h i T r l n c o s d d d i c h i l u S G K v d i vdghi, hpe sinh tdi h i l n lai bdi gidng tren Idp cua g i i o v i l n v i ghi nhd nhQng kiln thUe eo b i n Ddng thdi, sd dung SGK 22 BAN T I N GlAO DUC Tir XA & TAI CHlTC k i t hpp vdi vd ghi d l dn t^p, h | thdng hda lai kiln thde d i hpc b i n g sd dd, n i l n b i l u , ddn