TAP CHl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Sd 4(82) nam 2016 s, SACH GIAO KHOA vOl VIEC PHAT TRiEN TlT DUY CHO HOC SINH TRONG DAY HQC LICH SU" d TRirofNG PHO THONG N H O TH! PHLfONG LAN'''' TOM TAT Bdi viil ndy trinh b[.]
TAP CHl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Sd 4(82) nam 2016 s, SACH GIAO KHOA vOl VIEC PHAT TRiEN TlT DUY CHO HOC SINH TRONG DAY HQC LICH SU" d TRirofNG PHO THONG N H O TH! PHLfONG LAN' TOM TAT Bdi viil ndy trinh bdy vi tdm quan trgng ciia sdch gido khoa (SGK) day hgc Lich sir (LS) theo dinh huang phdt triin ndng lire ngudi hgc Ddng thdi, dug rg mgt so biin phdp hudng ddn hgc sinh (HS) sic dung SGK nhdm phdt triin lu cho HS trgng hgc lap LS a trudng trung hgc phd thdng (THPT) Tir khda: giao due phfi thong dfii moi ehuang trinh, sach giao khoa, phat tiien tu ABSTRACT The role of textbooks in developing students' thinking in teaching history in high schools The grticle presents the impgrlance gf textbooks in teaching history following a learners' competence development apprggch, as well as suggests some instructional measures for students to use textbooks in order to develop their thinking in learning histor in high schools Keywords: general education, curriculum innovation, textbook, developing thinking Dat van de thae, xii Ii thong tin nham ITnh hgi nhfing Trong mOt "the giai phing", the tri thiic cua khoa hge bO mfin Tuy nhien, gioi ciia ham lugng tri thiic khong 16 thi day hge noi ehung, day hge LS noi mue tieu truyen thu tri thiie eo sin eho rieng vin dS bien soan, sil dimg SGK nhu HS 1^ khfing the Muc tieu chinh cua giao the nao "d6 day" va huang din HS sii due hien la phat trien nang luc ty dung SGK nhu thl n^o "dd hge" nham hge, phat triSn tu cho nguai hgc phat triSn nang lyc nguai hgc theo dinh Thay vi truyen thy kiin thuc khoa hge huong dfii mcri giao due hien la vin cho cae em thi viee giiip HS eo eac Id di cin dugc quan tam nghien ciiu nang tu duy, kl nang tu hge dS "xu Ii", Noi dung chiem linh tri thilc va ngoai truang 2.1 Sir phdt triin cia sdch gido khoa hgc la van dS ma khoa hgc giao due Men qua cdc thdi ki lich sir dai dang huong din Saeh giao khoa co ca mgt LS phat Saeh gido khoa la mfit tai lieu eo triin lau dai voi rit nhiiu dang thile khac ban khong the thiiu nhim phue vu eho Tii thW efi dai a Trung Quic rii vi$c day ciia GV va viec hge cua HS din nude ta, eac tae phim Khfing Tii SGK la cfing cy giilp GV va HS khai va cae mfin dfi san dinh dugc ggi la "saeh TilS, TnreiTig Osi iipc Su piiam TPHCM; Email: 102 lanphuongnhu@gmail.com TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Thanh hidn" lam chuan mue dao diic cho cac moi quan he xa h6i; dong thdi Cling chinh la nhimg cu6n SGK ddu tien dung Nho hpc, chu ydu la Tii thu (Dai hgc, Trung dung, Ludn ngii, Manh tir) va Ngu kinh (Kinh Thi, Kinh Thu, Kinh Ld, Kinh Dieh, Kinh Xudn Thu) Loai SGK ndy dugc luu truyen hang nghin ndm khdng thay d6i, duge ede thd he si tli "soi kinh ndu sir" bdng phuong phap thdy dgc-tro chep dd hgc thupc long cac giao didu Thanh day, nhdm dat muc tidu thi d$u de ldm quan Cho den thoi Phap thu6e, Nho hgc hii lau ddn ddn duoc thay thd bdng ndn giao due moi vai chuang trinh hgc Phap-Vidt, sir dung cde SGK vd vdn hoa va khoa hpe hidn dai tir "mdu quoc" dua sang, ket hgp vai cac bg sach "Quoc van giao khoa thu" va "Ludn Ii giao khoa thu" ede hgc gid danh tidng cua nude ta bien soan bdng chQ quoe ngu Mac dii van nhihig bat cap, nhtmg chinh ndn hgc vdn ndy da dua van hoa Viet Nam buoc sang thoi ki khai sang tidp can dupc vdi trinh dg van minh quoc td Sau Cach mang thdng Tam, nuoc Viet Nam Ddn chu Cgng hoa dd xay dimg mpt ndn gido due dgc Idp diing chu qu6e ngit, theo ehuang trinh hgc mang tdn Hoang Xudn Han Khi dy Bg Gido d\ie khdng t6 chiic bidn soan SGK, ma sii dung cac cong trinh khdo euu e6 gia tri dupe thdm dinh Iam SGK nha trucmg, nhu cdc cuon "Viet Nam sii lupc", "Viet Nam van p h ^ " ciia Trdn Trgng Kim, "Viet Nam vdn h6a sir cuang" eiia Dao Duy Anh Trong thai ki ddt nu6e bi ehia cat, Nhu: Thi Phuang Lan chinh quydn Viet Nam Cong hoa midn Nam xdy dung mpt hd thong giao due ph6 thong 12 ndm, Bp Giao due ban bo chuong trinh hpe, eon SGK cde nha giao dpc lap bien soan va cac nha xudt ban tu nhdn phdt hanh Trong a midn Bac, chinh phii Vi^t Nam Dan chil Cgng hoa xdy dung he thdng giao due thong 10 nam theo mo thuc ndn gido due X6-vidt, ap dung nguydn tae "mgt chuong trinh - mgt b6 SGK nhdt" cua Nha nuac (do Bp Giao due to ehire bidn soan va phat hanh) voi quan didm chi d^o "SGK Id phdp Idnh" Nguydn tac va quan didm chi dao tidp tue dupc dp dung tren todn qudc, voi he tbSng giao due thdng 12 ndm, sau dat nuoc thong nhdt Tir nam 1975 ddn nay, truac thuc tidn va ydu cau phdt trien kinh td xa hgi cua ddt nuoc, ndn gido due nudc nhd dd trai qua nhidu lan cai each, doi mdi: Cugc cai cdch giao due ldn thii (1980) va cupc doi m6i giao due cuoi thd ki XX (1991), cuOc Doi mai Chucmg trinh gido due phd thdng ddu thd ki XXI (2000) Ciing voi nhihig Idn doi mai do, cdc bg SGK cung ldn lupt dupc bidn soan Iai dd dap ling mue tidu ciia cdi each dd Bp SGK cua cudc cai cdeh giao due Ian dugc su dung ddn nam 1993 Tidp theo do, cugc ddi radi gido due cudi thd ki XX dd cho doi bg SGK moi, cdp THPT Id bg sdch theo chuang trinh phdn ban (ban A - khoa hpc tu nhidn, ban B - Khoa hpc kT thudt, ban C - Khoa hpe xa hpi) Trong cuOc ddi moi Chuang trinh gido dye phd thdng ddu thd ki XXI, bg SGK moi dugc bidn soan Iai, 103 TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM SGK danh cho bae THPT dugc vidt va thidt kd cho hai ban: Ban Ca ban (chuang trinh chudn) va Ban Nang cao (chuong trinh chuydn ban) dupe thi didm va dp dung tir nam 2004 den 2.2 Sdch gido khoa theo dinh hudng ddi mdi chuceng trinh hi^n Truoc nhtmg bien doi nhanh chong ciia nen kinh td h'i thiic va yeu cau phdt tridn ddt nuac thai ki hdi nhdp kinh td thd gidi hien Dang vd Nha nuoc tiep tue nhan manh den vai tro ciia gido due ddo tao, khang dinh cdn phdi tidp tue doi mai can bdn, todn dien nen giao due ddt nuae Ngay cupc ddi mai gido due thong ddu thd ki XXI, chuong tiinh gido due phd thdng mai dupe Bg GD&DT xay dung lai dd buoc ddu tiep can vdi khoa hgc gido due thd giai Khac phyc ban chd ciia chuang trinh cai cdch giao due (1980) la tidp can npi dimg, dat n ^ g muc tidu day kidn thiie, ehuang trinh gido due phd thong (GDPT) nhiing ndm ddu thd ki XXI chuydn sang tidp can muc tidu trdn cd ba linh vuc: kien thiic, kT ndng va thdi Muc tidu ciia chuang trinh GDPT dupe neu ro Ludt Giao due (2005): "Muc tieu cua GDPT Id gidp HS phdt triin todn dien ve dgo dice, tri tui, the chdt thdm mi vd edc fd ndng ca bdn phdt triin ndng luc cd nhdn, tinh ndng dpng vd sdng tgo, hinh thdnh nhdn cdch ngudi Viet Nam xd hpi chd nghia , " [6, Didu 2] Nhung nguyen tdc vd quan didm dung ddn eiia chuang trinh GDPT mai dp dung vdo thuc tien day hge da dat dupc nhimg cdng nhdt djnh, nhung 104 So 4(82) ndm 2016 ddng thai cimg bgc 16 nhihig han chd qua hidu lye cita chuong trinh Trong chuong trinh, mye tidu nhdn thirc (kidn thiic) hodn toan ldn at cde mye tidu kT nang va thdi Npi dung kidn thiic tdt cd eac bp mdn chuang trinh va SGK deu rat n ^ g nd ca vd dung lupng Idn be rpng kidn thiic ddn ddn tinh trang "qua tdi" Vi vdy, phuong phap day hgc chii ydu truong phd thdng vdn Id phuang phap gidng bai, cac phuong phap day hge tich cue kho cd didu kidn dd dp dung, viec thuc hdnh,'ren luyen kT ndng cho HS khdng dugc chii trgng Vide kidm tra, danh gid qua hgc tap cua HS cflng chii ydu tap trung vao kidm tra kien thiic, ma it chu trgng kidm tra kT nang nguoi hgc Dd khdc phyc ban ehd eiia ehuong trinh GDPT hidn hanh ddng thdi tidp can vdi trinh thd gidi thi chi cd mgt dudng Id tiep tue tidn hdnh edng cudc doi moi gido due, va xay dyng mpt chucmg trinh GDPT mdi Hpi nghi Trung uong Idn thir Vm khda XI (04-11-2013) ciia Dang da thong qua nghi quydt vd dd dn "Ddi mdi can ban, toan didn giao dye va ddo tao, dap img ydu cdu cong nghidp hda, hidn d^ hda didu kidn kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hpi chii nghta va hpi nh^ qude te", dd khang dinh ro quan didm ehi dao ciia Dang: "Tiip tue doi mdi mgnh me phucmg phdp dgy vd hpc theo hudng hiin dgi; phdt huy tinh tich cue, chii dpng, sdng tgo vd van dung kien thicc Id ndng cua ngudi hpc; khdc phuc ldi truyin thu dp dgt mpt chieu, ghi nhd mdy moc Tap trung dgy cdch hpc, cdch TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nhu Thi Phirang Lan nghl, khuyen khich tu hpc, tgo ca sa di cong cudc ddi mdi gido dye hidn la ngudi hpc tu edp nhgt vd doi mdi tri het sire quan trpng Thdy giao cdn phai thue, kXndng, phdt trien ndng luc " [5] quan tridt mue tidu ddi mdi giao due dd van dung sang t^o vdo qud trinh day hgc, Quan didm chi dao dupc Bp ddng thdi khdng ngimg ddi mdi phuong GD&DT tridn khai vao thye tidn thdng phap day hpe de chat lupng day hgc bp qua dd an xdy dung chuang trinh giao mdn dat dupe hidu qua cao nhdt due phd thdng tdng thd (GDPTTT) va 2.3 Su dung sdch gido khoa nhdm bidn soan SGK mdi theo dinh hudng phat tridn toan didn nang lue ngudi hpc nhdm phdt trien tu cho HS day hpe Lieh sud trudng THPT tao chuydn bidn can ban, toan didn vd chat lupng va hidu qua giao due phd Qud trinh day hpe d trudng phd thdng Chuang trinh GDPTTT du thao thdng chinh Id qua trinh nhdn thiic cua (2015) da xac dinh dudng loi ciia ndn HS dudi su td chiic, hudng ddn cua gido gido due phd thdng mdi Id: "Gido due vien (GV) nham dat dugc cac muc tieu todn dien vd hdi hoa due, tri, the, mT, nhdn thuc, phat trien tri tue, kT nang vd muc tieu chucmg trinh gido due phd thdi dp tinh cam chuong trinh quy thdng xdc dinh nhimg yiu cdu cdn dgt ve dinh Day hpc LS cung nhu cac bg mdn phdm chdt, ndng luc cua HS & timg cdp khdc deu gdp phan hoan cac nhidm hoc; muc tiiu chuang trinh mdn hpc xde vu va muc tieu ndi tren Trong sy phdt dfnh nhdng yeu edu ve kien thue, kT trien nhdn thiie ndi chung va phat tridn tu ndng, thdi dp, hu&ng den hinh thdnh cho HS ndi rieng day hpe, mdn nhimg phdm chdt, ndng luc ddc thii mon LS vdi dac trung ciia minh cung gdp hpc vd cdc phdm chdt, ndng luc khdc d phdn vdo vide phat tridn tu cho HS timg lap, timg cdp hpc" [3, tr.7] Nhu hgc tap bd mdn, dd Id tu LS vgy, dudng loi trdn eho thdy su thay doi De gdp phdn phdt tridn tu cho kha ldn eiia CTGDPTTT, ehuang trinh HS thdng qua vide hudng dan cac em sir khdng chi tidp can myc tidu ma cdn dung SGK LS, chiing tdi de xudt mgt sd hudng den phat trien phdm chdt va ndng bidn phap sau ddy: lyc ngudi hgc > Hudng ddn HS biet ITnh hpi kien Dinh hudng xdy dyng CTGDPTTT thuc Cff bdn tir bdi gidng cda thay vd npi da md mpt dudng hudng mdi cho vide dung SGK bidn soan SGK hidn Trdn co sd mot Theo quan diem ciia Ii ludn day hgc chuong trinh GDPTTT quoe gia thdng hidn dai, ngudi thdy ddi mdi se khdng nhat, nhieu bg SGK se duoc bien soan day hdt SGK ma ehi tap trung vao kidn Vdn dd lya chgn SGK de td ehire day thirc CO ban, ldm sdu hon vd lam sang hgc theo muc tieu ma chuang trinh han y SGK Dudi sy td chiie hudng GDPTTT dua hodn toan gido vien ddn cua thdy, HS phai bidt phdt Men ehd quydt dinh "mdu thudn" d bai giang ciia thdy vd SGK de thdc mac nhdm ITnh hdi kidn Do vdy, vai trd eiia gido vidn TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM So 4(82) ndm 2016 Do vay, day hgc LS, GV phai thiic Chinh qua trinh nhan thiic chu y ddn tinh thdng nhdt gitra phdn "sii" ma nang Iyc tu eiia HS ed didu va phdn "Iuan" dd phat trien ndng lire kidn ren luyen vd phat trien nhan thiic LS cho HS Vi nhu hgc bai Chidn tranh The Vi du: Khi hpc bdi "Tinh hinh cac gidi thii hai (LS 11 Chuong triiih nudc tu ban giiia hai eupe chidn tranh th^ chudn), d muc I Con dudng ddn ddn gidi", d myc "Thiet K'P trdt ty the gioi chidn tranh gdm hai ndi dung chinh: Cac mdi theo he thdng Vecxai - Oasinhton" nudc phdt xit ddy manh xdm lupe (1931Phdn "sir": Qua kdnh chu 1937) va Tir Hpi nghi Muy-nich den SGK, HS bidt dugc rang sau Chien hanh chidn tranh thd gidi Hai ndi dung Thd gidi thii nhdt vdi he thdng Vecxai cung cdp mpt loat edc su kien nhu su Oasinhton mpt trdt ty thd gidi mdi da hinh thdnh phe True phat xit, hanh ddng dupc thidt lap, cdc nudc tu ban banh trudng xam lupc cua cdc nudc phdt thdng trdn duae Ipi nhidu vd kinh te, xit trudc chidn tranh, hdi nghi Muy-nich chinh tri, Ianh thd , cdn cac nuoc bai (1938), Hidp udc X6-Diic khdng xdm trdn hi thidt thdi phdi thi hdnh cac van pham Idn (1939) Tir nhiing ndi kidn cua he thong Vecxai - Oasinhton dung trdn, GV hudng dan HS nit dupc kidn thiic ca bdn cua mue dd Id nguyen Phdn "ludn": Qua phdn md rong nhdn ca ban dan tdi cupc chien tranh thd ciia GV vd ngi dung he thdng Hidp uoc gidi thir hai: su ddi ciia chu nghTa phat Vecxai -Oasinhton, ciing vdi vide hudng xit Due — I-ta-Iia - Nhdt cupc khung ddn HS quan sat Luge dd hinh 29 (LS IIhoang kinh td (1929-1933); va chinh sdch ehuong trinh chudn) "Sy thay ddi ban nhupng bd, thda hiep cua cdc nudc Anh, chinh tri chdu Au theo he thdng Vecxai Phdp, MT da tao didu kidn cho chii nghia Oasinhton", HS bidt nit n h ^ xet vd su phdt xit phat dgng chien tranh thay ddi qudc gia va Ianh thd cac nuoc chdu Au ndm 1923 so vdi nam 1914 Cu > Hudng din HS biit khai thdc the vd qudc gia: cd nhiing qudc gia cu kenh chir vd kinh hinh SGK di mat di (Ao-Hung), ed nhiing qudc gia tim phan "sit" vd "lugn " mdi xudt hidn (Ao, Hung, Tiep Khac } Kien thiie LS day hgc LS d Vd Idnh thd ciia mdi qudc gia: cd nuoc trudng phd thdng dupc ehia Iam bd dugc rgng ra, ed nudc bi co hep lai phdn: "sii" va "ludn" Phdn "su" giup HS trd Idi cdu hdi "LS didn nhu thd ndo?", Trdn co sd dd, HS thdy rdng uat tu die Id giiip cdc em "biet" sy kidn LS da thd gidi mdi ma edc nude tu bdn thiet lap xay gan lien vdi mgt mdc thdi gian, qua he thdng Vecxai - Oasinhton la khdng gian, nhdn vat vd kdt qua cu thd "khdng edng bang" vi dupe hudng lpi la Phdn "ludn" ddi hdi HS tren ca sd phdn thupc vd ke manh, ngudi thang, chiu thiet "sii" da biet phai suy ludn, tu dd la ke yeu, ngudi thua Do dd, nhihig mau danh gid, gidi thich dupc tai LS lai thudn ciia cac nude dd qude khdng mat & didn nhu thd ma van tdn tai, dd rdi sau cd dieu TAP CHi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM kidn nd Iai bimg phdt cudc chidn tranh did gidi mdi > Hudng ddn HS kit hgfp khai thde thong tin SGK v&i tdi ii^u tham khdo ngodi SGK SGK mdn hpc la tai lieu co ban nhdt, la phuong tidn giiip HS hgc tap trdn Idp ciing nhu ty hgc d nha ddng thdi la cdn cii dd GV thiet kd bai hpc va to chiie eho HS hpc t|tp Tuy nhidn, cdc nha gido dye va giao dye LS da ehi rang ndu GV chi day theo SGK hodc bidn bdi day bang tdm tat lai SGK sd ddn ddn su nham chan, thidu hiing thii hpc tap noi HS, chat lupng va hieu qua bdi hpc khdng thd dat hidu qua Vi vdy, dd khde sau va Iam ndi bat kidn thiic co bdn ciia SGK ngudi thay can phai sir dyng ciing nhu cung cdp thdm eho HS ngudn tdi lieu phong phii ngoai SGK Vide hudng ddn HS sii dyng SGK kdt hpp vdi ngudn tai lieu tham khao cdn giiip ren luydn cho cac em thdi quen nghien eiiu, xii Ii tu li?u, qua dd phdt trien tu eua HS frong hpc t£ip LS Khi giang ndi dung "Nhdt dau hang Ddng minh, ldnh Tdng khdi nghta dupc ban bd" (Bdi 16, LS 12 - Chuang trinh chudn), dk giup HS nhdn thiic rd "Vdn dd thdi CO Tdng khdi nghTa Cach mang thang Tam 1945", ngoai ndi dung tai lieu SGK, GV eung cdp thdm cho HS cdc tdi lieu tham khdo nhu: "Linh long khdi nghTa ", "Hiiu triiu cua tong bp Viet Minh", "Thu keu gpi tong khai nghTa" (Van kidn Dang toan tap, tap (1940-1945), Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia Hd Ngi) Qua dd, GV dat van de "Tai ndi ring tinh hinh thd gidi giiia thdng ndm Nha Thi Phuorng Lan 1945 la thdi co cd mdt khdng hai de nhdn ddn Viet Nam tidn hanh Tdng khdi nghta gianh ehinh quydn?" Trdn ca sd npi dung SGK va tai lidu tham khao cung edp cho HS, GV hudng ddn HS khai thac tu lieu dd giai quydt vandd: Phat xit Nhat da ddu hang Ddng minh, ke thii cu da thdt bai, tinh thdn ciia qudn dang hoang mang, reu rd Qudn Ddng minh Anh, Tudng Gidi Thach ehua vdo Ddng Duong dd tudc gidi quan Nhdt; thuc ddn Phap chua kip tap hgp lye lugng didu qudn vao xam lupc nudc ta ldn niia Nhu vdy, kd thii eii da tan rd, ke thii mdi chua tdi Qua theo doi, nam bat kip thdi tinh hinh thd gidi va nudc ma Dang Cpng sdn vd Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da nhdn thiic sdu sdc dupe "thdi co ngdn nam cd mdt" dd den "du ed phdi ddt chay cd day Trudng Son ciing phdi gianh dpe ldp" Sy Ianh d^o diing ddn ciia Dang qua vide kip thdi "chdp thai ea" khdi nghTa la nhan td quan trpng quyet dinh thang lgi eua cupc Cach mang thang Tdm nam 1945 > Hudng dan HS tim kien thuc Hen mon giita LS vd ede mdn hpe khdc Tich hpp vd lidn mdn la mpt nhirng nguydn tae cua day hge LS d trudng phd thdng Day hpc tich hgp, lidn mdn la su van dung nhiing ndi dung vd phuong phdp giii'a cdc ITnh vuc, cdc mdn hpc cd lien quan nhdm tim nhiing ndi dung giao thoa giira eac mdn hpc vdi bd mdn LS, giiip HS thdy dugc mdi lien he hthi ca giiia cac ITnh vuc ciia ddi sdng xd hdi, hidu dugc tinh todn didn ciia LS, 107 TAP CHi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM So 4(82) nim 2016 do, dgc lap cua nuoc Viet Nam: khic phyc duge tinh rai rac, tan man - Thil nhit, tren co so khing djnh kiin thue ciia HS tinh phap li vi quyen eon nguoi, quyin Vi du: Khi hgc vi sy kien 02dan tge eila nhan Ioai noi chung thi dan Tfing khai nghia thang Tam nam 1945 (Bai 16 LS 12 - Ban Co ban), Bae toe Viet Nam xung dang co quyin dugc huong ty va dge lap Hfi dge ban Tuyen ngon dge lap khai sinh Thii hai, lap luar 'ang quan Phap nu6e Viet Nam Dan ehu Cgng hoa GV khong dii tu each di quay Iai Viet Nam vi cin huong din HS trinh bay lai ngi dung da ban nuoc ta hai lan cho Nh^t ban Tuyen ngfin da dugc hgc SGK - Thil ba, khing dinh quyit tam cila Ngu van, dfing thai dat cae van de de toan thi nhan dan Viet Nam quyit mang HS tim hiiu: Em hay cho biit cd nhirng sir kien LS nao da dufc H6 Chi tinh mang, tai san di bao v$ quyin doc lap ay Minh nhic din Irong bdn Tuyen ngon dSc ldp? Trinh bdy suy nghi cua em Nhu vay, tren ca so nhiing kien thiic vi khing dinh cua Ho Ch! Minh: van hgc vi ngi dung, gia tri cua tac pham "Nudc Viet Nam co quyin dug'c hirdng "Tuyen ngfin dgc lap" da dugc hgc, HS ttr vd dgc lap" biit van dung vao bai de tra loi cae cau hoi ma GV dua ra, tim mfii lien he giua kiin GV hucmg din HS giai quyit vin di: o Nhiing sy kien LS dugc H6 thire van hgc va sil hgc, biet van dung kien thuc da hgc de giai quyet van de, qua tu Chi Minh nhie den ban Tuyen eiia HS duge ren luyen ngfin dgc lap: nam 1858 thyc dan Phap Ket luan nfi sung xam luge nuac ta; thang 9/1940 SGK la sy eu thi hoa cua chuang Nhat xam luge Dfing Duong, thyc dan trinh hgc va la mgt tai lieu ein thiit cua Phap dau hang, ma cua nuac ta cho Nhat; GV va HS qua trinh day hgc Nan doi a Bac Ky va Trung Ky cufii nam truong phfi thong GV phai thiu hieu 1944, diu nam 1945; 9-3-1945 Nhat chuang trinh hgc, quan triet muc tieu dao ehinh Phap; 14-8-1945 Nhat chuong trinh vao viec xae dinh cae noi tuyen bo dau hang Dong minh; su kien dung ea ban cua SGK di thiet ke giao an Bao Dai thoai vi 25-8-1945 bai hgc nham dap iing muc tiSu day hgc cau hoi giup ren luy$n eho HS Dya vao ehuang trinh hge va ngi dung kl nang khai thac tu lieu va ty tim kiim SGK, GV se lua chgn kiin thilc ca ban nhirng dO lieu LS da duge neu Ban ciia bai can khic sau eho HS, dong thcji Tuyen ngfin dgc lap Budc diu ren luyen xae dinh diing cac phuang phap va hinh eho HS tinh tich cue, dge lap hge tap - CO sa quan trgng cua qua trinh tu thiic tfi chile day hge phii hgp nhat eua nguai hgc Di giiip HS sil dung SGK eg hieu o Qua van kien "Tuyen ngfin qua, nhim phat triin kT nang tu hgc, phat dflc lap", GV huong dan HS hiiu dugc trien tu cua cac em hgc tap, doi khang dinh cua Ho Chii tich vi quyin tu hoi vai tro rit lan ciia nguoi thay TAP CHl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM day hpc GV cdn hudng ddn HS khdng chi bidt phat hien kidn thiie ea ban SGK ma edn bidt su dyng SGK kdt hpp vdi cde tai lieu tham khao khac dd tim tdi, nghidn ciiu di sau vao bdn chdt cua cac sir kidn, hidn tugfng LS va giai thich, ddnh gia duoc chiing Chinh qua trinh nay, tinh tich cyc, tu ddc lap cua HS dupc ren luyen va phdt trien Day cung chinh la ndi dung, nhiem vu ma edng cudc ddi mdi day hgc hidn hudng den Thyc tidn day hpc hidn cho didy chuong trinh va SGK LS THPT ndi rieng va chuong trinh SGK THPT ndi NhU Thi Phuffng Lan chung cdn nhidu bdt cap can phai tidp tue nghien eiiu va ddi mdi Vdn dd thidt kd Iai chuang trinh hgc bd mdn cho phii hpp, tidp can vdi nen khoa hpe giao dye thd gidi dieo hudng "mdt chuong trinh, nhidu bd SGK", vidt Iai SGK theo hudng tich hap, tinh gian, chii trgng ddn muc tieu phdt tridn nang lue HS hien dang dugc Bp GD&DT h*idn khai thuc hidn Trong chd dgi chuang trinh va SGK mdi dupc dua vao giang day, GV phd thdng phai khdng ngimg hpe hdi, ndng cao trinh dp chuydn mdn, nghiep vy nhdm gdp thdm kinh nghiem thuc tidn eho cdng cude ddi mdi giao due hidn TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bd Giao due va Dao tao (2006), Sdch gido khoa Ljch su 11, 12 (CT chudn), Nxb Gido due Ha Ngi Bg Giao due va Dao tao (2006), Sdch gido khoa Ngu- vdn 12 tap (CT chudn), Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi Bg Giao due va Dao tao (2015), Chuang trinh Gido due phd thdng tdng the (trong chuong trinh gido due phd thdng mdi) [duthao], thdng 8-2015 Nguyen Thi Cdi (2009), Con dudng vd bien phdp ndng cao hiiu qud bdi hpc lich sic, Nxb Dai hpc Su pham Ha Ndi Dang Cdng san Viet Nam (2013), Nghi quyit Hdi nghi TW Vlll khda XI "Vi ddi mdi cdn bdn, todn dien gido due vd ddo tgo" http://123.30.190.43/tiengviet/tulieuvankien/vankiendang/details.asp? topic=191&su btopic=9&leader_topic=&id=BT7111340696 Phan Ngpe Lidn (Cb) (2002), Nguydn Thi Cdi, Trinh Dinh Timg, Phuongphdp dgy hpc lieh su (Tap 1), Nxb Dai hpc Su pham Ha Ngi Qudc hpi (2005), Lugt Gido dvc http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/Lists/Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx71teml D=18148 Ld Vinh Qudc (2011), Ddi mdi dgy hpc theo khoa hpc gido due hiin dai, Nxb Dai hgc Su pham TPHCM (Ngdy Tda so^n nh$n duoc bdi: 30-11-2015; ngdy phan bien ddnh gid: 29-3-2016; ngdy chip nh$n ddng: 20-4-2016) 109 ... due cudi thd ki XX dd cho doi bg SGK moi, cdp THPT Id bg sdch theo chuang trinh phdn ban (ban A - khoa hpc tu nhidn, ban B - Khoa hpc kT thudt, ban C - Khoa hpe xa hpi) Trong cuOc ddi moi Chuang... thdng ddu thd ki XXI, bg SGK moi dugc bidn soan Iai, 103 TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM SGK danh cho bae THPT dugc vidt va thidt kd cho hai ban: Ban Ca ban (chuang trinh chudn) va Ban Nang cao (chuong... khoa hpe hidn dai tir "mdu quoc" dua sang, ket hgp vai cac bg sach "Quoc van giao khoa thu" va "Ludn Ii giao khoa thu" ede hgc gid danh tidng cua nude ta bien soan bdng chQ quoe ngu Mac dii van